LINGUA E CULTURA INGLESE Prof. G SALVUCCI Ph.D.
a. a. 2012-2013 Classe: L-15
HISTORY OF ENGLAND David Else et al., England, Lonely planet.
Studiare il capitolo “History” fino a Industrial Age.
HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE A Very Short History of the English Language.pdf UNESCO, ENGLISH HERITAGE,
NATIONAL TRUST World-Heritage.pdf
1. STONEHENGE, AVEBURY AND ASSOCIATED SITES
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/373
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/history-and-research/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/facilities http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/access
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/groups-and-trade http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/stone-circle-access/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/content/imported-docs/p-t/stone-circle-access- application-apr-sept13.pdf
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/world-heritage- site/managing-stonehenge/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/stonehenge-whs/stonehenge-whs.pdf http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/our-plans/our- proposals/a-more-dignified-setting/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/our-plans/our- proposals/improved-facilities/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/step-around- stonehenge/stonehenge20081209165309.pdf
PROGRAMMA DI STUDIO
English Heritage
2. HADRIAN’S WALL
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/430
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/
http://www.hadrianswallheritage.co.uk/page.aspx//The-Hadrian%27s-Wall-Trust/About-Us http://www.visithadrianswall.co.uk/empires-edge/about-hadrians-wall
http://www.visithadrianswall.co.uk/empires-edge/about-hadrians-wall/the-invasion-and- conquest-of-britain
http://www.visithadrianswall.co.uk/empires-edge/about-hadrians-wall/why-was-the-wall-built http://www.visithadrianswall.co.uk/empires-edge/about-hadrians-wall/the-building-of- hadrians-wall
http://www.visithadrianswall.co.uk/empires-edge/about-hadrians-wall/life-on-hadrians-wall http://www.visithadrianswall.co.uk/things-to-do/walking
http://www.visithadrianswall.co.uk/things-to-do/walking/hadrians-wall-path-national-trail http://www.visithadrianswall.co.uk/things-to-do/cycling
http://www.visithadrianswall.co.uk/things-to-do/family-fun
2.1. HADRIAN'S WALL: CHESTERS ROMAN FORT
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/chesters-roman-fort-and-museum- hadrians-wall/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/chesters-roman-fort-and-museum- hadrians-wall/history-and-research/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/chesters-roman-fort-and-museum- hadrians-wall/history-and-research/history/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/chesters-roman-fort-and-museum- hadrians-wall/history-and-research/description/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/chesters-roman-fort-and-museum- English Heritage
English Heritage
3. DURHAM CASTLE AND CATHEDRAL
VIDEOS:
1. The Guardian: Readers choice for Britain's best building (8.41):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34moa66Xo7U 2. Builders & Buildings (3.49):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ir7gcWheEFE&list=PL405FE4D2427117FD
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/about/working-locally/north-east/about/
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/370/
criteri riassunti anche in: http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/heritage/significance
http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/heritage
https://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/history/st-cuthbert https://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/history/bede http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture
http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral
http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral/construction http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral/building-durham http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral/architectural-importance http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral/intro
http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral/intro/quire http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral/intro/cloisters http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral/intro/chapter-house http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral/intro/kitchen http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral/intro/dormitory http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/cathedral/intro/library
CASTLE
http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/castle
http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/castle/motte-and-bailey http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/castle/university-college http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/castle/intro
http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/castle/intro/peninsula
http://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/castle/intro/north-range/norman- chapel
English Heritage
4. FOUNTAINS ABBEY
VIDEOS:
Promo video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3Ea0YoDjxg BBC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvBFe25KV-o
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/372
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/fountains-abbey/
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/fountains-abbey/facilities-and-access/
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/fountains-abbey/things-to-see-and-do/abbey/
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/wra-1356323503562/350947/
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/fountains-abbey/things-to-see-and-do/for-families/
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/cs/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blo bkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1349106992057&ssbinary=true
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/fountains-abbey/things-to-see-and-do/for-groups/
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/document-1355774634875/
http://cistercians.shef.ac.u k/fountains/buildings/
The Abbey Church
The church stood at the heart of Cistercian life and brought together communal worship, private prayer, ceremony and ritual. The church building physically dominated the precinct and
structured the monks’ day, for the community visited the church at least eight times daily to celebrate the Divine Office. Like all Cistercian churches, the abbey church at Fountains was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, the patron of the Order.
The cloister
The cloister stood at the centre of the precinct, where it was sheltered from noise and
disruption. It was made up of a large central area, known as the cloister garth, and surrounded by arcading fashioned from black Nidderdale marble and white sandstone. Part of this arcading was reconstructed in the nineteenth century and indicates just how spectacular the cloister would have looked in the Middle Ages. The cloister at Fountains covered about thirty-eight square metres. All the buildings necessary for monastic life could be accessed from the cloister, but entry was restricted. The monks observed silence here, which meant that the cloister was well suited to meditation and prayer.
The chapter house
The chapter-house at Fountains lay in the east range of the cloister. This was the typical location for a building of this kind, perhaps as it was one of the most inaccessible areas to outsiders and fairly well protected from the noise and bustle of daily life. The remains of the chapter-house belong to Abbot Richard’s impressive rebuilding, completed before his death in 1170. Richard was the first of many abbots to be buried here. This large, aisled building comprised of six bays and had three entrances to the cloister; the two westernmost bays could be screened off and used for storing books. It was ornately decorated and was the first building at Fountains to use the grey Nidderdale marble, which would have made a striking contrast to the white lime-washed interior.
The chapter-house was a focal point of monastic life. It was here that the monks gathered for an hour each day to attend the chapter meeting, so called as proceedings began with the reading of a chapter from the Rule of St Benedict. The monks sat on wooden or stone benches around
The dormitory
The monks’ dormitory at Fountains occupied the first floor of the eastern range, which was the customary location for this room. It extended over fifty metres in length and could have accommodated about 120 monks. During the day, the monks accessed the dormitory by a staircase from the cloister. At night, when they left the dormitory to celebrate the office of Vigils in the church, they used a separate staircase that provided a covered passage to their choir.
Light shone into the dormitory through a series of windows on either side, but one or two lanterns would have burned at all times to prevent misconduct. These lanterns were placed in such a way to illuminate the monks’ toilet block (reredorters), which was situated at the far end of the dormitory.
The refectory
The refectory at Fountains stood at the centre of the southern range, and was one of the finest of the monastery buildings. It dates from the late twelfth century, and was part of Robert of Pipewell’s (1170-1180) magnificent building programme. This was a complex and impressive structure, which extended southwards from the cloister and ran over the River Skell. The interior would have been lime-washed white, with mock lines traced to give the impression of masonry.
The kitchen
The kitchen lay in the southern range and was positioned in such a way that it could serve both the monks’ and the lay-brothers’ refectories through dumb-waiter style hatches. The kitchen was ventilated and also vaulted, for it was important to fireproof the building. A double fireplace stood in the centre, with a chimney above; there were cupboards in the north wall and a yard to the south, where fuel would have been stored. This was paved and indeed much of this paving can still be seen.
The kitchen supplied the monks’ and the lay-brothers’ refectories with fish and vegetables. No meat was cooked here, for this was at first prohibited to all but the sick and, when later permitted, it was cooked in a separate meat kitchen and eaten in a special room known as the misericord. Bread would not have been baked here but in the bakehouse, which was in the outer court, beside the brewhouse and woolhouse.
The western range
The western range was primarily used by lay-brothers who worked and lived at the abbey, rather than on the granges. Here they had their own refectory, dormitory and toilet-block (reredorters); the lay-brothers at Fountains also had their own cloister and infirmary, which lay to the west of the range. In a Benedictine house, where there were no lay-brothers, the western range was occupied by the cellarer and generally also had accommodation for guests. The western range at Fountains is the largest and most impressive twelfth-century building of its kind in Europe. It was begun in the 1160s by Abbot Richard of Clairvaux and was brought to
completion by his successor, Robert of Pipewell. This replaced a smaller range that was built during Henry Murdac’s abbacy, since it could no longer accommodate the ever-increasing number of lay-brothers.
The guesthouse
Hospitality was an integral part of monastic life and Fountains, like other Cistercian houses, made provision for guests within the precinct. The twelfth-century guest complex at Fountains is one of the most important in the country and sheds considerable light on the facilities for and distinction of guests. It comprised of two guest houses to accommodate distinguished visitors, and a large aisled guest-hall for those of lesser note. The complex lay to the west of the lay- brothers’ range, which would have ensured that visitors caused minimum disruption to the monks in the cloister. Guests would have slept and dined in the guest complex, under the auspices of the monastic official (obedientiary) known as the guestmaster or hosteller. He would have been assisted by at least one servant; in the mid-fifteenth century Thomas Taylor is named as the servant here. Women would not have been entertained in the guest complex, for Cistercian legislation prohibited them from staying within the abbey precinct. Some kind of provision may have been made for them outside the West Gate, where there was a hospice of sorts certainly in the sixteenth century.
5. KEW GARDENS
VIDEOS:
PALM HOUSE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMaomjhGoAc Slideshow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLgKnk90xvM
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1084
http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/visit-information/access-guide/discovery- tours/index.htm
http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/visit-information/group-visits/enhance-your- visit/index.htm
http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/visit-information/group-visits/recommended- attractions/index.htm
Schools
http://www.kew.org/learn/schools/school-visits/kew-gardens/index.htm EYFSEarly Years Foundation Stage
http://www.kew.org/learn/schools/school-visits/kew-gardens/pick-a-programme/foundation- stage/index.htm
Key Stage 3
http://www.kew.org/learn/schools/school-visits/kew-gardens/pick-a-programme/key-stage- 3/maths-environment/index.htm
Teacher’s area
http://www.greatplanthunt.org/flash/video/vidIndex.php?vidid=0
http://www.greatplanthunt.org/flash/games/SunflowerSurprise/index.php?gameid=4 http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/caring/listing/registered-parks-and-gardens/
6. IRONBRIDGE GORGE
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/371
http://www.ironbridge.org.uk/
http://www.ironbridge.org.uk/our-attractions/blists-hill-victorian-town/
http://www.ironbridge.org.uk/assets/Uploads/BH-Map.pdf
http://www.ironbridge.org.uk/assets/Uploads/A-Childs-Life-at-Blists-Hill.pdf http://www.ironbridge.org.uk/our-attractions/coalbrookdale-museum-of-iron/
http://www.ironbridge.org.uk/our-attractions/darby-houses/
English Heritage
