T
ABLE OF
C
ONTENTS
1 Introduction ... 1
2 Different ways and devices to analyze a road ... 6
2.1 Functional equipment ... 7
2.1.1 Static devices ... 8
2.1.2 Multi-Functional Vehicle ... 11
2.1.2.1 Road Surface Profilometer ... 12
2.1.2.2 Laser Crack Measurement System (LCMS) ... 14
2.1.3 Friction tester ... 16
2.2 Structural equipment ... 19
2.2.1 The Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) ... 20
2.2.1.1 The Fast Falling Weight Deflectometer (FFWD) ... 26
2.2.2 Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) ... 27
2.2.3 Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) ... 30
2.2.4 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) ... 32
3 History of Rolling Weight Deflectometers ... 34
3.1 The first attempt ... 35
3.2 First functional prototype by Dynatest and Quest ... 38
3.3 The ARA Rolling Weight Deflectometer ... 47
3.3.1 ARA RWD description ... 48
3.3.2 ARA RWD results ... 50
3.3.3 ARA RWD Pros & Cons ... 52
3.4 The Greenwood Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) ... 53
3.4.1 TSD trailer description ... 54
3.4.2 TSD tests and results ... 62
3.4.3 Conclusions: ... 71
4 Dynatest RAPTOR latest prototype ... 73
4.1 Instruments & features ... 75
4.1.1 Laser sensors ... 77
4.1.2 Laser alignment system and Gocators support ... 81
4.1.3 Additional devices ... 82
4.1.4 Load acquiring devices ... 86
4.2 Harr algorithm, Curvature and Curvature difference ... 87
4.4 Aim of the RAPTOR prototype ... 101
4.5 Calibration tests ... 102
4.6 Outside tests: ... 112
5 Comparison between RAPTOR prototype against FWD ... 122
5.1 Description of the test ... 123
5.2 Curvature comparison ... 128
5.2.1 Coefficient of repeatability for the RAPTOR prototype ... 141
5.2.2 Coefficient of reproducibility for the RAPTOR prototype against FWD ... 143
6 Deflection modelling ... 158
6.1 Modelling deflection with ELMOD ... 159
6.2 Modelling using equivalent thickness with a fixed E-modulus on top layer ... 165
6.3 DTU modelling ... 171
6.4 Deflection results ... 172
7 Dynatest RAPTOR® ... 174
7.1 Trailer description ... 174
7.2 Data collection devices ... 177
7.2.1 Load acquiring devices ... 179
7.3 Calibration System ... 182
7.4 Complementary devices ... 184
7.5 Aim of the RAPTOR ... 185
7.5.1 Pavement Management System (PMS) ... 186
7.5.2 Residual life, Surface Curvature Index and Base Damage Index prediction .... ... 192
7.6 Future goals ... 196
8 Conclusions ... 198
9 References ... 200
