POLITECNICO DI TORINOESAMI DI STATO PER L'ABILITAZIONE ALLA PROFESSIONE DI INGEGNEREII SESSIONE 2005Ramo ElettronicaTema 2

POLITECNICO DI TORINO

ESAMI DI STATO PER L'ABILITAZIONE ALLA PROFESSIONE DI INGEGNERE II SESSIONE 2005

Ramo Elettronica Tema 2

Per realizzare un ponte radio per trasmettere dati, si utilizzano due tralicci, tra loro distanti 20 km e alti 15 m rispetto al suolo, sui quali vengono installate rispettivamente antenna ricevente e antenna trasmittente. Si vuole che il sistema funzioni anche in condizioni di pioggia media, in particolare con un'attenuazione di 1 dB/km a circa 10 GHz, e, in queste condizioni, si richiede che all'uscita dell'antenna ricevente si abbia una potenza PR > 4 nW. Si desidera che il guadagno delle antenne non superi i 45 dB.

Si hanno a disposizione oscillatori nella zona dei 10 GHz con differenti livelli di potenza, si possono acquisire isolatori, modulatori, convertitori di frequenza, amplificatori in microonde e a radiofrequenza, rivelatori di radiofrequenza con risposta di 0,5 V/mW, mentre i segnali dei due livelli per l'utente finale devono essere 0 V e non meno di 3.0 V. Le specifiche più importanti di tali dispositivi sono allegate al testo.

I dati da trasmettere sono acquisiti da un insieme di strumenti e sensori e vengono trasmessi in suddivisione di tempo a un modulatore ON-OFF, con caratteristiche da scegliere secondo l'apposita documentazione.

Se si ritiene utile utilizzare filtri, indicarne la collocazione, il motivo e spiegare il perché.

Predisporre uno schema a blocchi generale della realizzazione proposta, esporne il dimensionamento nei suoi aspetti principali, spiegando il perchè delle scelte eseguite.

Individuare infine alcuni punti del sistema per la verifica dei livelli del segnale, indicare quale tipo di strumentazione intendereste utilizzare e con specifiche implementazioni se necessario.

Elencare infine quali possono essere i requisiti da soddisfare per il buon funzionamento e la sicurezza degli apparati e di eventuali persone nei dintorni.

Isolators and Circulators

2000-26500 MHz

FERRITE ISOLATORS AND CIRCULATORS

SPECIFICATIONS

ISOLATORS

FREQUENCY (MHz) NARROWBAND

2000-2300 7000-10000 11000-14000

MODEL NO.

4933 4915 4956

IS0LATI0N (dB Min)

20 20 20 BROADBAND, OCTAVE AND GREATER

2000-4000 4000-8000 8000-18000 11000-18000 18000-26500

4913 4914 4946 4916 4917

18 20 16 20 17

CIRCULATORS — 3 PORT

FREQUENCY (MHz) 2000-4000 4000-8000

MODEL NO.

4923 4924

IS0LATI0N (dB Min)

18 20

(db Max)LOSS

0.4 0.4 0.5

0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6

(db Max)LOSS

0.5 0.4

VSWR (Max)

1.25:1 1.25:1 1.25:1

1.30:1 1.25:1 1.45:1 1.25:1 1.40:1

VSWR (Max) 1.30:1 1.25:1

PEAK POWER Fwd & Rev

(Watts)

20 10 20

50 50 15 20 10

PEAK Fwd & Rev

(Watts) 50 50

AVERAGE POWER Forward Reverse

(Watts) (Watts)

20 5 5

25 15 5 5 3

1*

1*

1*

1*

1*

1*

1*

1*

AVERAGE POWER Forward Reverse

(Watts) (Watts) 25

15 25 15

TEMP.RANGE (°C)

-20 to+65 -20 to +65 -20 to+65

0 to+55 -20 to+65 -20 to+65 -20 to +65 -20 to+65

TEMP. RANGE (°C) 0 to + 5 5 -20 to + 6 5

7000-12400 4925 20 0.4 1.25:1 25 10 10 -20 to+65

*Limited by termination power handing capacity

368

Isolators and Circulators

SPECIFICATIONS

MODEL NO.

4933

4915

4956

4913

4914

4946

4916

4917

OUTUNE DRAWING

I

II

I!

IlI

III

II

II

II

MOUNTING DPTH.

.15

.15

.15

.18

.15

.15

.13

.18

HOLES SIZE*

b

b

b

c

b

b

b

b

THICK

.50

.50

.50

.75

.60

.55

.55

.50

A

.75

—

—

1.100

.600

—

—

—

B

1.00

.63

.63

1.65

1.00

.80

.80

.66 C

.750

.375

.375

1.000

.750

.500

.500

.380 D

1.00

.50

.50

1.60

1.00

.63

.63

.50 E

.13

.06

.06

.30

.13

.07

.07

.06 F

—

.16

.16

.25

.25

.25

.25

.18 G

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

OUTLINE DRAWINGS

OUTLINE I OUTLINE II

NOTES:

TOL: .xx ±.02 .xxx ±.010

Mounting holes both sides

B = 2-56 UNC-2B C = 4-40 UNC-2B

OUTLINE III

USATEL (1) 631 231-1700 • INTLTEL: (1) 631 231-1390 • FAX (1) 631 231-1711

E-MAIL [email protected] • www.nardamicrowave.com 369

OUTLINE DRAWINGS

MODEL 4923 MODEL 4924

MODEL 4925

370 USA TEL (1) 631 231-1700 - INTL TEL (1) 631 231-1390 • FAX (1) 631 231-1711

E-MAIL [email protected] • www.nardamicrowave.com

Esempi di andamenti dell'attenuazione atmosferica con la frequenza.

Le curve a tratto pieno sono relative all'effetto di vapor d'acqua ed ossigeno in atmosfera nor-male (1013 mbar, 20 C e densità di 7,5 g/m³); le linee tratteggiate danno l'attenuazione addizionale introdotta dalla pioggia (1 —> forte temporale, 60 mm/h; 2 — > pioggia media, 8 mm/h; 3 —> pioggia debole, 1 mm/h).

equazione della trasmissione: due antenne (trasmittente e ricevente) sono poste a distanza d e presentano guadagni nella direzione del collegamento G

e G

(rispettivamente; G è legato all 'area equivalente in ricezione Ae dalla relazione:

che interessa. Se P

è la potenza trasmessa globale, la potenza ricevuta P

(senza dissipazione nel mezzo) vale (formula di Friis):

relativamente alla polarizzazione lineare

L'area eq. in ricezione è legata all'area geometrica tramite l'efficienza (dipende dal modo di illuminazione dell'apertura. Ad es. per un'apertura circolare di diametro D (parabola,...):

D

/4). Valore tipico di

RF Microwave And Wireless Communication Products

Welcome to our microwave mixer, double balanced mixers, triple balanced mixers, and millimeter wave mixer selection guide,

If you do not see what you are looking for please contact us via email so we may look at your requirement and quote accordingly.

RF Microwave Double And Triple Balanced Mixers

Double and Triple Balanced Mixers From DC to 40 GHz

Delivery Stock - 8 weeks

Double Balanced Ultra Broadband Mixers

HD Stock #

HD12479 HD12480 HD12481 HD12482 HD12483

Mixer Frequency Range RF/LO

(GHz) 1-30 2-18 2-18 4-26 4-40

IF (GHz) DC to .50 DC to.75 DC to .75 DC t o 2 DC t o 2

Conversion Loss

9.5 8.5 8.5 9.5 10

RF-IF Isolation (dB)(Typ.)

25 30 30 20 30

Package Style HD3 HD2 HD1 HD4 HD4

Double Balanced High Isolation Mixers

HD Stock #

HD12488 HD12489 HD12490 HD12491 HD12492 HD12493 HD12494

Mixer Frequency Range RF/LO

(GHz) 0.5-2

1-4 2-8 4-8 4-12 8-12 5-20

IF (GHz)

DC to 0.5 DC to l DC to 2 DC to 2 DC to 4 DC to 4 DC to 8

Conversion Loss

8.5 7.0 8.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 9.0

RF-IF Isolation

( d B ) (Typ.)

30 30 30 30 30 30 40

Package

Style

HD3 HD1 HD2 HD2 HD2 HD2 HD4

Triple Balanced Microwave IF Mixers

HD Stock #

HD12484 HD 12485 HD 12486 HD12487

Mixer Frequenyv Range RF/LO

(GHz) 2-18 2-18 2-26 4-40

IF(GHz)

0.5 to 8 0.5 to 8 0.5 to 8 0.5 to 20

Conversion Loss

9.5 9.5 12 12

RF-IF Isolation

( d B ) (Typ.)

20 20 20 30

Package Style

HD2 HD1 HD2 HD4

http://www.hdcom.com/mix.html 16/11/2005

Request For Quote * Home * Order Entry * Products * Questions Comments

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Toll Free in USA & Canada (888) 588-3800, Int Customers Tel. 1 (631) 588-3877 Worldwide Fax. (631) 588-3879

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Features

• equivalerli to Agilent MSA-1105 and Mini-Circuit's MAV-11SM

• high IP3, 34 dBm

• excellent VSWR, 1.2:1 typ.

• medium gain

• output power, 18 dBm

Applications

• cellular

• VHF/UHF receivers/transmitters

model identifìcation

Model marking MAV-11BSM 11

Outline Drawing

Resistor Values

Vcc " 1 % "

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

28.0 45.3 61.9 78.7 95.3 113 127 143 158

500, 20MHzto4GHz

Features

• Wide Bandwidth, 20 MHz to 4 GHz

• Low Noise Figure, 3.9 dB Typ.

• Output Power, Up to 17.4 dBm Typ.

Applications

• Cellular

• PCS

• Communication Receivers & Transmitters

• Lab

• Instrumentation

• Test Equipment

CASESTYLE:GC957 PRICE: $49.85 ea. QTY(1-9)

Electrical Specificatiors at T^AMB = 25°C

Maximum Ratings

Operating Temperature -45°C to 85°C Storage Temperature

DC Voltage

Input Power(no Damage) Power

-55°C to 100°C 12.5V 13dBm 950mW

Outline Drawing

Typical Performance Data & Curves at 25°C ZX60-4016E

FREQUENCY (MHz)

20 50 100 250 500

750 1000 1250 1500 1750

2000 2250 2500 2750 3000

3250 3500 3700 3900 4000

GAIN (dB)

19.93 20.09 20.14 20.10 19.94

19.83 19.54 19.34 18.96 18.56

18.24 17.85 17.42 16.94 16.51

15.94 15.68 15.34 15.07 14.93

DIRECTIVITY (dB)

3.47 3.11 2.99 3.04 3.13

3.21 3.35 3.57 3.59 3.80

4.02 4.38 4.75 4.97 5.37

5.45 5.86 6.00 6.03 5.98

VSWR IN (:1)

1.31 1.28 1.28 1.29 1.27

1.26 1.22 1.19 1.18 1.18

1.21 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40

1.43 1.47 1.48 1.46 1.48

VSWR OUT

(:1)

1.41 1.34 1.31 1.30 1.28

1.27 1.24 1.20 1.18 1.16

1.11 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.04

1.05 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.09

POWER OUT @1dB COMPRESSION

(dBm)

17.64 17.89 17.93 17.97 17.94

17.84 17.95 17.61 17.68 17.83

17.68 17.56 17.40 16.95 16.20

15.82 15.45 14.94 14.53 14.35

IP3 (dBm)

31.98 32.36 32.64 32.89 32.28

32.03 32.68 31.91 31.35 31.57

31.24 31.10 30.48 29.71 29.86

28.85 27.57 28.90 27.18 27.84

NF (dB)

3.78 3.64 3.51 3.65 3.73

3.81 3.82 3.66 3.86 3.78

3.97 3.93 4.01 3.96 4.09

4.29 4.36 4.41 4.46 4.45

ZX60-4016E GAIN

FREQUENCY(MHz)

ZX6O4016E DIRECTIVfTY

FREQUENCY(MHz) FREQUENCY(MHz)

ZX60-4016E 1dB COMPRESSION

FREQUENCY(MHz)

ZX604016E NOiSE FIGURE

FREQUENCY(MHz)

ZX60-4016E IP3

FREQUENCY(MHz) ZX60-4016E

VSWR

Model F192A Non-Reflective Ultra-Broadband Modulator

Produced by Herley Farmingdale - How to Buy

High speed 0.2 to 18 GHz frequency range 80 dB isolation Low VSWR and insertion loss Small size, light weight

The Model F192A is a high-speed non-reflective PIN diode pulse modulator with integrated driver. Operating over the

instantaneous frequency range from 0.2 to 18 GHz, it provides a minimum isolation of 80 dB from 0.5 to 18 GHz, and 70 dB below 0.5 GHz. The rf design consists of an arrangement of shunt and series diodes in a microstrip integrated circuit transmission line as shown in the schematic diagram below.

Model F192A RF Schematic Diagram

The currents required to switch the unit ON or OFF and

simultaneously maintain a bilateral 50-ohm impedance match in both states are provided by the integrated driver, which is controlied by an extemal logic signal.

CHARACTERISTIC

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS FREQUENCY (GHz)

0.2 to 0.5 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 8.0 8.0 to 12.4 12.4 to 18.0 Min Isolation (dB) 70 80 80 80

Max Insertion Loss (dB) 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 VSWR (ON and OFF) 1.5 1.5 1.75 2.0

80 3.5 2.0

Switching Speed Rise Time Fall Time ON Time OFF Time

10 nsec. max.

10 nsec. max.

30 nsec. max.

15 nsec. max.

Power Handling Capability

Without 500 mW cw or peak Performance

Degradation

Survival Power 1W average, 10W peak (1 usec max.

pulse width)

Power Supply Requirements

+5V ± 5%, 90 mA -12V ±5%,75mA

C o n t r o l Characteristics

Control Input TTL, advanced Schottky, one-unit Impedance load. (A unit load is 0.6 mA sink

current and 20uA source current.) Control Logic Logic "0" (-0.3 to +0.8V) for switch

ON and logic " 1 " (+2.0 to +5.0V) for switch OFF

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

Operating Temperature Range

Non-Operating Temperature Range Humidity

Shock

Vibration

Altitude

Temp. Cycling

-65°C to + 110°C

-65°C to + 125°C

MIL-STD-202F, Method 103B, Cond. B (96 hrs. at 95%) MIL-STD-202F, Method 213B, Cond. B (75G, 6 msec) MIL-STD-202F, Method 204D, Cond. B (.06" doublE amplitude or 15G. whichever is less) MIL-STD-202F, Method 105C, Cond. B (50,000 ft.)

MIL-STD-202F, Method 107D, Cond. A, 5 cycles

Option Description No.

3 SMA female c o n t r o l connector 7 Two SMA male rf connectors 9 Inverse c o n t r o l logic; logic " 1 "

for switch ON and logic "0" for switch OFF

10 One SMA male (J1) and one SMA female (J2) rf connector 33 EMI fiIter solder-type c o n t r o l

terminal

48 +5,-15V operation

64A SMB male c o n t r o l connector

See Application Notes

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT

Model HM192

Produced by Herley Farmingdale - How to Buy

Non-Reflective Ultra-Broadband High-Speed SPST Switch Module

The Model HM192 is a hermetically sealed, high speed, non-reflective SPST PIN diode switch with integrated driver. The switch is designed for use as a drop-in module but can be used as a conventional connectorized component when equipped with removable SMA connectors. Operating over the instantaneous frequency range from 0.2 to 18 GHz, it provides a minimum isolation of 80 dB from 0.5 to 18 GHz. The switch consists of an internai driver and an arrangement of shunt and series diodes in a

microstrip integrated circuit transmission line as shown in Fig. 1.

High speed; 10 nsec

Frequency range: 0.2 to 18 GHz 80 dB isolation

Low VSWR and insertion loss 0.24 inch truck

Hermetically sealed

SPECIAL ORDER PRODUCT -CONSULT FACTORY BEFORE

ORDERING-

Fìg. 1 — Model HM192 Schematic Diagram

Swrtching Characteristics Rise Time 10 nsec. max Fall Time 10 nsec. max ON Time 30 nsec. max OFF Time 15 nsec. max Power Handling Capability

Without 500 mW cw or peak Performance

Power Suppty Requirements(1)

+ 5V ± 5%, 50mA -12 to-15V

±5%,50 mA

ENVIRONMENTAL RATINGS

Operating Temperature -65 °C to + 125 °C Range

CHARACTERISTIC

Min Isolation (dB) Max Insertion Loss (dB) VSWR (ON and OFF)

FREQUENCY (GHz)

0.2 to 0.5 0.5 to 2.0 2.0 to 8.0 8.0 to 12.4 12.4 to 18.0 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

35 80 80 80 80 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 1.5 1.5 1.75 2.0 2.0

Degradation

Survival Power 1 W average, 10 W peak (1

m s e c

C o n t r o l Input TTL.Advanced Schottky, Two- Impedance unit load. (A unit load is 0.6 mA

sink current and 20 mA source current)

C o n t r o l Logic Logic "O"

Logic "1"

(-0.3 to + 0.8V) for switch ON (+2.0 to +5.0V) for switch OFF

See Application Notes

Option No.

9

49

Description Inverse c o n t r o l logic;

logic "1 " for switch ON and logic " 0 " for switch OFF.

High Rel screening (see Tabie 1 page 30)

(1)Up to 1 MHz switching rate. At 10 MHz, +V and -V @ 125mA each.

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

CK-11 Connector Kit:

Two female

connectors, spacers and mounting hardware.

Dimensional Tolerances, unless otherwise indicated: .XX ±.02; .XXX ±.005

AVAILABLE ACCESSORIES