RE-USE OF MATERIALS IN ASPHALT PAVEMENT RE-USE OF MATERIALS IN ASPHALT PAVEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
Prof. Antonio D’Andrea
The Road Material Lab in Sapienza University deals with The Road Material Lab in Sapienza University deals with recovery of waste materials in road pavement for many years recovery of waste materials in road pavement for many years
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
Bottom ashes Bottom ashes Granulate rubber
Granulate rubber C&DC&D Industrial sludgeIndustrial sludge
At the moment we are At the moment we are
approaching the recovery of approaching the recovery of harbour sediments in asphalt harbour sediments in asphalt
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
Prof. Antonio D’Andrea
PRIN 2000: Ottimizzazione dell'impiego dei materiali riciclati nelle costruzioni stradali PRIN 2000: Ottimizzazione dell'impiego dei materiali riciclati nelle costruzioni stradali
(Improvement of using recycling materials in asphalt pavement)(Improvement of using recycling materials in asphalt pavement)
PRIN 2003: Prestazioni e durabilità di strade ed elementi strutturali realizzati con PRIN 2003: Prestazioni e durabilità di strade ed elementi strutturali realizzati con
materiali riciclati materiali riciclati
(Performances and durability of roads and structural elements made (Performances and durability of roads and structural elements made of recycled materials)
of recycled materials)
PRIN 2006: Recupero degli scarti destinati a discarica: dalla ricerca tecnologica PRIN 2006: Recupero degli scarti destinati a discarica: dalla ricerca tecnologica innovativa all'impiego su larga scala e all'inquadramento normativo.
innovativa all'impiego su larga scala e all'inquadramento normativo.
(Recovering of waste materials: from the research to the large scale (Recovering of waste materials: from the research to the large scale use and to the standardization of specifications)
use and to the standardization of specifications)
In the last decade we carried out two national project and another In the last decade we carried out two national project and another
one is still on progress:
one is still on progress:
(PRIN 2000 – 2003 – 2006, co-funded by individual and public authorities ) (PRIN 2000 – 2003 – 2006, co-funded by individual and public authorities )
The recent European effort about Testing Standardization The recent European effort about Testing Standardization
help us to switch our investigation to the final product, because:
help us to switch our investigation to the final product, because:
Artificial and recycled materials can be characterized in the same way as Artificial and recycled materials can be characterized in the same way as natural ones
natural ones
Performance-based test methods allow to evaluate, without prejudice, the Performance-based test methods allow to evaluate, without prejudice, the effect of waste materials in asphalt concrete
effect of waste materials in asphalt concrete
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES:
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES:
EN 12697-26 annex D (stiffness) EN 12697-26 annex D (stiffness)
EN 12697-24 annex D (4PB fatigue) EN 12697-24 annex D (4PB fatigue)
EN 12697-25 method B (TCC) EN 12697-25 method B (TCC) In our laboratory we can carry on
In our laboratory we can carry on the following tests, according to the following tests, according to
the European specifications:
the European specifications:
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
Prof. Antonio D’Andrea
50 n.r.
150 n.r.
18
μg/l Pb
Lead
10 0.06
- 0.08
-
μg/l Ni
Nichel
3 n.r.
- 0.1
-
μg/l Zn
Zinc
1 n.r.
<0.1 n.r.
<0.1
μg/l Hg
Mercury
n.r.
- n.r.
-
μg/l Mn
Manganese
0.08
- 0.06
-
mg/l Fe
Iron
0.05 0.1
40 n.r.
1.5
mg/l Cu
Copper
250 n.r.
- n.r.
-
μg/l Co
Cobalt
50 0.3
<2 0.3
<2
tot μg/l Cr
Chrome
5
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
μg/l Cd
Cadmium
50
<0.1
<0.1 n.r.
<0.1
μg/l As
Arsenic
Limits Mix with
Ramoil Slugde Ramoil
Sludge Mix with
Klopman Slugde Klopman
Sludge Unit
Parameter
Leaching test for the some absolute industrial sludges, compared with asphalt concrete Leaching test for the some absolute industrial sludges, compared with asphalt concrete
ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES
We know that they are as important as mechanical ones We know that they are as important as mechanical ones
for a large scale use of the final product
for a large scale use of the final product
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
Leaching test for absolute hospital bottom ash and asphalt concrete incorporating them Leaching test for absolute hospital bottom ash and asphalt concrete incorporating them
3 0.066
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
mg/l Zn
Zinc
10
<2 5.9
<2 13.8
μg/l Ni
Nichel
1 0.5
<0.25
<0.25
<0.25
μg/l Hg
Mercury
50 1.3
6.4 11.2
<1
μg/l Pb
Lead
0.05 0.009
<0.002
<0.002 0.063
mg/l Cu
Copper
250 2.1
<2
<2 2.1
μg/l Co
Cobalt
50 11
11.3 2.1
25.5
tot μg/l Cr
Chrome
5 0.8
1.5 1.5
<0.2
μg/l Cd
Cadmium
50
<0.1 2.5
1.9 2.2
μg/l As
Arsenic
Limits HAC with 53 %
bottom ash HAC with 43 %
bottom ash Hospital HMA
Bottom ash Unit
Parameter
ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES
We know that they are as important as mechanical ones We know that they are as important as mechanical ones
for a large scale use of the final product
for a large scale use of the final product
the laboratory results confirm that techniques the laboratory results confirm that techniques
and design methods can overwhelm both and design methods can overwhelm both
mechanical and environmental issues, mechanical and environmental issues,
but but
to complete our progress toward the large scale use … to complete our progress toward the large scale use …
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
Prof. Antonio D’Andrea
PRIN 2006: Recupero degli scarti destinati a discarica: dalla ricerca tecnologica PRIN 2006: Recupero degli scarti destinati a discarica: dalla ricerca tecnologica innovativa all'impiego su larga scala e all'inquadramento normativo.
innovativa all'impiego su larga scala e all'inquadramento normativo.
(Recovering of waste materials: from the research to the large scale (Recovering of waste materials: from the research to the large scale use and to the standardization of specifications)
use and to the standardization of specifications)
they are very important and useful:
they are very important and useful:
plant production test plant production test
field validation field validation
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
At this level the research is subject to public authorities permissions At this level the research is subject to public authorities permissions
and here, often, the research project will suffer a setback.
and here, often, the research project will suffer a setback.
A short example:
A short example:
our Laboratory studied a new asphalt concrete coming from cold recycling of our Laboratory studied a new asphalt concrete coming from cold recycling of hospital bottom ashes
hospital bottom ashes
the project got public and indipendent funds the project got public and indipendent funds
we designed both mixing plant and trial test stretches and asked authorization; we designed both mixing plant and trial test stretches and asked authorization;
we’ve been waiting for that authorization to realize the trial pavement since 2003; we’ve been waiting for that authorization to realize the trial pavement since 2003;
we’re still waiting for it. we’re still waiting for it.
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
Prof. Antonio D’Andrea
FINAL OBSERVATIONS FINAL OBSERVATIONS
It is not impossible to have public or indipendent fundings; public authorities It is not impossible to have public or indipendent fundings; public authorities encourage recycling of waste materials even when they are classified as encourage recycling of waste materials even when they are classified as
“hazardous”. And very good words are in Italian laws (1997, 2003, 2006).
“hazardous”. And very good words are in Italian laws (1997, 2003, 2006).
But, specially in Italy, R&D projects about waste materials slow down when But, specially in Italy, R&D projects about waste materials slow down when they face environmental agencies and need permissions.
they face environmental agencies and need permissions.
Maybe it is not only a question of governmental red tape, but also a question Maybe it is not only a question of governmental red tape, but also a question of roles, regulations and personal responsibility, or personal reading of rules.
of roles, regulations and personal responsibility, or personal reading of rules.
This means that the same authority (i.e. the Regional one) that gave you the This means that the same authority (i.e. the Regional one) that gave you the money to carry out the project, then refuses the permissions to complete the money to carry out the project, then refuses the permissions to complete the job or simply ignores your formal applications and the project can hang in the job or simply ignores your formal applications and the project can hang in the air for years.
air for years.
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
Can we improve the excellence in R&D projects to dispel the suspicion that Can we improve the excellence in R&D projects to dispel the suspicion that rounds these topics?
rounds these topics?
In this view, should universities form more tight relationship with contractors to In this view, should universities form more tight relationship with contractors to reach enough critical mass ?
reach enough critical mass ?
Should Authorities “believe” much more in R&D projects and give more Should Authorities “believe” much more in R&D projects and give more faith and specific roles to universities and public research centers ?
faith and specific roles to universities and public research centers ?
Should Universities and research institutes play an authoritative role based on Should Universities and research institutes play an authoritative role based on the indipendence of their research activity?
the indipendence of their research activity?
Should the environmental laws recognize this particular role of the Should the environmental laws recognize this particular role of the universities, i.e. the link between research and exploitation, and let universities, i.e. the link between research and exploitation, and let them more freedom, at least in the experimental phase of the project?
them more freedom, at least in the experimental phase of the project?
MY QUESTIONS FOR THE WORK GROUP
MY QUESTIONS FOR THE WORK GROUP
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “SAPIENZA”
ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING FACULTY
Prof. Antonio D’Andrea
What researchers and technicians can do?
What researchers and technicians can do?
We probably have to fight the “refusal of refuses”:
We probably have to fight the “refusal of refuses”:
The experience we had with C&D is typical of this wrong approach against The experience we had with C&D is typical of this wrong approach against recovering of waste materials.
recovering of waste materials.
We are supposed to explode some false prudence:
We are supposed to explode some false prudence:
Not always it is better to dispense with waste materials, because the global Not always it is better to dispense with waste materials, because the global environmental balance could be negative.
environmental balance could be negative.
We have to make politics aware of the slowness of permissions that are often We have to make politics aware of the slowness of permissions that are often in conflict with knowledge transfer and exploitation of the research results.
in conflict with knowledge transfer and exploitation of the research results.
We probably should help politics in making less complex execution of a project, We probably should help politics in making less complex execution of a project, or at least the experimental phase of it.
or at least the experimental phase of it.
Under fixed condition could be sufficient a “silenzio assenso” (silence-assent) Under fixed condition could be sufficient a “silenzio assenso” (silence-assent) procedure.
procedure.
