• Non ci sono risultati.

GH OD QDLVVDQFH GH O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH ¢ OD GLIIXVLRQ GHV HWKQLFLVPHV OLQJXLVWLTXHV

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Condividi "GH OD QDLVVDQFH GH O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH ¢ OD GLIIXVLRQ GHV HWKQLFLVPHV OLQJXLVWLTXHV"

Copied!
24
0
0

Testo completo

(1)Glauco Sanga Daniel Baggioni. /HVG\QDPLTXHVOLQJXLVWLTXHVGHODVRFLpWpLWDOLHQQH  

(2) GHODQDLVVDQFHGHO LWDOLHQSRSXODLUHjODGLIIXVLRQGHV HWKQLFLVPHVOLQJXLVWLTXHV ,Q/DQJDJHVHDQQpHQƒSS. &LWHUFHGRFXPHQW&LWHWKLVGRFXPHQW 6DQJD*ODXFR%DJJLRQL'DQLHO/HVG\QDPLTXHVOLQJXLVWLTXHVGHODVRFLpWpLWDOLHQQH 

(3) GHODQDLVVDQFHGHO LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUHjODGLIIXVLRQGHVHWKQLFLVPHVOLQJXLVWLTXHV,Q/DQJDJHVHDQQpHQƒSS doi : 10.3406/lgge.1981.1870 http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/lgge_0458-726X_1981_num_15_61_1870.

(4) *ODXFR 6$1*$ 8QLYHUVLW« GH 3DYLH. /(6'<1$0,48(6 /,1*8,67,48(6 '(/$ 62&,‹7‹,7$/,(11( 

(5)   GH OD QDLVVDQFH GH O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH ¢ OD GLIIXVLRQ GHV HWKQLFLVPHV OLQJXLVWLTXHV.  /DVLWXDWLRQVRFLROLQJXLVWLTXHGHO ,WDOLH DYDQWO XQLW« /DVLWXDWLRQ VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH LWDOLHQQH ¢O «SRTXH GH O XQLW«LWDOLHQQH 

(6)  «WDLW FDUDFW«ULV«H SDU XQ IRUW G«V«TXLOLEUH HQWUH OHV S¶OHV OLQJXLVWLTXHV IRQGDPHQWDX[ GH <LWDOLHQ HW GX GLDOHFWH  G«V«TXLOLEUH OLQJXLVWLTXH TXL UHSURGXLVDLW OH G«V«TXLOLEUH VRFLDO H[LVWDQW HQWUH FODVVHV K«J«PRQLTXHV HW FODVVHV VXEDOWHUQHV / LWDOLHQ ODQJXH QDWLRQDOH RIILFLHOOH «WDLW G XQ XVDJH WUªV UHVWUHLQW G «OLWH OLPLW« ¢ OD FRXFKH GLU LJHDQWH HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW LQWHOOHFWXHOOH ' DXWUH SDUW O XVDJH GH O LWDOLHQ «WDLW SUHVTXH FRPSOªWHPHQW U«VHUY« ¢ 9«FULW P¬PH SDUPL OHV FODVVHV GRPLQDQWHV TXL SRXU O LQW HUDFWLRQ RUDOH XWLOLVDLHQW VHORQ /VVLWXDWLRQV RX XQH JUDQGH ODQJXH «WUDQJªUH GH FXO WXUH FRPPHOHIUDQ©DLV RX O HVSDJQRO

(7)  RX OHGLDOHFWH XUEDLQ GX OLHXGHU«VLGHQFH 'H 0$852HVWLPH TX ¢O «SRTXH GHO XQLW«O LWDOLHQ Q «WDLWSDVSDUO« SDUSOXVGH GH ODSRSXODWLRQ  / LWDOLHQQD°W DX[;,,;OOOH VLªFOHVFRPPH ODQJXH «FULWH ¢O RULJLQH VXUWRXWFRPPH ODQJXH DGPLQLVWUDWLYH PHUFDQWLOH GH FRPSWH

(8)  VXUWRXW GDQVOHVQRXYHOOHVFODVVHV ERXU JHRLVHV «PHUJHQWHV HQ RSSRVLWLRQ DYHF XQHSUDWLTXH RUDOH TXL G DSUªV FH TXHQRXV HQ VDYRQV GHYDLW UHVWHU GLDOHFWDOH &HWWH VFLVVLRQ QHWWH HQWUH O XVDJH RUDO HW O XVDJH «FULW FDUDFW«ULVHO KLVWRLUH OLQJXLVWLTXH LWDOLHQQHMXVTX HQ SOHLQ ;,;HVLªFOH /DSUDWLTXH RUDOH V «WHQGDLW SUHVTXH FRPSOªWHPHQW ¢ O LQW«ULHXU GX S¶OH GLDOHFWDO TXL FRPPH RQ SHXW OH VXSSRVHUQRQ VDQVIRQGHPHQWG DSUªV OHVLQGLFHV GLVSRQLEOHV GHYDLW¬WUH QRWD EOHPHQW VWUDWLIL« VHORQ OHV FODVVHV VRFLDOHV HW G DXWUH SDUW «QRUP«PHQW IUDJPHQW« VHORQ OHV DLUHV J«RJUDSKLTXHV /HV PLOOH HW XQ GLDOHFWHV ORFDX[ «WDLHQW WUDYHUV«V GH VWUDWLILFDWLRQV VRFLDOHV TXL HQ U«GXLVDLHQW OD GLYHUVLW« ¢ PHVXUH TX RQ V DSSURFKDLW GX FHQWUH XUEDLQ HW GHV FODVVHV VXS«ULHXUHV /D ODQJXH SRSXODLUH F HVW¢GLUH OD ODQJXH GH O HQVHPEOH GHV FODVVHV VXEDOWHUQHV «WDLW RULHQW«H YHUV GHV YDUL«W«V VRFLROLQJXLVWL TXHV PRLQV DPSOHV SOXV ORFDOHV SOXV GLDOHFWDOHV GRQF PRLQV LQIOXHQF«HV SDU O LWD OLHQ HW «WDLW H[FOXVLYHPHQW RUDOH 3RXU OHV UDUHV XVDJHV «FULWV RQ XWLOLVDLW QDWXUHOO HPHQW O LWDOLHQ PDLV SUHVTXH SHUVRQQH QH VDYDLW «FULUH 1RUPDOHPHQW GDQV FKDTXH FRPPXQDXW« LO \ DYDLW XQ m DOSKDEªWH } F HVW¢GLUH XQH SHUVRQQH HQ PHVXUH GH OLUH  'H0$8526WRULD S  -H FRQVLGªUHTXH O HVWLPDWLRQ HVW WUªV RSWLPLVWH SDUFH TX HOOH FRPSUHQGGDQVOH QRPEUH GHV ORFXWHXUV LWDOLHQV OHV 7RVFDQVHW OHV 5RPDLQV  LO HVW GRXWHX[TXH FHV GHUQLHUV DLHQW SDUO« O LWDOLHQ PDLV ELHQ SOXW¶W XQH YDUL«W« YRLVLQH GH O LWDOLHQ .

(9) HW G «FULUH SRXU OD FRPPXQDXW« / mDOSKDEªWH } Q «WDLW SDV WRXMRXUV XQ UHSU«VHQWDQW GHVFODVVHV K«J«PRQLTXHV SU¬WUH DYRFDW SKDUPDFLHQ DGPLQLVWUDWHXU

(10)   ¢ O LQW«ULHXU P¬PH GHV FODVVHV SRSXODLUHV LO \ DYDLW VRXYHQW TXHOTX XQ HQ PHVXUH GH OLUH HW G «FULUH TXH FH VRLW TXHOTX XQ GX SD\V RX XQ FROSRUWHXU SURIHVVLRQQHO RX VHPL SURIHVVLRQQHO FRPPH OHV FKDQWHXUV DPEXODQWV RX OHV PHQGLDQWV TXL VH SURFXUDLHQW J°WH HW FRXYHUW HQ OLVDQW GHV OLYUHV HW HQ UDFRQWDQW GHV KLVWRLUHV SHQGDQW OHV YHLOO«HV G KLYHU

(11)  2Q FRQVWDWH GHSXLV OH ;9,H VLªFOH ¢WUDYHUV O «GLWLRQ SRSXODLUH HW OHV IHXLOOHV YRODQWHV XQHFRQVRPPDWLRQ SRSXODLUHGH U«FLWVSRªPHV FKDQVRQVHQ LWDOLHQ  LO HVW¢ SHLQH EHVRLQGHUDSSHOHU ODIRUWXQH GHV5HDOLGL)UDQFLD GH *HUULQR LO 0HVFKLQR GH OD *HQRYHIID GHO %UDEDQWH GHV SRªPHV GH 'DQWH HW GX 7DVVH GHV FKDQVRQV GHV FKDQWHXUVDPEXODQWV WRXWHVĕXYUHV FRPSRV«HV HQ XQ LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUHWUªV UHFKHUFK« DFDG«PLTXH DXPRLQV GDQV OHV LQWHQWLRQV

(12)  GRQW RQ UHWURXYHGHV WUDFHV GDQVOHV WH[ WHVW«PRLQV G LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH QRWDPPHQW OHV SOXV DQFLHQV &HV WH[WHV «WDLHQW GLIIX V«V GDQV XQHSUDWLTXH FRPPXQDXWDLUH  O m DOSKDEªWH } OLVDLW ¢ KDXWH YRL[ DVVXUDQW VHORQ O KHXUHXVH IRUPXOH G ,WDOR 625', XQ m DOSKDE«WLVPH } GH JURXSH IDFH ¢ XQ DQDOSKDE«WLVPH LQGLYLGXHO /HV FODVVHV GH PDUJLQDX[ YDJDERQGV PHQGLDQWV FROSRUWHXUV PDOIUDWV

(13)  SDUODLHQW <DUJRW  UHJLVWUHOLQJXLVWLTXH TXLJUHIIH VXUOD JUDPPDLUH HW VXU ODSKRQ«WLTXH GH OD ODQJXH RXGX GLDOHFWHORFDO XQ OH[LTXH m DUJRWLTXH } FRPPXQ HW TXHOTXHV WUDLWVPRU SKRV\QWD[LTXHV VS«FLILTXHV FRPPXQV GDQV XQH ODUJH PHVXUH ¢ WRXV OHV DUJRWV LWD OLHQV ,O HVW WUªV SUREDEOH TXH FHX[ TXL SDUODLHQW HQ DUJRW VS«FLDOHPHQW GDQV OHV YLO OHV

(14)  SDUODLHQW DXVVL HQ?SOXV GH O DUJRW OD ODQJXHLWDOLHQQH FRPPH OH PRQWUHQWOHV WUªV QRPEUHX[LWDOLDQLVPHVᒫ WUªVVS«FLDOHPHQW OHV DFDG«PLVPHVᒫ GXOH[LTXH DUJRWLTXH (OOHV FRQQDLVVDLHQW FHUWDLQHPHQW O LWDOLHQ FHV FDW«JRULHV GH ORFXWHXUV DUJRWLTXHV TXL IDLVDLHQW SURIHVVLRQ GH m YHQGUH GH OD FXOWXUH } FKDQWHXUV DPEXODQWV TXL YHQGDLHQW OHV IHXLOOHV YRODQWHV

(15)  FROSRUWHXUV GH OLYUHV HW G HVWDPSHV FRQWHXUV IRUDLQV DFWHXUV DPEXODQWV PDULRQQHWWLVWHV HW EDWHOHXUV /DIRQFWLRQ GH P«GLDWLRQFXOWXUHOOH HQWUH OHV FRXFKHV K«J«PRQLTXHV HW OHV FRXFKHV VXEDOWHUQHV HW OHVFRQWDFWV SHUPDQHQWVHQWUH OHV GLYHUVHV FODVVHV VRFLDOHV LPSRVDLHQW ¢ FHV JURXSHV GH PDUJLQDX[ OD FRQQDLVVDQFH GH WRXWH OD JDPPH GHV UHJLVWUHV OLQJXLVWLTXHV GH OD VRFL«W« 1RXV SRXYRQV VXSSRVHU O DUWLFXODWLRQ VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH VXLYDQWH TXL YDXW ᒫ GDQV VHV JUDQGHV OLJQHV ᒫ SRXU OD VRFL«W« LWDOLHQQH G DYDQW O XQLW« ;,,,H;9,OOH VLªFOHV

(16)  DYHF QDWXUHOOHPHQW GHV GLII«UHQFHV SURIRQGHV VHORQ OHV ]RQHV HW OHV «SRTXHV  r ODQ JXH «WUDQJªUH GH FXOWXUH YDULDEOH VHORQ OHV ]RQHV IUDQ©DLV HVSDJQRO

(17)  G XVDJHRUDO HW «FULWGDQV OHV FODVVHV GRPLQDQWHV  r ODWLQ G XVDJH «FULW HW SDUWLHOOHPHQW RUDO DXVVL GDQV OH FOHUJ«  r LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH G XVDJH «FULW GDQV OHVFODVVHV GRPLQDQWHV HQ SDU WLFXOLHU OHV LQWHOOHFWXHOV  r NRLQª GLDOHFWDOH U«JLRQDOH

(18)  IRQG«H VXU OH GLDOHFWH G XQ JURV FHQWUH XUEDLQ HPSOR\«H SDU OHV FODVVHV GRPLQDQWHV GDQV O XVDJH RUDO HW DXVVL MXVTX ¢ XQH FHUWDLQH «SRTXH YDULDEOH VHORQ OHV]RQHV

(19)  GDQV O XVDJH «FULW GHV FKDQFHOO HULHV RX GH OD OLWW«UDWXUH TX RQ SHQVH ¢ OD NRLQª ORPEDUGRY«QLWLHQQH GHV ;,,H ;,,,H VLªFOHV ¢ FHOOH GHV FKDQFHOOHULHV GHV FRXUV GH 0LODQ HW GH 1DSOHV RX DX Y«QL WLHQ ODQJXHRIILFLHOOH GH OD 5«SXEOLTXH GH 9HQLVH

(20)   OD NRLQª ¢ EDVH GLDOHFWDOH «WDLW PRGHO«H VXU O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH HW VXU OH ODWLQ  r GLDOHFWH XUEDLQ FLYLO G XVDJH RUDO GDQV OHV FODVVHV GRPLQDQWHV HW OHV FRXFKHV PR\HQQHV GHV YLOOHV HW G XVDJH «FULW OLWW« UDLUH PRGHO« VXU O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH GLUHFWHPHQW RX SDU OD P«GLDWLRQ GH OD NRLQª GLD OHFWDOH  r GLDOHFWH XUEDLQ SRSXODLUH G XVDJH RUDO GDQV OHV FODVVHVSRSXODLUHV XUEDL.  $UJRWFRUUHVSRQGUDLFL¢O LWDOLHQJHUJRHWG«VLJQHUDQRQ VHXOHPHQWO m DUJRW} SURSUHPHQWGLW ODQJXH GHV PDOIDLWHXUV PDLV DXVVL OHV ODQJXHV VS«FLDOHV GHV PDUFKDQGV DPEXODQWV 1G7

(21)  .

(22) QHV RXYULHUV DUWLVDQV

(23)  IRUWHPHQW LQIOXHQF« SDU OHV UXUDOLVPHV HW OHV DUJRWLVPHV  r GLDOHFWH ORFDO FLYLO G XVDJH RUDO GDQV O DULVWRFUDWLH HW OD FODVVH G DGPLQLVWUDWHXUV HW G DUWLVDQV GHV SHWLWHV YLOOHV LQIOXHQF« SDU OH GLDOHFWH XUEDLQ  r GLDOHFWH ORFDO UXVWL TXHG XVDJH RUDO FKH] OHV SD\VDQV  F HVW OH UHJLVWUH OLQJXLVWLTXH OH SOXV «ORLJQ« GH O LWDOLHQ  r $UJRW XUEDLQ G XVDJH RUDO FKH] OHV PDUJLQDX[ XUEDLQV IRUDLQV FKDQ WHXUV DPEXODQWV PDOIUDWV HWF

(24)  QRWDEOHPHQW LQIOXHQF« SDU O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH  r DUJRW UXUDO G XVDJH RUDO FKH] OHV PDUJLQDX[HW OHV FROSRUWHXUV GHV FDPSDJQHV HW GHV PRQWDJQHV TXL VHIRQGDLW VXUOHV GLDOHFWHVORFDX[ 1RXVSRXYRQVUHFXHLOOLUFHFL HQ XQWDEOHDXTXL SU«VHQWHVRXVIRUPH ULJLGH XQH U«DO LW« OLQJXLVWLTXH TXL GHYDLW ¬WUH WUªV PRELOH  7DEOHDX 9DUL«W«VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH     . 6\VWªPH OLQJXLVWLTXH. 0RGDOLW« ' 86$*(. 8WLOLVDWHXUV. /DQJXH«WUDQJªUH /DWLQ ,WDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH .RLQ«GLDOHFWDOH 'LDOHFWHXUEDLQFLYLO. /DQJXH«WUDQJªUH RUDO «FULW FODVVHVK«J«PRQLTXHV /DWLQ «FULW FOHUJ« ᒫ FODVVHVK«J«PRQLTXHV ,WDOLHQ ᒫ 'LDOHFWH RUDO «FULW ᒫ RUDO FODVVHVK«J«PRQLTXHV HW FRXFKHVPR\HQQHV ᒫ ᒫ   'LDOHFWHXUEDLQSRSXODLUH FODVVHVSRSXODLUHV ᒫ ᒫ  'LDOHFWHORFDO FLYLO DULVWRFUDWLH HWFRXFKHV PR\HQQHV ᒫ ᒫ  'LDOHFWH ORFDOUXVWLTXH SD\VDQV ᒫ  $UJRWXUEDLQ $UJRW PDUJLQDX[ ᒫ ᒫ ᒫ  $UJRWUXUDO  /DQDLVVDQFHGHO LWDOLHQSRSXODLUHXQLWDLUH $X;,;HVLªFOH DYHFODIRUPDWLRQGHO ‹WDWXQLWDLUH O LQVWLWXWLRQGXVHUYLFHPLOLWDLUH QDWLRQDOREOLJDWRLUH ODVFRODULVDWLRQ OHVSURJUªVGXPRXYHPHQWSROLWLTXHHWV\QGLFDOHW GHODGLIIXVLRQGHODSUHVVHFRPPHQFHQWOHVJUDQGVSURFHVVXVVRFLRFXOWXUHOVGRQWO LQWUL FDWLRQPªQHUD¢O XQLILFDWLRQOLQJXLVWLTXHLWDOLHQQHHW¢ODIRUPDWLRQGHO LWDOLHQSRSXODLUH XQLWDLUH  SURFHVVXV HQ DSSDUHQFH K«W«URJªQHV HQ U«DOLW« PXV HW JRXYHUQ«V SDU OHV P¬PHVFDXVHVVRFLR«FRQRPLTXHV  O LQGXVWULDOLVDWLRQ OHG«YHORSSHPHQWGXFDSLWDOLVPH HW OD IRUPDWLRQ GH OD FODVVH RXYULªUH / ,WDOLH FHVVH G ¬WUH XQ SD\V UXUDO HW DX ORQJ G XQ SURFªV GH m PRGHUQLVDWLRQ } HQFRUH HQ FRXUV HOOH FRPPHQFH ¢ GHYHQLU XQ SD\V LQGXVWULHO 4X HVWFH TXHFHOD VLJQLILH VXU OH SODQ OLQJXLVWLTXH " / «FRQRPLH SD\VDQQH TXL D HX VRQ RULJLQH HW VRQ H[SUHVVLRQ OD SOXV DFFRPSOLH ¢ O «SRTXH I«RGDOH G«WHUPLQH OD IUDJPHQWDWLRQ GH ODVRFL«W« HQ GHWUªVQRPEUHXVHVSHWLWHVXQLW«VUXUDOHVLVRO«HV  GDQV XQH VRFL«W« SD\VDQQH OHV EHVRLQV OLQJXLVWLTXHV VRQW OLPLW«V DX[ FRQWDFWV ¢ O LQW«ULHXU GH OD FRPPXQDXW« DORUV TXH OHV FRQWDFWV DYHF O H[W«ULHXUVRQW UDUHV  OD VRFL«W« SD\ VDQQH SURGXLW VXUOH SODQ OLQJXLVWLTXH OHV GLDOHFWHV  FKDTXH ERXUJ FKDTXH FDQWRQ D VDSURSUHODQJXHORFDOH TXLGLIIªUH WRXMRXUV SHX RXSURX GHOD ODQJXHGX ERXUJYRL. .

(25) / LQGXVWULDOLVDWLRQ D SHUPLV GH G«SDVVHU O LVROHPHQW SD\VDQ HW GH FRQFHQWUHU OHV IRUFHVSURGXFWLYHV  PR\HQV GHSURGXFWLRQ HW IRUFH GHWUDYDLO PDFKLQHVHW G KRPPHV /HV XVLQHV QDLVVHQW R» OHVKRPPHV VH UHWURXYHQW SDU FHQWDLQHV SDU PLOOLHUV  OHV FLW«V LQGXVWULHOOHV QDLVVHQW O¢ R» YLYHQW HW WUDYDLOOHQW OHV RXYULHUV SDU GL]DLQHV HW SDU FHQ WDLQHV GH PLOOLHUV / LQGXVWULDOLVDWLRQ HW O XUEDQLVDWLRQ SURGXLVHQW OH G«SODFHPHQW GH JUDQGHVPDVVHVGH SRSXODWLRQ GHOD FDPSDJQH YHUV OD YLOOH GX 0H]]RJLRUQR DX WULDQ JOH LQGXVWULHO 0LODQ7XULQ*¬QHV

(26)  'HVPLOOLRQV G KRPPHVYRQW ¬WUH DUUDFK«V ¢O LV ROHPHQW GH OD YLH SD\VDQQH GH OD YLH GH ERXUJ SRXU ¬WUH MHW«V GDQV O DJLWDWLRQ GH OD YLOOH HW GH O XVLQH &HODHVW ¢ OD VRXUFH GH QRXYHDX[EHVRLQV OLQJXLVWLTXHV TXL SURYR TXHQW OD IRUPDWLRQ G XQ QRXYHO LQVWUXPHQW OLQJXLVWLTXH O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH XQLWDLUH /HV PLOOHGLDOHFWHV ORFDX[ QHVXIILVHQW SOXVSDUFH TXHGDQV OHVYLOOHVHW GDQV OHVXVLQHV VH UHWURXYHQW GHV KRPPHV GH FHQW OLHX[ GLII«UHQWV 8Q LQVWUXPHQW OLQJXLVWLTXH XQL ILDQW DSSDUD°W 'DQVXQ SUHPLHUWHPSV LO RVFLOOH HQWUH O LWDOLHQ HW OH GLDOHFWH XUEDLQ ¢ 0LODQ OHPLODQDLV ¢7XULQOH WXULQRLV HWF

(27)  HQVXLWHO LWDOLHQSUHQGOHGHVVXVFDU VHXOLO SHXW JDUDQWLU OD IRUPDWLRQ G XQ UHJLVWUH OLQJXLVWLTXH QDWLRQDO O LWDOLHQSRSXODLUH QRQ O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH GH OD ERXUJHRLVLH PDLV O LWDOLHQ FRPPHSHXW HW VDLW OHSDUOHU OH SHX SOH O HQVHPEOHGHV FODVVHV VXEDOWHUQHV  LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH XQLWDLUH SDUFH TXHO LQGXV WULDOLVDWLRQ VXUPRQWH OHV EDUULªUHV GHV PDUFK«V ORFDX[ HW DGRSWH XQH VWUXFWXUH QDWLR QDOHHWGRQF SDUFHTX XQHODQJXH QDWLRQDOH HVWOD VHXOHDG«TXDWHDX QLYHDXGHG«YH ORSSHPHQW GH OD VRFL«W« LQGXVWULHOOH /DFODVVH RXYULªUH HVW OH PRWHXU GH ODIRUPDWLRQ GXQRXYHDX UHJLVWUH OLQJXLVWLTXH TXL HVW G XQ XVDJH HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW XUEDLQ 'DQV OHV FDPSDJQHV OHV SD\VDQV FRQWL QXHQW ¢ SDUOHU OH GLDOHFWH VDQV LJQRUHU SRXUWDQW O LWDOLHQ & HVW GDQV OHV YLOOHV GDQV OHV XVLQHV TXHO LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH V HVW IRUP«HW DIILUP« / LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH HVWW«PRLQ HW H[SUHVVLRQ G XQ SURFªVG DFFXOWXUDWLRQ SURIRQG«PHQW GLDOHFWLTXH  SHQGDQWTXHOHV FODVVHV K«J«PRQLTXHV G XQ F¶W« LPSRVHQW O LWDOLHQ DX[ PDVVHV DX PR\HQ GH O «FROH GX VHUYLFH PLOLWDLUH GH ODGPLQLVWUDWLRQ SXEOLTXH LOV LPSRVHQW XQH ODQJXH XQLWDLUH U«SRQGDQWDX[ EHVRLQV GHOD VRFL«W«LQGXVWULHOOHQDLVVDQWH FHUWHV XQ W\SHGLWDOLHQ IR UWHPHQW DSSDXYUL DPSXW« GH OD ULFKHVVH GH OD WUDGLWLRQ OLWW«UDLUH XQ m VRXVSURGXLW } GH O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH F HVW¢GLUH O LWDOLHQ GH O «FROH HW GH OD EXUHDXFUDWLH  G XQ DXWUH F¶W« OHV FODVVHV SRSXODLUHV V HPSDUHQW GH FHW LWDOLHQ OH PRGLILHQW VHORQ OHXUV SURSUHV WUDGLWLRQV OLQJXLVWLTXHV HQ IRQW XQ LQVWUXPHQW OLQJXLVWLTXH SURSUH ¢GHV ILQV K«J«PRQ LTXHV 8QHSXLVVDQWH LPSXOVLRQ ¢O LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ D«W« SURYRTX«HSDU ODSURSDJDQGH SROL WLTXH HW V\QGLFDOH /H G«YHORSSHPHQWHW O LPSODQWDWLRQ GHVRUJDQLVDWLRQV V\QGLFDOHVHW SROLWLTXHV OL«V DX SURFªV G LQGXVWULDOLVDWLRQ HQWUD°QªUHQW XQH SOXV JUDQGH FRQQDLV VDQFH GH O LWDOLHQ HQ SDUWLFXOLHU G XQ LWDOLHQ DFDG«PLTXH JUDQGLORTXHQW UK«WRULTXH /D SURSDJDQGH GHVDJLWDWHXUV VRFLDOLVWHV«WDLW IDLWH HQ ODQJXH LWDOLHQQHHW GH P¬PH OHV MRXUQDX[ HW EXOOHWLQV «WDLHQW U«GLJ«V HQ LWDOLHQ / DFWLYLW« SROLWLTXH HW V\QGLFDOH SUR PXW SXLVVDPPHQW ODGLIIXVLRQGH ODOHFWXUH HW O DOSKDE«WLVDWLRQ /HVFKDQWVSRSXODLUHV ¢ VXMHWV SROLWLTXHV HW V\QGLFDX[ OHV m FKDQWV VRFLDX[ } GLIIXV«V PDVVLYHPHQW DX ;,;HVLªFOH VRQWSUHVTXH WRXMRXUV HQ LWDOLHQ HW FRQWLQXHQWOLQJXLVWLTXHPHQWHW PXVLFD OHPHQW OD WUDGXFWLRQ GHV K\PQHV GX 5LVRUJLPHQWR  FHOD DXVVL W«PRLJQH GX G«SDVVH PHQW GH ODVRFL«W«SD\VDQQH HW GX FRQWDFWFXOWXUHO DXTXHOM DLIDLW DOOXVLRQ SOXVKDXW $XMRXUG KXL HQFRUHO DFWLYLW« SROLWLTXH HW V\QGLFDOH FRQVWLWXH XQ GHV Y«KLFXOHV SULQF LSDX[GHO LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ OLQJXLVWLTXH /D3UHPLªUH*XHUUHPRQGLDOH 

(28)  HW O «PLJUDWLRQGRQQªUHQWXQHLPSXOVLRQ G«FLVLYH DXSURFHVVXV GH O LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ HW GH OD IRUPDWLRQ GH O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH XQL WDLUH / LPSRUWDQFH OLQJXLVWLTXH GH OD *UDQGH *XHUUH HVW IRQGDPHQWDOH HW GRXEOH  G XQ F¶W« HOOH PHW HQ ĕXYUH O LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ GHV JUDQGHV PDVVHV GHSD\VDQVMXVTXHO¢ H[FOXV RX WRXFK«VPDUJLQDOHPHQWSDUOHV SURFHVVXV OLQJXLVWLTXHVHQWUD°Q«V SDU O LQGXV .

(29) WULDOLVDWLRQ GH O DXWUH HOOH FRQWUDLQW SD\VDQV HW RXYULHUV ¢ VH PHVXUHU DYHF <XVDJH «FULWDFWLIGHODODQJXH HW QRQSOXVVHXOHPHQWDYHFO XVDJH WUDGLWLRQQHORUDO / LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH XQLWDLUH SU«VHQWH GHV «O«PHQWV OLQJXLVWLTXHV GH GLII«UHQFLDWLRQ FRQVWLWX«V SDUOHVWUDFHV GXVXEVWUDWGLDOHFWDO HW GHV IDLWVOLQJXLVWLTXHV XQLILDQWV GXV ¢ O «YROXWLRQ LQWHUQH ,O HVW SU«I«UDEOH GH GLVWLQJXHU HQWUH OHV «O«PHQWV OLQJXLVWLTXHV GH GLII«UHQFLDWLRQ HW G XQLILFDWLRQ SOXW¶WTX HQWUHOHV m GLDOHFWDOLVPHV } HW OHVIDLWV G «YR OXWLRQ LQWHUQH GDQV OD PHVXUHR» V LO HVWYUDLTXHOHV«O«PHQWV GH GLII«UHQFLDWLRQ VRQW GXV DX VXEVWUDW GLDOHFWDO WRXV OHV m GLDOHFWDOLVPHV } QH VRQW SDV IDFWHXUVGH GLII«UHQ FLDWLRQ/ «YROXWLRQ LQWHUQH GH O LWDOLHQSRSXODLUH HVW GXHHQ U«DOLW« HOOH DXVVL DXFRQ WDFW OLQJXLVWLTXH HW QRXV \ WURXYRQVXQ OLHXIRQGDPHQWDOGH FRQWDFW DYHFOHVV\VWªPHV GLDOHFWDX[ VRLW HQ XQ VHQV SRVLWLI DYHF O LQWURGXFWLRQ GHV m GLDOHFWDOLVPHV } VRLW HQ XQ VHQV Q«JDWLI ¢ WUDYHUV O LQWURGXFWLRQ GH WUDLWV G K\SHUFRUUHFWLRQ F HVW¢GLUH OH FKRL[ GH OD IRUPH TXL V «ORLJQH OH SOXV GH OD IRUPH GLDOHFWDOH P¬PH ORUVTXH FHOOHFL FR±QFLGH DYHF ODIRUPH LWDOLHQQH OLWW«UDLUH

(30)  'DQVWRXV OHV FDV LO HVW SU«I«UDEOH GH SDU OHUG «YROXWLRQ LQWHUQHHW QRQ ÑLQWHUI«UHQFHTXDQG OHV DSSRUWVH[WHUQHV VRQWXQLIL«VHW LQV«U«V GH ID©RQ VWDEOH GDQV OH V\VWªPH OLQJXLVWLTXH /HV «O«PHQWV GH GLII«UHQFLDWLRQ VRQW VXUWRXW «YLGHQWV DX QLYHDX SKRQ«WLTXHSKRQRORJLTXH WDQGLV TXH OHV IDLWV XQL ILDQWV VH PDQLIHVWHQWHQ SDUWLFXOLHU DX QLYHDXPRUSKRV\QWD[LTXH / LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH SRXUWDQW D FRPPH WRXWH ODQJXH VRQ SURSUH G«YHORSSHPHQW LQWHUQH GDQV OD PHVXUH R» LO VH OLEªUHDXVVLELHQ GH ODEDVHSRSXODLUHTXHGXPRGªOHOLWW«UDLUH G«YHORSSHPHQW TXL VXLWOHV OLJQHV GLUHFWULFHV W\SLTXHV GHV ODQJXHV SRSXODLUHV

(31)  GH <«FRQRPLHHW GH OD U«JXODULW«DQDORJLTXH  / LWDOLHQU«JLRQDO 'HSXLV O 8QLW« OHV P¬PHV SURFHVVXV TXLRQW G«WHUPLQ« GDQV OD FODVVH RXYULªUH OD IRUPDWLRQ G XQ LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUHRQW G«WHUPLQ« GDQVG DXWUHV FRXFKHVVRFLDOHV OD IR UPDWLRQ GHV UHJLVWUHV OLQJXLVWLTXHV GH O LWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO HW GH O LWDOLHQ EXUHDXFUDWLTXH 3DUDGR[DOHPHQW O LWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO LVVX G XQ SURFHVVXV G XQLILFDWLRQ UHSU«VHQWH XQH IUDJPHQWDWLRQ GH O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH /H SDUDGR[H HVW SRXUWDQW VHXOHPHQW DSSDUHQW  O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH VWDQGDUG

(32)  «WDLW XQLWDLUH VHXOHPHQW DX QLYHDX JUDSKLTXH D\DQW HX XQ XVDJHRUDO WUªV OLPLW« FHW XVDJH RUDO «WDLWFHUWDLQHPHQW GLII«UHQFL«U«JLRQDOHPHQW PDLV GH WHOOHV IUDJPHQWDWLRQV Q «WDLHQW SDV VRFLDOHPHQW SHUWLQHQWHV «WDQW GRQQ« TXH FHW XVDJH «WDLW H[WU¬PHPHQW U«GXLW /HV SURFªV G XQLILFDWLRQ «FRQRPLTXH HW SROLWLTXH RQW GLIIXV« ODSUDWLTXHRUDOH GH O LWDOLHQ HW DLQVL OD GLII«UHQFLDWLRQ U«JLRQDOH GXH DX[ GLYHUVHV KDELWXGHV GLDOHFWDOHV DFWLRQV GX VXEVWUDW

(33)  D VXUJL FRPPH XQ SK«QRPªQH LPSRUWDQW $\DQW «W« GLIIXV« SULQFLSDOHPHQWDX PR\HQ GHO «FULW O LWDOLHQ VHGLII«UHQFLH DXVVL U«JLRQDOHPHQW SDUOHV GLYHUVHV SURQRQFLDWLRQV TXH O DPELJX±W« GH OD JUDSKLH LWDOLHQQH D UHQGXHV SRVVLEOHV JUDSKLHGHH R V ]JQ JO VH DEVHQFHGHPDUTXHJUDSKLTXHGXUHGRXEOHPHQWSKRQRV \QWD[LTXH HWF

(34)  3DU H[HPSOH OH V LQWHUYRFDOLTXH TXL VH SURQRQFH FRPPH XQH VRXUGH RX XQHVRQRUHVXLYDQWOHV PRWV ¢ ODEDVHGH O XVDJHIORUHQWLQ

(35)  PDLV TXLV «FULW WRXMRXUV V DLQVL FDVD GHYUDLW VH SURQRQFHU > NDVD@ PDLV URVD GHYUDLW VH SURQRQFHU > UR]D@ WDQGLV TXH GDQV O ,WDOLH VHSWHQWULRQDOH RQ SURQRQFH WRXW HQ VRQRUH > ND]D@HW > ϤϾϤϡ@HW TXHGDQVO ,WDOLHFHQWURP«ULGLRQDOHRQSURQRQFHWRXWHQ VRXUGH > NDVD@HW I URUVD@

(36)  / LWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO VHGLII«UHQFLH GH O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH ODQJXH GHIDQWDVPH HQ FH TXL UHJDUGH OH SDUOHU VRPPH DEVWUDLWH GH UªJOHV

(37)  VXUWRXW DX QLYHDX SKRQ«WLTXH  OHV GLI I«UHQFHV PRUSKRV\QWD[LTXHV VRQW WUªV O«JªUHV DORUV TXHOHV GLII«UHQFHV OH[LFDOHV VRQW SOXV LPSRUWDQWHV HW TX HOOHV SHXYHQW DIIOHXUHU DLQVL GDQV O XVDJH «FULW  SDU H[HPSOH DX PRW WRVFDQ VFRGHOOD m DVVLHWWH FUHXVH } FRUUHVSRQG IRQGLQD GDQV OH QRUG HW SLDWWR .

(38) IRQGR RXSLDWWR ϲϩϱϯ GDQV OH6XG  ¢FLRWROD  m ERO }

(39)  HQ 7RVFDQHFRUUHVSRQGVFRGHOOD GDQV OH 1RUG HW WD]]D GDQV OH 6XG  HWF / LWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO UHIOªWH O XVDJH ORFDO GH O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH XVDJH DFFHSW« FRPPH FRUUHFW HW HQVHLJQ« ¢ O «FROH  (Q SUDWLTXH O LWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO UHSU«VHQWH SRXU OD PDMHXUH SDUWLH GH OD SRSXODWLRQ OD QRUPH FHX[ TXL FRQQDLVVHQW HIIHFWLYHPHQW OD QRUPH OLWW«UDLUH VWDQGDUG HW O DSSOLTXHQW «WDQW WUªV UDUHV HQ SDUWLFXOLHU SRXUFH TXL UHJDUGH OD SURQRQFLDWLRQ

(40)  / XVDJH GH O LWDOLHQ U«JLR QDO HVW GLIIXV« GDQV OHV FODVVHV GRPLQDQWHV KDXWH HW PR\HQQH ERXUJHRLVLH LQWHOOHF WXHOV

(41) 2QSHXWGLVWLQJXHUXQQLYHDX SOXVVXUYHLOO«HPSOR\«¢ O «FULWHWGDQV OD FRQYHU VDWLRQIRUPHOOH HW XQ QLYHDX EDV 9LWDOLHQ GH FRQYHUVDWLRQ FROORTXLDO

(42)  HPSOR\« GH ID©RQ QRQIRUPHOOHGDQV O XVDJHSDUO« UHJLVWUHSURFKH GHO LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH  / LWDOLHQEXUHDXFUDWLTXH / LWDOLHQ EXUHDXFUDWLTXH HVW LVVX GH OD FHQWUDOLVDWLRQ DGPLQLVWUDWLYH LO YLHQW GHV PLQLVWªUHV GHV WULEXQDX[ GHV RIILFHV SXEOLFV GHV GLYHUVHVEUDQFKHV GH O DGPLQLVWUD WLRQ «WDWLTXH ,O HVWQ«GH O «FULW VXUOHPRGªOH GX ODQJDJHMXULGLTXH GRQWLO YRXGUDLW DYRLUOD SU«FLVLRQ HW O XQLYRFLW« PDLVGRQWLO QH SDUYLHQWTX ¢FDOTXHUOD FRPSOH[LW«HW OD EL]DUUHULH 1«DQPRLQV FRPPH O D «FULW 3LHWUR &O7$7, m LO UHFKHUFKH SOXV RX PRLQV FRQVFLHPPHQW XQ LG«DO HVWK«WLTXH $YHFOHV PR\HQV H[SUHVVLIV G XQ DQDOSKDE ªWH LO V HIIRUFH GH U«S«WHU OD GLJQLW« GX FXUVXV ODWLQ } /DQJXH m Q«H HW FXOWLY«H DPRXUHXVHPHQW GDQV OHV DQWLFKDPEUHV GHV PLQLVWUHV GDQV OHV «WXGHV GHV DYRFDWV 

(43)  FDSDEOH G RUQHU OHVSODLGRLULHV GH QRV KRPPHVSROLWLTXHV } 3 &O7$7,

(44)  F HVW OD ODQJXH GHV FLUFXODLUHV DGPLQLVWUDWLYHV GHV UDSSRUWV GH SROLFH GHV DFWHVMXGL FLDLUHV GHV GLVFRXUV RIILFLHOV & HVW XQH ODQJXH FU««H SDU OD SHWLWH ERXUJHRLVLH DGPLQ LVWUDWLYH G RULJLQH FHQWURP«ULGLRQDOH TXL JU¤FH DX WUDQVIHUW ¢ 5RPH GH OD FDSLWDOH 

(45)  D PDVVLYHPHQW RFFXS« O DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ SXEOLTXH HW V HVW LGHQWLIL«H ¢ OD EXUHDXFUDWLH DX[ WULEXQDX[ ¢ OD SROLWLTXH 'H O¢ O LWDOLHQ EXUHDXFUDWLTXH V HVW «WHQGX DX[ MRXUQDX[ HW ¢ O «FROH R» GRPLQH FH TX RQ DSSHOOH τ m LWDOLHQ VFRODLUH } ODQJXH LPLW«H GHV FLUFXODLUHV GH OD KL«UDUFKLH ODQJXH TXL LQGXLW OHV HQVHLJQDQWV ¢ FRUULJHU IDFFLD mYLVDJH }

(46)  HQ YROWR SDVVDUH OH YDFDQ]H m SDVVHU OHV YDFDQFHV }

(47)  HQ WUDVFRUUHUH OH YDFDQ]H HWF / LWDOLHQ EXUHDXFUDWLTXH HVW<DQWLODQJXH G ,WDOR &$/9,12  FDUDFW«ULV«H GX SRLQW GHYXHGXVW\OH SDUOD m WHUUHXUV«PDQWLTXH }m F HVW¢GLUHODIXLWHGHYDQWWRXWYRFDEOH TXL DXUDLW XQ VLJQLIL« SDU OXLP¬PH 

(48)  O LWDOLHQ GH FHOXL TXL QH VDLW SDV GLUH mM DL IDLW } KRIDWWR

(49)  PDLVVHGRLWGHGLUHm M DLHIIHFWX«} KRHIIHWWXDWR

(50)  }$O RULJLQHLO\ D OH UHIXVGXODQJDJH FRXUDQWGX ODQJDJH SDUO«TX RQMXJH LPSU«FLVHW SHXV½U DX SURI LW G XQ ODQJDJHTXL GDQV VHVLQWHQWLRQV GHYDLW¬WUH SOXV SU«FLV REMHFWLIHW HQ TXHOTXH VRUWH m IRUPDOLV« } GH ID©RQ VWDEOH VXLYDQW OH PRGªOH GX ODQJDJHMXULGLTXH / LWDOLHQ EXUHDXFUDWLTXH U«SXJQH ¢ XQH TXHOFRQTXH m FRQWDPLQDWLRQ } SDU OD IRUPH OLQJXLVWLTXH GH O XVDJH SDUO«  OH SULQFLSH GH O K\SHUFRUUHFWLRQ TXL FRQVLVWH ¢ FKRLVLU HQWUH GHX[ IRUPHV FRQFXUUHQWHV FHOOHTXL HVW OD SOXV «ORLJQ«HGH O XVDJH SDUO« HVW DSSOLTX« DYHF ULJXHXU HIIHWWXDUH m HIIHFWXHU }

(51)  HVHJXLUH m H[«FXWHU }

(52)  DX OLHX GHIDUH mIDLUH }

(53)  LO TXDOH m OHTXHO }

(54)  DX OLHXGH FKH m TXL }

(55)  HWF 2QUHQFRQWUH IU«  /DSURQRQFLDWLRQU«JLRQDOHHVWHQVHLJQ«HᒫGDQVODPDMHXUHSDUWLH GHVFDVᒫLQFRQVFLHP PHQW O «FROH LWDOLHQQH Q D\DQW DXFXQH WUDGLWLRQ G HQVHLJQHPHQW GH O RUWKR«SLH /HV HQVHL JQDQWV LQGLYLGXHOOHPHQW LJQRUHQW OD QRUPH SKRQ«WLTXH VWDQGDUG  3LHWUR &O7$7,/ LWDOLDQRVWD GLYHQWDQGR XQJHUJR IXUEHVFR GDQV  *LRUQR GXMDQYLHU  UHSULV GDQV 3$5/$1*(/, 4XHVWLRQH S   ,WDOR &$/9,12 3HU RUD VRPPHUVL GDOO DQWLOLQJXD GDQV  *LRUQR GX  I«YULHU  UHSULV GDQV 3$5/$1*(/, 4XHVWLRQH S   &2/20%2 S  .

(56) TXHPPHQW GHV IRUPXOHV VW«U«RW\S«HV FULVWDOOLV«HV ¢ HQFK¤VVHU GDQV GHV «QRQF«V m PRGXODLUHV } VXLYDQW XQ VW\OH GH IRUPXODLUHV EXUHDXFUDWLTXHV GDQV OHVTXHOV XQH ERQQH SDUWHVWGRQQ«HDX[ G«LFWLTXHVVLJQLILDQWVRXVVLJQ«RX VXVGLW VRWWRVFULWWRSUH GHWWR VXGGHWWR LQIUDVFULWWR VXOORGDWR HWF ‚ O RULJLQH XVDJH DGPLQLVWUDWLI «FULW O LWDOLHQ EXUHDXFUDWLTXH HVW SDVV« DXVVL ¢ O XVDJHRUDOVXLYDQWOHSULQFLSH m SDUOHUFRPPH XQOLYUH } F HVW¢GLUH m SDUOHUFRPPH RQ «FULW } SULQFLSH DEVXUGH GLIIXV« SDU O «FROH ,O HVW IU«TXHQW G HQWHQGUH SDUOHU <DQWLODQJXH GH &$/9,12 VS«FLDOHPHQW PDLV SDV VHXOHPHQW 

(57)  HQ VLWXDWLRQ IRUPHOOH SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW GH OD SDUW GH OD SHWLWH ERXUJHRLVLH GX WHUWLDLUH &HW XVDJH HVW ¢ OD EDVH G XQH SODLVDQWHULH VXU GHX[ JHQGDUPHV UHFHYDQW O RUGUH m GH VH SRUWHU VXU OD SODFH GH OD FDWK«GUDOH HW GH O¢ GH VH SRXVVHU GDQV OD UXH 'DQWH } FH TXL HQ LWDOLHQ QRQEXUHDXFUDWLTXH YHXW GLUH m DOOHU VXU OD SODFH GH OD FDWK«GUDOH HW GH O¢ FRQWLQXHU YHUV OD UXH 'DQWH } / XVDJH GH FH UHJLVWUH OLQJXLVWLTXH V HVW QDWXUHOOHPHQW DFFUX HW FRQVROLG« VRXV OH IDVFLVPH  &ULVHV HW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQV GHVGLDOHFWHV /H SURFªV TXL D DERXWL ¢ OD QDLVVDQFH HW ¢ OD GLIIXVLRQ GH O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH XQL WDLUH DG«WHUPLQ«DXVVLOD U«GXFWLRQ VLPXOWDQ«HGH O XVDJH GHVGLDOHFWHV HW OHXUUDSSUR FKHPHQW SURJUHVVLI GH O LWDOLHQ / LQGXVWULDOLVDWLRQ GX SD\V D SURGXLW XQH U«GXFWLRQ PDVVLYH GHV ORFXWHXUV GLDOHFWDX[ GHV FDPSDJQHV ¢ OD VXLWH GH OD U«GXFWLRQ SURJUHVV LYH GX QRPEUH GHV SD\VDQV  FH SK«QRPªQH HVW VHQVLEOH VXUWRXW GDQV OD VHFRQGH DSUªVJXHUUH 

(58)  DSUªV XQH S«ULRGH GH SDXVH HQWUH OHV GHX[ JXHUUHV  

(59)  IDYRULV«H SDU OD SROLWLTXH UXUDOLVWH GX IDVFLVPH /HV GLDOHFWHV HQ SOXV GX IDLW TX LOV RQW YX VH U«GXLUH VHQVLEOHPHQW OH QRPEUH GH OHXUV ORFXWHXUV RQW VXEL XQ SUR FHVVXV DFF«O«U« G LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ  HQ PLODQDLV SDU H[HPSOH SRXU GLUH VLFXUR m V½U }

(60)  RQ GLW VLFLLLLU >VL N\U@ IRUPH LPLW«H GH O LWDOLHQ SDU UDSSRUW ¢ OD IRUPH G DXWUHIRLV VLJ» WLU >VL J\U@ HQFRUH SU«VHQWH GDQV O XVDJH SOXV SRSXODLUH IRUPH TXL GH VRQ F¶W« «WDLW O LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ SDU UHVWDXUDWLRQ GX U ILQDO GDQV OH GLDOHFWH FHOXLFL WRPEH

(61)  G XQH IRUPH DQW«ULHXUH VLJLL >VL J\@ DWWHVW«H HQFRUH DXMRXUG KXL ¢ OD FDPSDJ QH 3DUHLOOHPHQW GHV «O«PHQWV OLQJXLVWLTXHV QRQ SU«VHQWV DXVVL HQ LWDOLHQ RQW GLV SDUX FRPPH TXHOTXHVSKRQªPV RX OHVRSSRVLWLRQV GH ORQJXHXUVYRFDOLTXHV  GDQV OHV GLDOHFWHV GH OD 9«Q«WLH SDU H[HPSOH ϣHVW UHPSODF« SDU >V@  HQ PLODQDLV OD GLVWLQF WLRQ HQWUH YR\HOOHV ORQJXHV HW EUªYHV HVW HQ U«JUHVVLRQ 2Q REVHUYH XQ SURFHVVXV GH UHVWDXUDWLRQ VXU OD EDVH GX PRGªOH LWDOLHQ DXVVL ELHQ DX QLYHDX SKRQ«WLTXH TX DX QLYHDX OH[LFDO  HQ PLODQDLV ODF  > ODW¯@ m ODLW } LWDOLHQ ODWWH

(62)  HVW UHPSODF« SDU KW > ODW@ HQ ERORJQDLV DUJXªHUG >DU JZ UG@ mUHJDUGH} LWDOLHQ ULJXDUGR

(63)  HVW UHP SODF« SDU ULJXªHUG >UL JZFUUG@  GDQV OHV GLDOHFWHV GH OD 9«Q«WLH SLUµQ >SL URU©@ m IRXUFKHWWH } LWDOLHQ IRUFKHWWD

(64)  HVW UHPSODF« SDU IRUFK«WD >IRU NHWDM HW DLQVL GH VXLWH (Q Y«ULW« O LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ GHV GLDOHFWHV HVW XQ SK«QRPªQH WUªV DQFLHQ GDWDQW GH O «SRTXH P¬PH GH ODIRUPDWLRQ GH ODODQJXH LWDOLHQQH TXL D WRXMRXUV LQIOX« VXU HX[ HQ OHV UHPRGHODQW 4X RQ SHQVH DX FDV GX PLODQDLV TXL DX PRLQVGHSXLV OH;,,,H VLª FOH D SURJUHVVLYHPHQW «OLPLQ« OHV WUDLWV OHV SOXV GLDOHFWDX[ SRXU VH UDSSURFKHU GX PRGªOH LWDOLHQ DYHF O «OLPLQDWLRQ SDU H[HPSOH GH OD P«WDSKRQLH WUªV YLYDQWH DX ;,,H VLªFOH  DYHF OD UHVWLWXWLRQ GX  LQWHUYRFDOLTXH SDVV« ¢ U GDQV OH GLDOHFWH HQFRUHDXG«EXW GX;9,,HVLªFOH RQWURXYH0LUDQ m 0LODQR } ¢F¶W«GH0LODQ

(65)  DYHF O «OLPLQDWLRQGX VRQVJ> @ LQFRQQX GH O LWDOLHQ UHPSODF«SDUJ  >G @ / LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ GX GLDOHFWH HVW WUªV SURIRQGH GDQV OHV ]RQHV R» VH VRQW IRUP«HV OHV NRLQª GLDOHFWDOHV .

(66) U«JLRQDOHV ]RQHV TXH -RKQ 75803(5 D QRPP«HV PDFURGLJORVVLHV /RPEDUGLH HW 9«Q«WLH 3L«PRQW &HQWUH HW 1RUG &DPSDQLH 6LFLOH

(67)  R» O LPSRUWDQFH GH O XVDJH P¬PH SXEOLF GH OD NRLQª GLDOHFWDOH HVW HQFRUH DXMRXUG KXL FRQVLG«UDEOH HW R» RQ WURXYH GHV VXSHUSRVLWLRQV GH IRQFWLRQV HQWUH GLDOHFWHV HW LWDOLHQ 'DQV OD VLWXDWLRQ RSSRV«H R» LO Q \ D SDV HX GH IRUPDWLRQ G XQH NRLQª GLDOHFWDOH RQ D DORUV XQH PLFURGLJORVVLH 3L«PRQW P«ULGLRQDO (PLOLH 5RPDJQH 0DUFKHV &DODEUH

(68)   OHV IRQFWLRQV GH O LWDOLHQ HW GX GLDOHFWH VRQW ELHQ V«SDU«HV  OH GLDOHFWH SDWRLV

(69)  GHVWLQ« XQLTXHPHQW DX[ XVDJHV ORFDX[ HW IDPLOLDX[ HVW PRLQV LQIOXHQF« SDU O LWDOLHQ HW VH PDLQWLHQW GDQV XQH IRUPH WUªV ILJ«H $OEHUWR 0 0O21, VRXOLJQH TXH OD m SXUHW« } GHFH GLDOHFWHHVWLQGLFH G XQH IDLEOH YLWDOLW« G XQ GDQJHU V«ULHX[ G H[WLQF WLRQ HW GH UHPSODFHPHQW SDU O LWDOLHQ DORUV TXHO LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ UHQG SOXV VWDEOHV OHV GLDOHFWHV HQ VLWXDWLRQ GH PDFURGLJORVVLH  OD FDSDFLW« G DGDSWDWLRQ H[FOXW OH GDQJHU LPP«GLDW GH UHPSODFHPHQW SDU O LWDOLHQ  OH GLDOHFWH VXELW SOXW¶W XQH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ SURJUHVVLYH VXU OH PRGªOH LWDOLHQ 4XHOOHV OLJQHV VXLW OH SURFHVVXV G LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ GHV GLDOHFWHV " (Q U«DOLW« QRXV Q DYRQV SDV DIIDLUH VLPSOHPHQW DX UHPSODFHPHQWGHV WUDLWV OLQJXLVWLTXHVQRQ SU«VHQWV HQ LWDOLHQ  FRPPHQW H[SOLTXHU DORUV OD SHUVLVWDQFH GHV VRQVϯ >ϵ@ ϩ >ϴ@ GDQV OHV GLD OHFWHV ORPEDUGV RX OD SHUWH U«FHQWH GH ] >WV@ HQ PLODQDLV VRQ SU«VHQW HQ LWDOLHQ 

(70)  UHPSODF« SDU V >V@  PDLV VXUWRXW FRPPHQW H[SOLTXHU OD YLWDOLW« HW OD IRUFH G H[SDQV LRQ GH FHVWUDLWV GLDOHFWDX[ TXL DX OLHXGHGLVSDUD°WUHHQ WDQWTXHGLII«UHQWVGH O LWD OLHQ S«QªWUHQW WRXW ¢ IDLW GDQV O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH TX RQ SHQVH ¢ OD SURQRQFLDWLRQ ORPEDUGH WLOWR >W\WR@ m WRXW } LWDOLHQ WXWWR

(71)  UDJDVVR >UD JDVVR@ m JDU©RQ } LWDOLHQ UDJD]]R

(72)  " 1RXV YR\RQV GRQF TXH TXHOTXHV GLII«UHQFHV VS«FLILTXHV HQWUH GLDOHFWH HW LWDOLHQ RQW «W« PDLQWHQXHV HW FRQVROLG«HV / LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ GHV GLDOHFWHV VH U«DOLVH QRQ SDV DX PR\HQ G XQH VXEVWLWXWLRQSKRQ«WLTXH FRPSOªWH PDLV SDU OD FRQVWUXFWLRQ G XQ SDUDOO«OLVPH SKRQ«WLTXH DQDORJLTXH VL SRVVLEOH ELXQLYRTXH

(73)  SDU OHTXHO G XQH IRUPH LWDOLHQQH RQ SHXW IDFLOHPHQW SDVVHU ¢XQH IRUPH GLDOHFWDOH HW YLFHYHUVD (Q SUHQDQW SDU H[HPSOH OH PLODQDLV QRXV YR\RQV TXH OH PDLQWLHQ GH LO >\@ HVW SRVVLEOH ¢ O LQW« ULHXUG XQ U«VHDX U«JXOLHUGH FRUUHVSRQGDQFH R» ¢ ϩ >X@ LWDOLHQ FRUUHVSRQG WRXMRXUV LL HQ GLDOHFWH >PXUR > PXUR a >PLLLLU > P\U@ m PXU}

(74)  FRPPH ¢ I LQWHUYRFDOL TXH LWDOLHQ FRUUHVSRQG WRXMRXUV  G  GDQV OH GLDOHFWH ^IUDWHOOR >IUD WHOOR@ aIUDGHO >IUD GHO@ m IUªUH }

(75)  $LQVL HVW QRQ VHXOHPHQW SRVVLEOH GDQV OD OLJQH GX SULQFLSH GH m URWDWLRQ} PDLV HQFRUHQ«FHVVDLUH O «OLPLQDWLRQ GH FHVFKDQJHPHQWVSKRQ«WLTXHVWURS UDGLFDX[ RX LUU«JXOLHUV TXL UHQGHQW LPSRVVLEOH OD FU«DWLRQG XQ V\VWªPH DFWLIGH TXDVL m WUDQVOLWW«UDWLRQ } ‹YLGHPPHQW SRXUDSSOLTXHUXQ VHPEODEOHP«FDQLVPH LO IDXWXQH KRPRJ«Q«LVDWLRQ OH[LFDOH SRXU SDVVHU DFWLYHPHQW GH OD SKRQ«WLTXH LWDOLHQQH ¢ OD SKRQ«WLTXH GLDOHFWDOH LO IDXW TXHOHV EDVHV OH[LFDOHV VRLHQW FRPPXQHV  QRXV DYRQV DLQVL O «OLPLQDWLRQ SURJUHVVLYH GHV W\SHV OH[LFDX[ GLDOHFWDX[ QRQ FRQIRUPHV ¢ O LWDOLHQ VDXI OH PDLQWLHQ GH TXHOTXHV IRUPHV WUªV FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV FRPPH VLJQH GH O DOW«ULW« GLDOHFWDOH

(76)   SDU H[HPSOHHQ PLODQDLV OHWHUPHHUELX >HU EM»@ m SHWLWSRLV } HVWWRPE« HQ G«VX«WXGH UHPSODF« SDUSLVHL >SL ](-@ WUDQVSRVLWLRQ SKRQ«WLTXH GH O LWDOLHQSLVHOOL /H SURFHVVXV GH UHPRGHODJH GHV GLDOHFWHV VXU O LWDOLHQ V HVW JUDQGHPHQW DFFHQWX« DSUªVOD VHFRQGHJXHUUH DYHFODGLIIXVLRQ FDSLOODLUHGHV JUDQGV PR\HQVGH FRPPXQLFDW LRQ GH PDVVH UDGLR W«O«YLVLRQ FLQ«PD SUHVVH

(77)  TXL FRQWULEXHQW GH PDQLªUH G«FLVLYH DX SURFHVVXV G LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ /H SDVVDJH GHV GLDOHFWHV ¢ O LWDOLHQ VXEVWLWXWLRQ

(78)  HW O LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ GHV GLDOHFWHV WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ

(79)  OD QDLVVDQFH HW OD GLIIXVLRQ GH O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH XQLWDLUH GHV LWD  9RLU 75803(5 5LFRVWUX]LRQH  9RLU0O21,$518==2 /DQV]ZHHUWS   0O21,6LWXD]LRQH S  .

(80) OLHQV U«JLRQDX[ GH O LWDOLHQ EXUHDXFUDWLTXH V DFFRPSDJQHQW GH OD PRGLILFDWLRQ GH O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH VWDQGDUG /H SURFHVVXV OLQJXLVWLTXH OH SOXVLPSRUWDQW DXTXHO QRXV DVVLVWRQV HVW SU«FLV«PHQW ODPRGLILFDWLRQ SURJUHVVLYHGH O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH VRXVODSRXVV«H GH O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH TXL WHQG ¢ LPSRVHU VRQ SURSUH XVDJH OLQJXLVWLTXHHW ¢VH SURSRVHU FRPPH IXWXUH ODQ JXH VWDQGDUG / LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH D FRPPH SRLQWGH U«I«UHQFHO LWDOLHQ GHODQRUPH «FULWH ODQJXH YHUV ODTXHOOHWHQG FRPPH YHUV XQ PRGªOH OH ORFXWHXU HW D FRPPH SRLQW GH G«SDUW OHV YLHX[ XVDJHV GLDOHFWDX[ HW DUJRWLTXHV  PDLV O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH HVW HQ WUDLQ GH PRGLILHU SURJUHVVLYHPHQW OD YLHLOOH QRUPH «FULWH /H UDSSRUW FRPSOH[H HQWUH LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH HW GLDOHFWH VHPEOH VH U«VRXGUH GDQV XQH LQWHUDFWLRQ WRX MRXUV SOXV «WURLWH HQWUH OHVGHX[ SUHPLHUVUHJLVWUHV OLQJXLVWLTXHV DYHF XQH PDUJLQDOL VDWLRQ SURJUHVVLYH GX UHJLVWUH GLDOHFWDO  /DGLIIXVLRQ GHV HWKQLFLVPHV OLQJXLVWLTXHV / H[SDQVLRQ GH O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH OL«H ¢ OD FURLVVDQFH GX SRLGV SROLWLTXH GHV FRX FKHV SRSXODLUHV VS«FLDOHPHQW GH OD FODVVH RXYULªUH D SURYRTX« GHV SK«QRPªQHV GH U«DFWLRQ VXU OHSODQOLQJXLVWLTXH HW FXOWXUHOF HVWO DSSDULWLRQ GHVHWKQLFLVPHV OLQJXLVWL TXHV $FWXHOOHPHQW QRXV DVVLVWRQV ¢ GH QRPEUHXVHV WHQWDWLYHV GH U«KDELOLWDWLRQ GX GLD OHFWH ODQJXH m DXWKHQWLTXHPHQW SRSXODLUH } HW m RSSULP«H }  HOOHV VRQWGLULJ«HV FRQ WUHO LWDOLHQ ODQJXH GH O RSSUHVVLRQ ERXUJHRLVH HW V DSSDUHQWHQW DX[ RS«UDWLRQV GH UHODQFH GHV PLQRULW«V HWKQLFROLQJXLVWLTXHV &H UHYLYDO QH QD°W SDV GDQV OHV FRXFKHV SRSXODLUHV LO Q HVW SDV SURSRV« SDU OHV XWLOLVDWHXUV HIIHFWLIV GX GLDOHFWH PDLV LO HVW O H[SUHVVLRQ GH OD U«FXS«UDWLRQ QRVWDOJLTXH GHV WUDGLWLRQV SU«ERXUJHRLVHV GH OD SDUW GHV LQWHOOHFWXHOV SHWLWVERXUJHRLV VS«FLDOHPHQW GH SURYLQFH OL«H ¢GHV U«DOLW«V ORFDOHV REMHFWLYHPHQW PDUJLQDOLV«HV SDU OHV SURFHVVXV GH FHQWUDOLVDWLRQ $ OD ILQ GHVDQQ«HV VRL[DQWH RQ DVVLVWH ¢ XQH H[SORVLRQ GHV HWKQLFLVPHV OLQJXLVWL TXHV /HV SUHPLHUV PRXYHPHQWV GH UHYHQGLFDWLRQ GHV PLQRULW«V OLQJXLVWLTXHV RQW OLHX GDQVOHV ]RQHV S«ULSK«ULTXHV GDQV FHV SRSXODWLRQV TXL SDU OHXU GLII«UHQFH FXOWXU HOOH YUDLH RX SU«VXP«H

(81)  RX SDU XQH WUDGLWLRQ DXWRQRPLVWH DQW«ULHXUH SHXYHQW VH UHFRQQD°WUH XQH TXHOFRQTXH LGHQWLW« m QDWLRQDOH } 6DUGDLJQH YDOO«HV SL«PRQWDLVHV GH ODQJXH RFFLWDQH )ULRXO

(82)  7«PRLJQHQW GH FHWWH SUHPLªUH SKDVH OL«H DX FRQFHSW GH m QDWLRQ } GX VLªFOH GHUQLHU HW GH m SHXSOHQDWLRQ }

(83)  OHV WUDYDX[ GH 6HUJLR 6$/9, 'DQV OHV DQQ«HV  RQ SDVVH ¢ XQH VHFRQGH SKDVH GH SOXV DPSOHV UHYHQGLFDWLRQV m ORFDOLVWHV } GRQW VRQW W«PRLQV SULQFLSDOHPHQW OHV WUDYDX[ GX VRFLRORJXH FDWKROLTXH 8OGHULFR %(51$5',

(84)   O DXWRQRPLH OLQJXLVWLTXH HW FXOWXUHOOH HVW UHYHQGLTX«H SRXU FKDTXH m FRPPXQDXW« } GRQF SRXU WRXW GLDOHFWH DIIURQW« DX G«ERUGHPHQW G XQ LWD OLHQ GH PDVVH GHVWUXFWHXU GH WRXWHVOHV SDUWLFXODULW«V ORFDOHV (Q ,WDOLH XQ SURFHVVXV G XQLILFDWLRQ «FRQRPLTXH FXOWXUHOOH FLYLOHHW OLQJXLVWLTXH HVW HQ WUDLQ GH VH G«YHORS SHU DYHF XQH DFF«O«UDWLRQ SURJUHVVLYH &H SURFHVVXV SURYRTXH GHX[ U«DFWLRQV GLYHU VHV  O XQH WRXUQ«H YHUV O DYHQLU FRQVLGªUH OD FODVVH FRPPH FRQWUDGLFWLRQ SULQFLSDOH  O DXWUH WRXUQ«H YHUV OH SDVV« 9HWKQLH ,O \ DGRQF XQH U«SRQVH TXL QH SDVVH SDV SDU OHV RSSRVLWLRQV GH FODVVHV PDLVSDU O DJU«JDWLRQLQWHUFODVVLVWH DXWRXUGH YDOHXUVIRUPHOOHV HW PDO IRQG«HV

(85)  WHOOHV TXH UDFH ODQJXH QDWLRQ HWKQLH /D OXWWH VH G«YHORSSHUDLW HQWUH XQH ODQJXH HW XQH HWKQLH HQ EORF H[SORLW«V HW H[SORLWHXUVHQVHPEOH

(86)  FRQWUH XQHDXWUH ODQJXH HW XQHDXWUH HWKQLH HOOHV DXVVL SULVHV HQ EORF /D VLWXDWLRQ GH J¬QH DLJX­ Y«FXH SDU OHVFRXFKHV PR\HQQHV HW HQ SDUWLFXOLHU SDU FHOOHV GHV DLUHV PDUJLQDOHV VH PDQLIHVWH GDQV XQH WHQWDWLYHGH U«FXS«UDWLRQGX SDVV« .

(87) GHV YDOHXUV FXOWXUHOOHV WUDGLWLRQQHOOHV WHOOHV TXH OH GLDOHFWH OD m FRPPXQDXW« } OH IRONORUH OHV WUDGLWLRQV K«U«GLWDLUHV WRXWHV FKRVHV ERXVFXO«HV SDUOD FLYLOLVDWLRQ LQGXVW ULHOOH YXH FRPPH XQ PRQVWUH RPQLYRUH TXL XQLILH WRXW HW G«WUXLW WRXW /HVYDOHXUV¢U«FXS«UHUQHVRQW SDV OHVYDOHXUVWUDGLWLRQQHOOHVSURSUHVDX[FRXFKHV PR\HQQHV PDLV OHV YDOHXUV SD\VDQQHV F HVW¢GLUH FHOOHV G XQH DXWUH FODVVH G«VRU PDLVG«SDVV«HSDU OH G«YHORSSHPHQW GHVUDSSRUWV VRFLDX[ TXL HVWDGRSW«H m LG«RORJL TXHPHQW } FRPPH V\PEROH G XQH VRFL«W« ¢ UHVWDXUHU FRQWUH OD VRFL«W« DFWXHOOH  /DVLWXDWLRQ VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXHLWDOLHQQH 

(88)  $XWHUPHGH FHSDQRUDPD TXHQRXV DYRQVHVTXLVV«QRXV SRXYRQVHVVD\HU GHGHVVL QHU OH WDEOHDX GH OD VLWXDWLRQ VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH DFWXHOOH 

(89)  GH OD FRQIURQWHU DYHF FHOOHGH G«SDUW SURSRV«H DX HU SDUDJUDSKH HQ DYHUWLVVDQW TXHFHOOHFL FRPPH FHOOH O¢ Q HVW TXHO H[WU¬PH VLPSOLILFDWLRQ HW OD ULJLGLILFDWLRQ G XQH U«DOLW« WUªV PRELOH HW FRPSOH[H /HV S¶OHV OLQJXLVWLTXHVIRQGDPHQWDX[ GH O LWDOLHQ QRUPDWLI LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH RX U«JLRQDO

(90)  GX GLDOHFWH HW GH O DUJRW QH VRQW SDV DVVXP«V GDQV OHXU LQW«JULW«SOHLQH HW DEVWUDLWH PDLV OHVORFXWHXUV DFWXDOLVHQW FHV V\VWªPHV GDQVWRXWH XQH V«ULH GH YDUL«W «V F HVW¢GLUHGHQLYHDX[ GHU«DOLVDWLRQHW G LQW«JUDWLRQ G«SHQGDQWGHV FDSDFLW«VOL QJXLVWLTXHV GX ORFXWHXU GX FRQWH[WH GH OD Q«FHVVLW« VRFLDOH HW GHV EHVRLQV H[SUHVVLIV /DU«DOLW«VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH LWDOLHQQHSHXW ¬WUH VHJPHQW«H GDQVVHVOLJQHV HVVHQWLHOO HV HQ VHL]H YDUL«W«V /H ORFXWHXU D OD FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GH FHUWDLQHV YDUL«W«V LO Q D TXHOD FRPS«WHQFHSDVVLYHG DXWUHV HW LO Q HQ D DXFXQH G DXWUHVHQFRUH F HVW OH FDV SRXU XQH ODUJH SDUWLH GH OD SRSXODWLRQ GHV YDUL«W«V DUJRWLTXHV

(91)  /HV YDUL«W«V LVRO«HV QH GRLYHQW DEVROXPHQW SDV ¬WUH HQWHQGXHV GH ID©RQ ULJLGH  FH VRQW GHV DEVWUDFWLRQV XWLOHV¢ODGHVFULSWLRQGHO DUWLFXODWLRQGHO XVDJHOLQJXLVWLTXHTXLFRQFUªWHPHQWVHVLWXH DXQLYHDXGHFHVYDUL«W«VFRPPHDX[QLYHDX[LQWHUP«GLDLUHV  OHVSDVVDJHVG XQHYDUL«W« ¢ O DXWUHHQ FRXUVGH FRQYHUVDWLRQ GXV SULQFLSDOHPHQW ¢GHV PRWLYDWLRQV H[SUHVVLYHV

(92)  QH VRQWSDV UDUHV /H FKRL[GH ODYDUL«W« HVW G«WHUPLQ« SDU O LQWHUORFXWHXU TXDQG LO HVW LPSRVVLEOH G XWLOLVHU XQH YDUL«W« FRPPXQH OH ORFXWHXU IDLW XVDJH GH OD YDUL«W« OD SOXVSURFKH GHFHOOH GH O DOORFXWDLUH  OHV LQWHUORFXWHXUV RQWXQH FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYHGH OHXU SURSUH YDUL«W« HW XQH FRPS«WHQFH SDVVLYH GH OD YDUL«W« GH O DOORFXWDLUH &HWWH VLWXDWLRQ VH Y«ULILH WUªV IU«TXHPPHQW ¢ O RFFDVLRQ GHV LQWHUDFWLRQV HQWUH ORFXWHXUV GH JURXSHVVRFLDX[GLII«UHQWVRXHQWUH ORFXWHXUVG DLUHVJ«RJUDSKLTXHVGLII«UHQWHV 

(93) ,WDOLHQ DQJOLFLV« RX DQJORLWDOLHQ

(94)   YDUL«W«DXWDQW RUDOHTX «FULWH FDUDFW«ULV«HSDU GHVSK«QRPªQHV G LQWHUI«UHQFHVDYHF O DQJODLVHW SDU XQHIRUWH SU«VHQFH GDQV OH OH[L TXH G DQJOLFLVPHVHW GHWHUPHVGXOH[LTXHHXURS«HQVDYDQW 8WLOLV«SDUODKDXWH ERXU JHRLVLH TXL D GHV FRQWDFWV LQWHUQDWLRQDX[ HW SDU OHV PDQDJHUV LO WHQG ¢ VH GLIIXVHU FKH] OHV HPSOR\«V GH O LQGXVWULH HW FKH] OHV MRXUQDOLVWHV 6LJQH GH O LQW«JUDWLRQ SUR JUHVVLYH GH O LWDOLHQ GDQVOH V\VWªPHFXOWXUHOPRQGLDOGX Q«RFDSLWDOLVPH LO SHXW UHSU« VHQWHU XQH GHV IXWXUHVOLJQHV GH G«YHORSSHPHQW GH OD ODQJXH 

(95) ,WDOLHQOLWW«UDLUH VWDQGDUG

(96)  ODQJXHGH O XVDJH OLWW«UDLUH FRGLIL«HSDUOD JUDPPDLUH HW OHVPDQXHOV GH SURQRQFLDWLRQ HOOH HVWSUHVTXH FRPSOªWHPHQW OLPLW«H ¢O XVDJH «FULW HW HOOH HVWHQ WUDLQ GDQVFH GRPDLQH GHSHUGUH GXWHUUDLQ DX SURILW GH O LWDOLHQ U«JLR QDO HW GH O LWDOLHQ EXUHDXFUDWLTXH (PSOR\«H SDU OD KDXWH ERXUJHRLVLHHW SDU OHV LQWHO OHFWXHOV HOOH UHSU«VHQWH OD QRUPH OLQJXLVWLTXH GH GURLW 

(97) ,WDOLHQ U«JLRQDO LO UHSU«VHQWH OD QRUPH OLQJXLVWLTXH VWDQGDUG

(98)  GH IDLW &RPPH QRXV O DYRQV YX DX SDUDJUDSKH  F HVW OD U«DOLVDWLRQ FRQFUªWH GH O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH  /H VRFLRORJXH )UDQFHVFR $/%(521, D U«FHPPHQW SURSRV«G DEDQGRQQHU O XVDJH GH O LWD OLHQ DX SURILW GHO DQJODLV .

(99) GDQVO XVDJHRUDO IRUPHO HW G«VRUPDLVGDQVXQH ODUJHPHVXUH DXVVL GDQV O XVDJH «FULW ,OSU«VHQWH GHVYDULDQWHV ORFDOHV J«Q«UDOHPHQW U«JLRQDOHV

(100)  VXUWRXWDX QLYHDX SKRQ«WL TXH HW OH[LFDO PRLQV DX QLYHDX PRUSKRV\QWD[LTXH /HV YDULDQWHV SHUPHWWHQW HQ TXHOTXH VRUWH XQH LQWHUFRPSU«KHQVLRQ V½UHHW GRQQHQWHQ RXWUH ODSRVVLELOLW« VXUWRXW GDQV O XVDJH RUDO EHDXFRXS PRLQV ¢ O «FULW

(101)  G LGHQWLILHU O RULJLQH J«RJUDSKLTXH GH O LQWHUORFXWHXU ,O HVW HPSOR\« SDU OD ERXUJHRLVLH HW OHV LQWHOOHFWXHOV 

(102) ,WDOLHQ m FROORTXLDO}  F HVW OD U«DOLVDWLRQ RUDOH FRXUDQWH HW LQIRUPHOOH GH O LWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO /HV ORFDOLVPHV SKRQ«WLTXHV HW OH[LFDX[ HW VXUWRXW OHV G«YLDQFHV V\QWD[LTXHV SDU UDSSRUW¢ OD QRUPH OLWW«UDLUH \ VRQW DFFHQWX«V  GH FH SRLQW GH YXH O LWDOLHQ m GH FRQYHUVDWLRQ } VH UDSSURFKH GHO LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH / XVDJHGHFHWWH YDUL«W« HVWSU«VHQW GDQV GH ODUJHV FRXFKHV TXL YRQWGH OD ERXUJHRLVLH DX[ FRXFKHV PR\HQQHV 

(103) ,WDOLHQ EXUHDXFUDWLTXH F HVW OD YDUL«W« RUDOH «JDOHPHQW PDLV SULQFLSDOHPHQW «FULWH LOOXVWU«H DX SDUDJUDSKH  (PSOR\«H SDU OHV FRXFKHV PR\HQQHV GX WHUWLDLUH VXUWRXW GH OD IRQFWLRQ SXEOLTXH

(104)  F HVW OH PRGªOH GH O LWDOLHQ QRUPDOHPHQW SURSRV« SDU OHV HQVHLJQDQWV ¢ O «FROH 

(105) ,WDOLHQ SRSXODLUH XQLWDLUH

(106)  YDUL«W« LOOXVWU«H DX SDUDJUDSKH  HOOH HVW GLIIXV«H GDQV OHV FODVVHV SRSXODLUHV VS«FLDOHPHQW GDQV OD FODVVH RXYULªUH

(107)  &RPPH OHV WURLV YDUL«W«V SU«F«GHQWHV LWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO m GH FRQYHUVDWLRQ } EXUHDXFUDWLTXH

(108)  HOOH SU« VHQWH GHV YDULDWLRQV U«JLRQDOHV SKRQ«WLTXHV HW OH[LFDOHV PDLV VXUWRXW XQH GLYHUVLW« V\QWD[LTXH QRWDEOH SDU UDSSRUW ¢ OD QRUPH (Q UDLVRQ GH OD WHQGDQFH ¢ O «FRQRPLH G XQH SDUW HW GH O LQFHUWLWXGH FRQWLQXHOOH HQ FH TXL FRQFHUQH OD QRUPH G DXWUH SDUW O LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUH HVW VXMHW ¢WRXV OHV W\SHV G LQIOXHQFH HW GH SUHVVLRQ  GH OD SDUWGH O LWDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUH HW DFDG«PLTXH VHQWL FRPPHSOXV m QREOH } HW SOXV SURFKH G XQ LWD OLHQ TX RQQHSRVVªGH SDVELHQ PDLV DXTXHO RQ WLHQW GH OD SDUWGHV ODQJDJHV VS«FLDO LV«V  EXUHDXFUDWLTXHV SROLWLTXHV V\QGLFDX[ WHFKQLTXHV SXEOLFLWDLUHV UDGLR W«O«YLVXHOV  GH OD SDUW GX GLDOHFWH GX ORFXWHXU TXL DIIOHXUH FRQWLQXHOOHPHQW HW Q HVW SDV WRXMRXUV FRQWU¶O«QL FRQWU¶ODEOH  GH OD SDUW GHV GLDOHFWHV GLYHUV DYHF OHVTXHOV RQ HQWUH HQ FRQWDFWGHV DUJRWV GHVMDUJRQV GHVPRWV«WUDQJHUV ' XVDJHSULQFLSDOHPHQW RUDO RQ HQ D «WXGL« VXUWRXW GHV SHUIRUPDQFHV «FULWHV OHWWUHV HW MRXUQDX[ G LOOHWWU«V

(109)  TXL UHSU«VHQWHQW XQ XVDJH TXDQWLWDWLYHPHQW PDUJLQDO PDLV DQWKURSRORJLTXHPHQW DVVH] SHUWLQHQW 

(110) ,WDOLHQ GLDOHFWDO F HVWOD U«DOLVDWLRQ GHO LWDOLHQ SRSXODLUHGH ODSDUWGX VXMHW IRUW HPHQW GLDOHFWRSKRQH Q D\DQW TXH SHX GH IDPLOLDULW« DYHF O XVDJH GH OD ODQJXH LW DOLHQQH / LQWHUI«UHQFH GLDOHFWDOH HVWWUªVIRUWH & HVW XQH YDUL«W« SULQFLSDOHPHQW RUDOH XWLOLV«H SDU OHV FODVVHV SRSXODLUHV 

(111) ,WDOLHQGLDOHFWH  YDUL«W« FDUDFW«ULV«H SDU OH SDVVDJH FRQWLQXHO GH O H[SUHVVLRQ LW DOLHQQH ¢ O H[SUHVVLRQ GLDOHFWDOH SDU OD SURGXFWLRQ FRQWLQXHOOH G «QRQF«V HQ m ODQJXH PL[WH } OL«H ¢ GHV PRWLYDWLRQVVW\OLVWLTXHV DX VHQV ODUJH HW DXVVL ¢O LQFDSDFLW« HIIHF WLYHGH PDLQWHQLU OH GLVFRXUV HQ LWDOLHQ ,O HVW SU«VHQW VXUWRXW GDQV OHV VLWXDWLRQV GH PDFURGLJORVVLH SDUDJUDSKH 

(112)  GDQV O XVDJH RUDO GHV FODVVHV SRSXODLUHV 

(113) 'LDOHFWH LWDOLDQLV« YDUL«W« H[FOXVLYHPHQWRUDOH SURSUH DX[FODVVHV SRSXODLUHV GHV JUDQGHV YLOOHV LO UHSU«VHQWH XQHWUªVIRUWH LWDOLDQLVDWLRQ GXGLDOHFWH RXPLHX[ XQ WU DYHVWLV HPHQW GLDOHFWDO GH O LWDOLHQ DX QLYHDX SKRQ«WLTXH RS«U« VHORQ OH U«VHDX GH SDUDOO«OLVPHV SKRQ«WLTXHV GRQW LO D «W« TXHVWLRQ DX SDUDJUDSKH 

(114)   TX RQ FRQVLGªUH SDU H[HPSOH OHV IRUPHV XWXP¶ELO >XWX P'°ELO@ m DXWRPRELOH } LWDOLHQ DXWRPRELOH

(115)  VHSDUDVL» >V«SDUD VM½@ m V«SDUDWLRQ } LWDOLHQ VHSDUD]LRQH

(116)  GLULJ«W >GLUL JHLW@ m GLU LJHDQW } LWDOLHQ GLULJHQWH

(117)  GX PLODQDLV LWDOLDQLV« 

(118) .RLQª GLDOHFWDOH U«JLRQDOH

(119)  YDUL«W« OLQJXLVWLTXH SU«VHQWH VHXOHPHQW GDQV OHV VLWXDWLRQV GHPDFURGLJORVVLH SDUDJUDSKH 

(120)  ¢ O RULJLQH GH OD GLIIXVLRQ VXU XQH DLUH .

(121) YDVWH GH O XVDJH GLDOHFWDO G XQ JUDQG FHQWUH DYHF «YHQWXHOOHPHQW TXHOTXHV O«JªUHV PRGLILFDWLRQV 'H IRUWHV LQWHUI«UHQFHV DYHF O LWDOLHQ \ VRQW SU«VHQWHV TXL VRQW DXVVL WUªVDQFLHQQHV SDUDJUDSKH 

(122)  /HFDV OHSOXV «YLGHQWHVWSU«VHQW«SDU OHGLDOHFWH FRP PXQ GH 9«Q«WLH D\DQW SRXU EDVH OH Y«QLWLHQ / XVDJH HVW RUDO O «FULW HVW OLPLW« DX VW\OH OLWW«UDLUH HPSOR\« SDU OHVSRªWHV GLDOHFWDX[

(123)  DYHFGHV YDULDWLRQV QRWDEOHV VHORQ OHV ]RQHV HQ FH TXL FRQFHUQH OHV IRQFWLRQV HW OH PLOLHX VRFLRORJLTXH  FHOD YD GH OD ERXUJHRLVLH 9«Q«WLH

(124)  DX[ FRXFKHV PR\HQQHV HW DX[ FRXFKHV SRSXODLUHV 

(125) 'LDOHFWH XUEDLQ SURYLQFLDO

(126)   GLDOHFWH GHV FHQWUHV XUEDLQV JUDQGV RX PR\HQV HW GHV WHUULWRLUHV TXL HQ G«SHQGHQW F HVW OH SOXV LWDOLDQLV« GHV GLDOHFWHV ORFDX[ ,O HVW G XQ XVDJH RUDO O «FULW HVW OLPLW« DX VW\OH OLWW«UDLUH

(127)  GLIIXV« ᒫ DYHF GHV YDULDWLRQV VHORQ OHV]RQHV ᒫ GDQVOHV FRXFKHVPR\HQQHV HW OHV FODVVHV SRSXODLUHV ,O H[LVWHDXVVL XQXVDJH DULVWRFUDWLTXHUHVWUHLQWGXGLDOHFWH XUEDLQ IDPLOOHVQREOHV SURSUL«WDLUHVWHU ULHQV

(128)  RULHQW«YHUVOH VW\OH OLWW«UDLUHDUFKD±TXH HQ RSSRVLWLRQ DYHF OD SUHVVLRQ H[HUF«H SDU O LWDOLHQ HW DYHF OH GLDOHFWH GHV FODVVHV SRSXODLUHV HW GHV LPPLJU«V 

(129) 'LDOHFWH ORFDO FLYLO  GLDOHFWH GHV SHWLWV FHQWUHV LQIOXHQF« SDU O LWDOLHQ HW SDU OH GLDOHFWH XUEDLQ LO D XQ HPSORL RUDO «FULW VHXOHPHQW GDQV OH VW\OH OLWW«UDLUH

(130)  GDQV OHV FRXFKHV PR\HQQHV GHV SHWLWHV YLOOHV 

(131) 'LDOHFWH ORFDO UXVWLTXH  F HVW OD IRUPH GX GLDOHFWH OD SOXV «ORLJQ«H GH O LWDOLHQ SOXV FRQVHUYDWULFH H[FOXVLYHPHQW RUDOH XWLOLV«H SDU OHV SD\VDQV 

(132) $UJRW LWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO

(133)   YDUL«W« U«JLRQDOH GH O DUJRW LWDOLHQ FRPPXQ G XVDJH H[FOXVLYHPHQW RUDO SULQFLSDOHPHQWFKH] OHV SULVRQQLHUV OHVG«OLQTXDQWV OHVPDOIUDWV OHV IRUDLQV 

(134) $UJRW GLDOHFWDO XUEDLQ  DUJRW EDV« VXU OH GLDOHFWH XUEDLQ G XVDJH RUDO FKH] OHV FODVVHV GH PDUJLQDX[ GHV YLOOHV 

(135) $UJRW GLDOHFWDOUXVWLTXH  DUJRW EDV« VXU OHVGLDOHFWHV ORFDX[ G XVDJHRUDOFKH]OHV FROSRUWHXUV GH OD FDPSDJQH HW GH OD PRQWDJQH 1RXV SRXYRQV UDVVHPEOHU HQ XQ WDEOHDX OHV OLJQHV IRQGDPHQWDOHV GH FHW H[SRV« WDEOHDX 

(136)  /H VFK«PD SURSRV« UHSU«VHQWH XQH DEVWUDFWLRQ PD[LPXP TXL FRXYUH GHV VLWXD WLRQV SDUWLFXOLªUHV J«RJUDSKLTXHV HW VRFLDOHV

(137)  WUªV GLYHUVHV DXVVL 2Q Q D SDV PLV HQ «YLGHQFH ODGLII«UHQFH IRQGDPHQWDOH HQWUH O XVDJH GHV ]RQHV VDQV LPPLJUDWLRQ RULHQW« YHUV GHV GLDOHFWHV KRPRJªQHV HW O XVDJH GHV ]RQHV G LPPLJUDWLRQ VXUWRXW O DLUH GX WULDQJOH LQGXVWULHO 7XULQ0LODQ*¬QHV

(138)  R» VH VXSHUSRVHQW OHV WUDGLWLRQV GLDOHFWDOHV WUªV GLII«UHQWHV DSSRUW«HV SDU OHV LPPLJU«V (Q RXWUH LO IDXW WHQLU FRPSWH GHV VW\OHV IRUPHO LQIRUPHO OLWW«UDLUH HWF

(139)  TXL HQ SDUWLH FR±QFLGHQW DYHF OHV YDUL«W«V O LWDOLHQ m GH FRQYHUVDWLRQ } SHXW¬WUH FRQVLG«U« FRPPH OH VW\OH LQIRUPHO GH O LWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO

(140)  HQ SDUWLH QRQ  OH GLDOHFWH XUEDLQ SDU H[HPSOH D XQ VW\OH IRUPHO OH SOXV «OHY«

(141)  XQ VW\OH LQIRUPHO OHSOXV SRSXODLUH

(142)  HW XQVW\OH OLWW«UDLUH DUFKD±VDQW XWLOLV«SDU OHV SRªW HV GLDOHFWDX[

(143)  /H FKRL[ TXL QRXV FRQGXLW ¢ FRQVLG«UHU O LWDOLHQ m GH FRQYHUVDWLRQ } FRPPH XQH YDUL«W« HW QRQ FRPPH XQ VLPSOH VW\OH HVW OL« ¢ XQH YDORULVDWLRQ LPSRU WDQWHG XQ SRLQW GH YXH VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH (Q O DEVHQFH GH UHFKHUFKHVHPSLULTXHV OH FULWªUHGHMXJHPHQW VXEMHFWLIIRUPXO«VXU OD EDVH GH O H[S«ULHQFHHW GH OD VHQVLELOLW« GX OLQJXLVWH SU«YDXW /HV VHL]H YDUL«W«V «QXP«U«HV QH VRQW SDV WRXWHV VXU OH P¬PH SODQ 8Q FKRL[ DXVVL ODUJH VH SURSRVH GH UHQGUH FRPSWH G XQ XVDJH VRFLDO GH OD ODQJXH WUªV ULFKH HW GLII« UHQFL« 1«DQPRLQV FHUWDLQHV YDUL«W«V GRLYHQW ¬WUH FRQVLG«U«HV HQ SUHPLHU UDQJ FH VRQW OHV UHJLVWUHV VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXHV DXWRXU GHVTXHOV V DJUªJHQW OHV YDUL«W«V OLQJXLVW LTXHV VHFRQGDLUHV /HV UHJLVWUHV VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXHV VRQW GLUHFWHPHQWSURGXLWV SDU XQH FODVVH VRFLDOH HW SHXYHQW V DUWLFXOHU HQ SOXVLHXUV YDUL«W«V .

(144) 7$%/($8  /HV YDUL«W«V GH  ¢  V\VWªPH LWDOLHQGLDOHFWH

(145)  HW GH  ¢  V\VWªPH DUJRWLTXH

(146)  VRQW RUGRQQ«HV G XQ PD[LPXP G XQLW« ¢ XQ PD[LPXP GH GLYHUVLW«  FKDTXHYDUL«W«VXFFHVVLYH\ LPSOLTXH OHV ORFDOLVPHVGHOD YDUL«W«SU«F«GHQWH 9DUL«W«VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH    . ,WDOLHQ DQJOLFLV« ,WDOLHQ OLWW«UDLUHVWDQGDUG ,WDOLHQ U«JLRQDO ,WDOLHQ m FROORTXLDO }.  ,WDOLHQEXUHDXFUDWLTXH  ,WDOLHQ SRSXODLUH XQLWDLUH

(147) . 6\VWªPH 0RGDOLW« OLQJXLVWLTXH ' 86$*( ,WDOLHQ ᒫ ᒫ ᒫ. RUDO «FULW «FULW RUDO «FULW RUDO. ᒫ ᒫ. RUDO «FULW RUDO.    . ,WDOLHQ GLDOHFWDO ,WDOLHQGLDOHFWH 'LDOHFWHLWDOLDQLV« .RLQªGLDOHFWDOH U«JLRQDOH

(148) . ᒫ 0L[WH 'LDOHFWH ᒫ. ᒫ ᒫ ᒫ ᒫ.    . 'LDOHFWHXUEDLQ SURYLQFLDO

(149)  'LDOHFWHORFDO FLYLO 'LDOHFWHORFDO UXVWLTXH $UJRWLWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO

(150) . ᒫ ᒫ ᒫ $UJRW. ᒫ ᒫ ᒫ ᒫ. ᒫ ᒫ. ᒫ ᒫ.  $UJRWGLDOHFWDO XUEDLQ  $UJRWGLDOHFWDOUXVWLTXH. 8WLOLVDWHXUV ERXUJHRLVLH ᒫ ᒫ ERXUJHRLVLH FRXFKHV PR\HQQHV FRXFKHVPR\HQQHV FODVVHVSRSXODLUHV FRXFKHVPR\HQQHV FODVVHVSRSXODLUHV ᒫ ᒫ FODVVHV SRSXODLUHV FRXFKHVPR\HQQHV ᒫ ᒫ SD\VDQV FODVVHVGH QDX[ ᒫ ᒫ. 1RXV SRXYRQV GRQF UHIRUPXOHU OH WDEOHDX FLGHVVXV FRQVLG«UDQW OHV VHXOV UHJLV WUHVVRFLROLQJXLVWLTXHV WDEOHDX S VXLY

(151)  /D G«WHUPLQDWLRQ GHV U«SHUWRLUHV OLQJXLVWLTXHV ¢ OD GLVSRVLWLRQ GHV ORFXWHXUV GHV GLII«UHQWHV FODVVHV VRFLDOHV Q HVW SDV IDFLOH 8QH SUHPLªUH LQGLFDWLRQ VRPPDLUH HVW RIIHUWH SDU OH WDEOHDX  2Q JDUGHUD SU«VHQW ¢ O HVSULW TX XQH SDUWLH GH SOXV HQ SOXV LPSRUWDQWH GHV ORFXWHXUV LWDOLHQV VS«FLDOHPHQW GDQV OHV JUDQGHV FLW«V LJQRUH OH GLD OHFWH SRVVªGH O LWDOLHQ FRPPH XQLTXH LQVWUXPHQWOLQJXLVWLTXH HW FRQVWLWXH SRXUWDQW OD VWUDWH OLQJXLVWLTXH OD SOXV SDXYUH GH OD VRFL«W« /H VFK«PD SURSRV« SRXU LOOXVWUHU OD VLWXDWLRQ VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH LWDOLHQQH HVWPDOKHXUHXVHPHQW VWDWLTXH 3RXURIIULU XQ «O «PHQW G DQDO\VH G\QDPLTXH GX SDVVDJH GX GLDOHFWH ¢ O LWDOLHQ RQ SHXW SURSRVHU TXHO TXHV H[HPSOHV WUªV VLPSOLIL«V GHV UDSSRUWV OLQJXLVWLTXHVHQWUH OHV GLII«UHQWHV J«Q«UDW LRQVHQ DGDSWDQW OH VFK«PD GH 0O21,Ϫ  $

(152)  =RQH XUEDLQH KDXWHPHQW LQGXVWULDOLV«H FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GX GLDOHFWH *UDQGVSDUHQWV FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GH O LWDOLHQ

(153)  FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GX GLDOHFWH ? 3DUHQWV FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GH O LWDOLHQ

(154)  (QIDQWV. FRPS«WHQFH SDVVLYH GX GLDOHFWH  FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GH O LWDOLHQ. GLDOHFWH LWDOLHQ.  9RLU 0LRQL$UQX]]R/DQV]ZNNNW S  .

(155) 7$%/($8 5HJLVWUH VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH. 9DUL«W« VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH ,WDOLHQDQJOLFLV« ,WDOLHQOLWW«UDLUH ,WDOLHQU«JLRQDO ,WDOLHQ m FROORTXLDO}. 6\VWªPH OLQJXLVWLTXH. &ODVVHVRFLDOH ¢O RULJLQH. ,WDOLHQVWDQGDUG.    . ,WDOLHQEXUHDXFUDWLTXH.  ,WDOLHQ EXUHDX FUDWLTXH. ,WDOLHQSRSXODLUHXQLWDLUH.  ,WDOLHQSRSXODLUH  ,WDOLHQGLDOHFWDO  ,WDOLHQGLDOHFWH  'LDOHFWHLWDOLDQLV«. ,WDOLHQ HWGLDOHFWH. 'LDOHFWHXUEDLQ.  .RLQªGLDOHFWDOH  'LDOHFWHXUEDLQ  'LDOHFWHORFDOFLYLO. 'LDOHFWH. DUWLVDQV HW FRXFKHV PR\HQQHV SU«LQGXVW ULHOOHV. 'LDOHFWHUXVWLTXH.  'LDOHFWHORFDOUXV WLTXH. 'LDOHFWH. SD\VDQV. $UJRW.  $UJRWLWDOLHQ  $UJRWGLDOHFWDO XUEDLQ  $UJRWGLDOHFWDOUXUDO. ,WDOLHQ. ERXUJHRLVLH. ,WDOLHQ. SHWLWHERXUJHRLVLHGX WHUWLDLUH. $UJRW. FODVVHRXYULªUH. FODVVHVGH PDUJLQDX[. %

(156)  &HQWUHV PR\HQVHWSHWLWV HW DLUHVDYHF PDFURGLJORVVLH *UDQGVSDUHQWV 3DUHQWV (QIDQWV. FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GX GLDOHFWH FRPS«WHQFH SDVVLYH GH O LWDOLHQL FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GX GLDOHFWH ? FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GH O LWDOLHQ LFRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GX GLDOHFWH FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GH O LWDOLHQ. GLDOHFWH GLDOHFWH.  LWDOLHQ. &

(157)  =RQHV UXUDOHV  *UDQGVSDUHQWV 3DUHQWV (QIDQWV.  FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GX GLDOHFWH  FRPS«WHQFH SDVVLYH GH O LWDOLHQ

(158)  FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GX GLDOHFWH 6 `FRPS«WHQFHDFWLYH RXSDVVLYH >GH O LWDOLHQ FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GX GLDOHFWH FRPS«WHQFH DFWLYH GH O LWDOLHQ. GLDOHFWH GLDOHFWH. 'DQVOHV]RQHVKDXWHPHQWLQGXVWULDOLV«HV O LWDOLHQ V LPSRVHDXVVL GDQVOHVUHODWLRQV YHUEDOHV IDPLOLªUHV HQWUH SDUHQWV HW HQIDQWV 'DQV OHV ]RQHV LQWHUP«GLDLUHV QRXV DYRQV OD VLWXDWLRQ m G«V«TXLOLEU«H } FDUDFW«ULVWLTXH MXVTX ¢ OD GHUQLªUH J«Q«UDWLRQ .

(159) W\SLTXH DXVVL GDQVOHV ]RQHVLQGXVWULHOOHV

(160)   OHVSDUHQWV HW JUDQGVSDUHQWV

(161)  V DGUHVVHQW DX[ HQIDQWVHQ GLDOHFWH HW FHX[FL U«SRQGHQWHQ LWDOLHQ 'DQVOHV]RQHV UXUDOHVOH GLD OHFWH HVW HQFRUH OH PR\HQ GH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ H[FOXVLI HQ IDPLOOH HW O LWDOLHQ HVWOLPLW« DX[ UHODWLRQV H[W«ULHXUHV PDL 

(162)  7UDGXLWGHO LWDOLHQSDU 'DQLHO%$**,21, &HQWUHXQLYHUVLWDLUHGHO 2F«DQ ,QGLHQ

(163) . .

(164) 127(6 %,%/,2*5$3+,48(6 3RXUWRXWH OD PDWLªUH WUDLW«H MH UHQYRLH ¢ O ĕXYUH FDSLWDOH GH '( 0$852 6WRULD 6XU OHV UDSSRUWV ODQJXH FXOWXUH VRFL«W« OHV REVHUYDWLRQV «SDUVHVPDLV QRQ JUDWXLWHV GH *5$06&, VXU VHV SRVLWLRQV OLQJXLVWLTXHV VH UDSSRUWHU ¢ /R 3O3$52  &$55$11$17(  526,(//2 *UDPVFL

(165)  VRQW WUªV LPSRUWDQWHV 3RXUOHV UDSSRUWV HQWUH ODQJXH HW FODVVHV VRFLDOHVMH UHQYRLH ¢ 6$1*$ 3ULQFLSLL  6$1*$ 'LDOHWWR  0$5&(//(6,321=,2  SRXU OHV DVSHFWV SROLWLTXHVGHVG\QDPLTXHV OLQJXLVWLTXHVMH UHQYRLH ¢ )O6+0$1  &$5'21$ 'DQV OHV WUDQVFULSWLRQV SKRQ«WLTXHVM HPSORLH OH V\VWªPH VLPSOLIL« EDV« VXU OD JUDSKLH LWDOLHQQH SURSRV«SDU OD 5LYLVWDLWDOLDQD GL GLDOHWWRORJLD YRLU 6D1*$ 7UDVFUL]LRQH

(166)  HQ OD IDLVDQW VXLYUH GH OD WUDQVFULSWLRQ VXLYDQW OH V\VWªPH $3, HQWUH FURFKHWV i  ᒫ / KLVWRLUH GH OD ODQJXH LWDOLHQQH HVW PDJLVWUDOHPHQW WUDLW«H GDQV 0O*/,25,1O 6WRULD YRLUH HQ RXWUH 'HYRWR 3URILOH  '(9272 /LQJXDJJLR  'H 0DXUR 6WRULD  67866,  0LJOLRULQL%DOGHOOL  'HYRWR$OWLHUL / ĕXYUH OD SOXV U«FHQWH HW OD SOXV FRPSOªWH VXU OD m TXHVWLRQ GH OD ODQJXH } HVW 9,7$/( 4XHVWLRQH  RQ YHUUD HQ RXWUH 0O*/,25,1O 4XHVWLRQH 62==, 3RXU OH ;,;H VLªFOH RQ YHUUD $6&2/, 4XHVWLRQH 3RXUOH ;;H 3$5/$1*(/, 4XHVWLRQH 3RXUOHV GLDOHFWHV RQ YHUUD OHV LQWURGXFWLRQV GH 7DJOLDYLQL 2ULJLQL  &257(/$==2 $YYLD PHQWR  OHV GHVFULSWLRQV GH 3(//(*5,1, &DUWD 52+/)6 6WXGL OHV JUDPPDLUHV KLVWRULTXHV GH 52+/)6 *UDPPDWLFD  7(.$9Î,Î (Q RXWUH RQ VH UHSRUWHUD DX[ PRQRJUDSKLHV HQ FRXUV GH SXEOLFDWLRQ GDQVODFROOHFWLRQGH &257(/$==2 3URILOR HW DX[ DWODV OLQJXLVWLTXHV  LWDOLHQ $,6 $/,

(167)   IULRXODQ $6/()

(168)  FRUVH $/(,&

(169)  VDUGH 7HUUDFLQL)UDQFHVFKL

(170)   WRVFDQ $/7

(171)  P«GLWHUUDQ«HQ $/0

(172)  HXURS«HQ $/(

(173)  &RPPHU«SHUWRLUHVELEOLRJUDSKLTXHVDVVH]FRPSOHWVLO \D+DOO%LEOLRJUDILD  +$//6XSSOH PHQWR  3DUODQJHOL6DJJLR  3$5/$1*(/, %LEOLRJUDILD  $UQX]]R0DUFDWR  %/, 0XOMD Î,Î ,QWURGX]LRQH ELEOLRJUDSKLH ODUJHPHQW FRPPHQW«H

(174)   +DOO %LEOLRJUDILD HVVHQ]LDOH SRXU OD S«ULRGH  OHV H[FHOOHQWHV UHYXHV ELEOLRJUDSKLTXHVFULWLTXHV UDVVHPEO«HV GDQV 6/, 'LHFLDQQLVRQW GHVV\QWKªVHV WUªV XWLOHV  RQ YHUUD HQ RXWUH OH ODUJHILFKLHU ELEOLRJUDSKLTXHUD VVHPEO« GDQV OD 5,' 6XU OD OHFWXUH GDQV OHV FODVVHVSRSXODLUHVRQ YHUUD 625',  6DQJD5RVDOLR  6$1*$ /RP EDUGLD DYHFXQ H[HPSOH HQUHJLVWU« VXUGLVTXH

(175)  6XU O DUJRW HW VXU OD FXOWXUH GHV FODVVHVGH PDU JLQDX[ MH UHQYRLH ¢ 6$1*$ *HUJR  6$1*$ 3DVWRěL 6D1*$ &RUGDL  %HUWRORWWL6DQJ$ 'HVOH[LTXHVVRQWSURSRV«VSDU35ƒ7,  )(55(52 i  ᒫ 'DQVOD U«GDFWLRQ GH FH SDUDJUDSKHM DL XWLOLV«PRQ WUDYDLO  6$1*$ /HWWHUH 6XU O LWD OLHQ SRSXODLUH RQ YHUUD 'H0DXUR ,WDOLDQRSRSRODUH 6SLW]HU 8PJDQJVVSUDFKH  6SLW]HU /HWWHUH  63,7=(5 +XQJHU  9$1(//, 62%5(52 $SSXQWL 62%5(52 3DGURQL 520$1(//2  %(//26,  529(5( 7HVWL %DQ),6WRULH  HW OH WUDYDLO JOREDOGH &257(/$==2 /LQHDPHQWL 6XU OH U¶OH GHV RUJDQLVDWLRQV SROLWLFRV\QGLFDOHV RXYULªUHV GDQV OD GLIIXVLRQ GH O DOSKDE«WLVDWLRQ YRLU 'HOOD3HUXWD %HFFKL HW ODV\QWKªVH GH 6DQJD 0RGL 3RXUOHV FKDQVRQV VRFLDOHVMH UHQYRLH DX UHFXHLO GH /(<',  VXU OHXU LPSRUWDQFH OLQJXLVWLTXH LQIRUPDWLRQ GDQV 6$1*$ &DQWR (Q FH TXL FRQFHUQH OHV FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVOLQJXLVWLTXHVGHVOHWWUHV GH VROGDWV MHUHQYRLH ¢ 6SLW]HU/HWWHUH  6SLW]HU+XQJHU  6DQJD/HWWHUH %HOORVL/HVUHFXHLOVOHV SOXVU«FHQWVGH OHWWUHV GH VROGDWV G «PLJU«V HWF

(176)  VRQW  %RQJ,2512%DU%,1$  &+('$  )217$1$3O(5(77,  )RUFHOOD0RQWLFRQH  )UDQ]LQD 0DOYH]]L3LUHOOL  5DYLHOH 5HYHOOL i  ᒫ 3RXU O LWDOLHQ U«JLRQDO VH UHSRUWHU ¢ 3(//(*5,1, 6DJJL 3(//(*5,1, ,WDOLDQR U«JLR QDOH 'H0DXUR 6WRULD &DQHSDUL ,QWURGX]LRQH  &DQHSDUL 3UHVHQWD]LRQH HW SRXU OH OH[LTXH ¢ 58(** 'HV PRQRJUDSKLHV U«JLRQDOHV GH FRQVLVWDQFH YDUL«H VRQW RIIHUWHV SDU /O.$7, %O$1&21O 7HVVLQ

(177)  6$1*$ /RPEDUGLD DYHF GLVTXH

(178)   $/%$1(6(&2/277, 0DQFDUHOOD 3RXLOOHV HW /XFDQLH

(179)   7523($ 6LFLOH

(180)  'HV PRQRJUDSKLHV VXU OD SURYLQFH GH %HUJDPH *DHWDQR %HUUOWR / ,WDOLDQR U«JLRQDOH EHUJDPDVFR

(181)  VXU OD SURYLQFH GH 0LODQ 7HUHVD 32**, 6$/$1L

(182)  VXU OH 6DOHQWR 0DULD 7HUHVD 520$1(//2 H $OEHUWR $ 62%5(52

(183)  HW VXU OD 6DUGDLJQH ,QªV /RL &R59(772

(184)  VRQW HQ SU«SDUDWLRQ (Q RXWUH XQ WUDYDLO JOREDO GH /XFLDQR&DQHSDUL3URQXQFH HVWSDUX 3RXUODQRUPH LWDOLHQQH VWDQGDUG HW U«JLRQDOH

(185) VH UHSRUWHU DX[ WUDYDX[ VXLYDQWV 3KRQ«WL TXH HW SKRQRORJLH  &DPLOOL)OR5(//,  08/-$&,& )RQRORJLD &$1(3$5, ,QWURGX]LRQH .

(186) 1,&+  5HJXOD-HUQHM  +$// ,WDOLDQR /(36&+</(36&+< RQ DQQRQFH OD SXEOLFDWLRQ LPPLQHQWH G XQH JUDPPDLUH GH *LXOR & /(36&+<  ¢ 3DGRXH /RUHQ]R5(1=O HW VHV FROOªJXHV RQW HQ SU«SDUDWLRQ XQH JUDPPDLUH LWDOLHQQH

(187)  6\QWD[H  RQ SHXW VLJQDOHU VHXOHPHQW OH YLHX[ )R51$&,$5L ¢ 5RPH 7XOOLR 'H 0DXUR HW VHV FROODERUDWHXUV VRQW HQ WUDLQ GH SU«SDUHU XQH V\QWD[H LWDOLHQQH *UDPPDLUHKLVWRULTXH  5RKOIV *UDPPDWLFD 7HNDYÎ,& *UDSKLH  VXU OHV UDSSRUWV JUDSKLHSKRQRORJLH YRLU )25(67, 5DSSRUWH 8Q SUHPLHU UHFHQVHPHQW GHV JUDSKLHV GHVGLDOHFWHV VHWURXYHUD GDQVOD5,'

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

Questi difetti sono molto rari; tuttavia la loro identificazione in pazienti con bassa statura e deficit di IGF-I, dimostra che STAT5b è essenziale per la produzione di

OGGETTO: Concorso nazionale, per titoli ed esami, finalizzato al reclutamento di. dirigenti scolastici presso le Istituzioni scolastiche

This research investigates whether there is any relationship between the modularity levels of products and supplier relations. Moreover, it explores the implications of

CS-A somatomammotropina (Corionic somatotropine A) GH-V ormone della crescita placentare..

• Otherwise, it remains pending, and it will be served when the processor finishes serving the current

IRQ0 IRQ1 IRQ2 IRQ3 IRQ4 IRQ5 IRQ6 IRQ7.

• Otherwise, it remains pending, and it will be served when the processor finishes serving the current interrupt..

Determinare i migliori candidati tra microalghe, batteri e relativi consorzi per la totale rimozione da acque reflue di miscele di IE (ormoni, fenoli, ftalati, farmaci).3. ANALISI :