Encyclopedia of Pain

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Encyclopedia of Pain

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Encyclopedia of Pain

Volume 1 A–G

With 713 Figures and 211 Tables

123

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Professor em. Dr. Robert F. Schmidt Physiological Institute

University of Würzburg Röntgenring 9

97070 Würzburg Germany

rfs@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de

Professor Dr. William D. Willis

Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of Texas Medical Branch

301 University Boulevard Galveston

TX 77555-1069 USA

wdwillis@utmb.edu

ISBN-13: 978-3-540-43957-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This publication is available also as:

Electronic publication under 978-3-540-29805-2 and Print and electronic bundle under ISBN 978-3-540-33447-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2006925866

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer- Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about the application of operative techniques and medications contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature.

Editor: Thomas Mager, Andrea Pillmann, Heidelberg

Development Editor: Michaela Bilic, Natasja Sheriff, Heidelberg Production Editor: Frank Krabbes, Heidelberg

Cover Design: Frido Steinen-Broo, Spain

Printed on acid free paper SPIN: 10877912 2109fk - 5 4 3 2 1 0

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Preface

As all medical students know, pain is the most common reason for a person to consult a physician. Under ordinary circumstances, acute pain has a useful, protective function. It discourages the individual from activities that aggravate the pain, allowing faster recovery from tissue damage. The physician can often tell from the nature of the pain what its source is. In most cases, treatment of the underlying condition resolves the pain. By contrast, children born with congenital insensitivity to pain suffer repeated physical damage and die young (see Sweet WH (1981) Pain 10:275).

Pain resulting from difficult to treat or untreatable conditions can become persistent. Chronic pain “never has a biologic function but is a malefic force that often imposes severe emotional, physical, economic, and social stresses on the patient and on the family. . . ” (Bonica JJ (1990) The Management of Pain, vol 1, 2^ndedn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, p 19). Chronic pain can be considered a disease in its own right.

Pain is a complex phenomenon. It has been defined by the Taxonomy Committee of the International Association for the Study of Pain as “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” (Merskey H and Bogduk N (1994) Classification of Chronic Pain, 2^ndedn. IASP Press, Seattle). It is often ongoing, but in some cases it may be evoked by stimuli. Hyperalgesia occurs when there is an increase in pain intensity in response to stimuli that are normally painful. Allodynia is pain that is evoked by stimuli that are normally non-painful.

Acute pain is generally attributable to the activation of primary afferent neurons called nociceptors (Sherrington CS (1906) The Integrative Action of the Nervous System. Yale University Press, New Haven; 2^ndedn, 1947). These sensory nerve fibers have high thresholds and respond to strong stimuli that threaten or cause injury to tissues of the body. Chronic pain may result from continuous or repeated activation of nociceptors, as in some forms of cancer or in chronic inflammatory states, such as arthritis.

However, chronic pain can also be produced by damage to nervous tissue. If peripheral nerves are injured, peripheral neuropathic pain may develop. Damage to certain parts of the central nervous system may result in central neuropathic pain. Examples of conditions that can cause central neuropathic pain include spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular accidents, and multiple sclerosis.

Research on pain in humans has been an important clinical topic for many years. Basic science studies were relatively few in number until experimental work on pain accelerated following detailed descriptions of peripheral nociceptors and central nociceptive neurons that were made in the 1960’s and 70’s, by the discovery of the endogenous opioid compounds and the descending pain control systems in the 1970’s and the application of modern imaging techniques to visualize areas of the brain that are affected by pain in the 1990’s. Accompanying these advances has been the development of a number of animal models of human pain states, with the goal of using these to examine pain mechanisms and also to test analgesic drugs or non-pharmacologic interventions that might prove useful for the treatment of pain in humans. Basic research on pain now emphasizes multidisciplinary approaches, including behavioral testing, electrophysiology and the application of many of the techniques of modern cell and molecular biology, including the use of transgenic animals.

The “Encyclopedia of Pain” is meant to provide a source of information that spans contemporary basic and clinical research on pain and pain therapy. It should be useful not only to researchers in these fields but also to practicing physicians and other health care professionals and to health care educators and administrators. The work is subdivided into 35 Fields, and the Field Editor of each of these describes the areas covered in the Fields in a brief review chapter.

The topics included in a Field are the subject of a series of short essays, accompanied by key words, definitions,

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VI Preface

illustrations, and a list of significant references. The number of authors who have contributed to the encyclopedia exceeds 550. The plan of the publisher, Springer-Verlag, is to produce both print and electronic versions of this encyclopedia. Numerous links within the electronic version should make comprehensive searches easy to manage.

The electronic version will be updated at sufficiently short intervals to ensure that the content remains current.

The editors thank the staff at Springer-Verlag who have provided oversight for this project, including Rolf Lange, Thomas Mager, Claudia Lange, Natasja Sheriff, and Michaela Bilic. Working with these outstanding individuals has been a pleasure.

July 2006

ROBERTF. SCHMIDT WILLIAMD. WILLIS

Würzburg, Germany Galveston, Texas, USA

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Editors-in-Chief

ROBERTR. SCHMIDT

Physiological Institute University of Würzburg Würzburg

Germany

rfs@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de

WILLIAMD. WILLIS

Galveston, TX USA

wdwillis@utmb.edu

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Field Editors

A. VANIAAPKARIAN

Department of Physiology

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL

USA

a-apkarian@northwestern.edu

LARSARENDT-NIELSEN

Laboratory for Experimental Pain Research Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Aalborg University

Aalborg Denmark lan@hst.aau.dk CARLOSBELMONTE

Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC San Juan de Alicante

Spain

carlos.belmonte@umh.es PHILLIPBERRYHILL

PMG Cedar Neurosurgery Albuquerque, NM USA

phillip.berryhill@mac.com NIELSBIRBAUMER

Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology

University of Tübingen Tübingen

Germany

niels.birbaumer@uni-tuebingen.de NIKOLAIBOGDUK

Department of Clinical Research Royal Newcastle Hospital Newcastle University of Newcastle

Newcastle, NSW Australia

michelle.gillam@newcastle.edu.au

SIRMICHAEL R. BOND

University of Glasgow Glasgow

UK

m.bond@admin.gla.ac.uk KIMJ. BURCHIEL

Department of Neurological Surgery The Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, OR

USA

burchiek@ohsu.edu KENNETHL. CASEY

Department of Neurology and

Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Michigan

and

Consultant in Neurology

Veterans Administration Medical Center Ann Arbor, MI

USA

kencasey@umich.edu JINMOCHUNG

Galveston, TX USA

jmchung@utmb.edu MICHAELJ. COUSINS

Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management Royal North Shore Hospital

University of Sydney St. Leonards, NSW Australia

mcousins@nsccahs.health.nsw.gov.au MARSHALLDEVOR

Department of Cell and Animal Biology Institute of Life Sciences and

Center for Research on Pain Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem

Israel

marshlu@vms.huji.ac.il

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X Field Editors

HANS-CHRISTOPHDIENER

Deptartment of Neurology University of Duisburg-Essen Essen

Germany

h.diener@uni-essen.de JONATHANO. DOSTROVSKY

Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, ON

Canada

j.dostrovsky@utoronto.ca RONALDDUBNER

Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Maryland

Baltimore, MD USA

rdubner@umaryland.edu HERTAFLOR

Department of Neuropsychology at the University of Heidelberg

Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim

Germany

flor@zi-mannheim.de GERALDF. GEBHART

Department of Pharmacology University of Iowa

Iowa City, IA USA

gf-gebhart@uiowa.edu GERDGEISSLINGER

Institute for Clinical Pharmacology pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES

Clinical Centre of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main

Frankfurt Germany

geisslinger@em.uni-frankfurt.de GLENNJ. GIESLERJR.

Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN USA

giesler@mail.ahc.umn.edu PETERJ. GOADSBY

Institute of Neurology

The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery

London UK

peterg@ion.ucl.ac.uk

HERMANNO. HANDWERKER

Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Erlangen/Nürnberg

Erlangen Germany

handwerker@physiologie1.uni-erlangen.de WILFRIDJÄNIG

Physiology Institute

Christian Albrechts University Kiel Kiel

Germany

w.janig@physiologie.uni-kiel.de MARTINKOLTZENBURG

Institute of Child Health and Institute of Neurology University College London

London UK

m.koltzenburg@ich.ucl.ac.uk FREDA. LENZ

Departments of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD

USA

flenz1@jhmi.edu ROSSMACPHERSON

rmacpher@nsccahs.health.nsw.gov.au PATRICIAA. MCGRATH

Department of Anaesthesia

Divisional Centre of Pain Management and Research The Hospital for Sick Children

and

Brain and Behavior Program

Research Institute at The Hospital for Sick Children and

Department of Anaesthesia University of Toronto Toronto, ON

Canada

FRANKPORRECA

Departments of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology University of Arizona

Health Sciences Center Tucson, AZ

USA

frankp@u.arizona.edu

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Field Editors XI

RUSSELLK. PORTENOY

Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care Beth Israel Medical Center

New York, NY USA

rportenoy@chpnet.org JAMESP. ROBINSON

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA

USA

jimrob@u.washington.edu HANS-GEORGSCHAIBLE

Department of Physiology University of Jena Jena

Germany

hans-georg.schaible@mti.uni-jena.de BARRYJ. SESSLE

Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and

Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto, ON

Canada

barry.sessle@utoronto.ca BENGTH. SJÖLUND

Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims

South Danish University Copenhagen

Denmark bsj@rct.dk

DENNISC. TURK

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA

USA

turkdc@u.washington.edu

URSULAWESSELMANN

Departments of Neurology

Neurological Surgery and Biomedical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD

USA

pain@jhmi.edu

GEORGEL. WILCOX

Department of Neuroscience Pharmacology and Dermatology University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN

USA

george@umn.edu

ROBERTP. YEZIERSKI

Department of Orthodontics

Comprehensive Center for Pain Research and The McKnight Brain Institute

University of Florida Gainesville, FL USA

ryezierski@dental.ufl.edu

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List of Contributors

TIPUAAMIR

The Auckland Regional Pain Service Auckland Hospital

Auckland New Zealand bobl@adhb.govt.nz CATHERINEABBADIE

Department of Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories Rahway, NJ

USA

catherine_abbadie@merck.com FRANCESV. ABBOTT

Department of Psychiatry and Psychology McGill University

Montreal, QC Canada

HEATHERADAMS

Department of Psychology University of Montreal Montreal, QC

Canada

heather.adams@umontreal.ca ROLFH. ADLER

Prof. em. Medicine Kehrsatz

Switzerland

CLAIRED. ADVOKAT

Department of Psychology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA

USA

cadvoka@lsu.edu SHEFALIAGARWAL

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD

USA

RETOM. AGOSTI

Headache Center Hirlsanden Zürich

Switzerland

reto.agosti@kopfwww.ch HUGOVANAKEN

Clinic and Policlinic for Anaesthesiology and operative Intensive Medicine

University Hospital Münster Münster

Germany

ELIED. AL-CHAER

Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences College of Medicine

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Center for Pain Research

Pediatrics Little Rock, AR USA

ealchaer@uams.edu

MARIE-CLAIREALBANESE

Department of Psychology McGill University

Montreal, QC Canada

mclaire@bic.mni.mcgill.ca KATHRYNM. ALBERS

Department of Medicine

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA

USA

kaa2@pitt.edu TERRYALTILIO

Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care Beth Israel Medical Center

New York, NY USA

taltilio@chpnet.org

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XIV List of Contributors

RAINERAMANN

Medical University Graz Graz

Austria

rainer.amann@meduni-graz.at RONAMIR

Institute of Life Sciences and Center for Research on Pain Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem

Israel

ronamir@pob.huji.ac.il PRAVEENANAND

Peripheral Neuropathy Unit Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital London

UK

p.anand@imperial.ac.uk OLEK. ANDERSEN

Department of Health Science & Technology Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Aalborg University

Aalborg Denmark oka@hst.aau.dk STANANDERSON

Departments of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD

USA

WILLIAMS. ANDERSON

Department of Neurological Surgery Johns Hopkins Hospital

Baltimore, MD USA

wanderso@jhmi.edu KARL-ERIKANDERSSON

Departments of Clinical Pharmacology Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund University Hospital

Lund Sweden

FRANKANDRASIK

University of West Florida Pensacola, FL

USA

fandrasik@uwf.edu

A. VANIAAPKARIAN

Department of Physiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago, IL

USA

a-apkarian@northwestern.edu LARSARENDT-NIELSEN

Laboratory for Experimental Pain Research Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Aalborg University

Aalborg Denmark lan@hst.aau.dk KIRSTENARNDT

CNS Pharmacology Pain Research

Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach/Riss

Germany

kirsten.arndt@bc.boehringer-ingelheim.de ERIKASKENASY

Health Science Center at Houston Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Texas

Houston, TX USA

CHRISTOPHAUFENBERG

Functional Neurosurgery Neurosurgical Clinic University Hospital Zürich

Switzerland BEATEAVERBECK

Sanofi–Aventis Deutschland GmbH Frankfurt

Germany

beate.averbeck@sanofi-aventis.com QASIMAZIZ

Section of GI Sciences Hope Hospital

University of Manchester Salford

UK

F. W. BACH

Danish Pain Research Center and Department of Neurology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus

Denmark

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List of Contributors XV

S. K. BACK

Medical Science Research Center and Department of Physiology

Korea University College of Medicine Seoul

Korea

MISHA-MIROSLAVBACKONJA

Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI

USA

backonja@neurology.wisc.edu

CARSTENBANTEL

Magill Department of Anaesthetics Chelsea and Westminster Campus Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London

UK

c.bantel@imperial.ac.uk

ALEXBARLING

Department of Neurology

Birmingham Muscle and Nerve Centre Queen Elizabeth Hospital

Birmingham UK

corisanderoad@aol.com

RALFBARON

Department of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy

Christian Albrechts University Kiel Kiel

Germany

r.baron@neurologie.uni-kiel.de

GORDONA. BARR

Department of Psychology Hunter College

Graduate Center

City University of New York and

Department of Developmental Psychobiology New York State Psychiatric Institute

Department of Psychiatry Medical Center

Columbia University New York, NY USA

gbarr@hunter.cuny.edu

JEFFREYR. BASFORD

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation

Rochester, MN USA

basford.jeffrey@mayo.edu HEINZ-DIETERBASLER

Institute of Medical Psychology University of Marburg

Marburg Germany

basler@med.uni-marburg.de MICHELEC. BATTIÉ

Department of Physical Therapy University of Alberta

Edmonton, AB Canada

michele.critesbattie@ualberta.ca ULFBAUMGÄRTNER

Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Johannes Gutenberg University

Mainz Germany

JOLENED. BEAN-LIJEWSKI

Department of Anesthesiology Scott and White Memorial Hospital Temple, TX

USA

jbean-lijewski@swmail.sw.org ALAINBEAUDET

Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University

Montreal, QC Canada

abeaudet@frsq.gouv.gc.ca LINOBECERRA

Brain Imaging Center

McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School Belmont, MA

USA

lbecerra@mclean.harvard.edu YAAKOVBEILIN

Department of Anesthesiology and Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY

USA

yaakov.beilin@mountsinai.org

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XVI List of Contributors

ALVINJ. BEITZ

Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota

St. Paul, MN USA

beitz001@tc.umn.edu MILESJ. BELGRADE

Fairview Pain & Palliative Care

University of Minnesota Medical Center and

University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN

USA

mbelgra1@fairview.org CARLOVALERIOBELLIENI

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit University Hospital

Siena Italy

bellieni@iol.it CARLOSBELMONTE

Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC San Juan de Alicante

Spain

carlos.belmonte@umh.es ALLANJ. BELZBERG

Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD

USA

abelzber@jhmi.edu FABRIZIOBENEDETTI

Department of Neuroscience

Clinical and Applied Physiology Program University of Turin Medical School Turin

Italy

fabrizio.benedetti@unito.it ROBERTBENNETT

Department of Medicine

Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR

USA

bennetrob1@comcast.net DAVIDBENNETT

Department of Neurology King’s College Hospital London

UK

dlhbennett@talk21.com

MAURICEF. BENSIGNOR

Centre Catherine de Sienne Reze

France

dr.ben@wanadoo.fr EDWARDBENZEL

The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Department of Neurosurgery Cleveland Clinic Spine Institute Cleveland, OH

USA

benzele@ccf.org DAVIDA. BEREITER

Department of Surgery Brown Medical School Providence, RI USA

david_bereiter@brown.edu ELMARBERENDES

Clinic and Policlinic for Anaesthesiology and operative Intensive Medicine

University Hospital Münster Münster

Germany

berendes@klinikum-krefeld.de KARENJ. BERKLEY

Program in Neuroscience Florida State University Tallahassee, FL USA

kberkley@darwin.psy.fsu.edu PETERBERLIT

Department of Neurology Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen

Germany

peter.berlit@krupp-krankenhaus.de JEAN-FRANÇOISBERNARD

Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière

Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale

INSERM U-677 Paris

France

jfbernar@ext.jussieu.fr ANNEKJØRSVIKBERTELSEN

Department of Neurology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen

Norway

anne.kjorsvik@biomed.uib.no

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List of Contributors XVII

MARCELOE. BIGAL

Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY

and

The New England Center for Headache Stamford, CT

and

Montefiore Headache Unit, Bronx, NY

USA

YITZCHAKM. BINIK

McGill University Montreal, QC Canada

binik@ego.psych.mcgill.ca NIELSBIRBAUMER

Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology

University of Tübingen Tübingen

Germany

niels.birbaumer@uni-tuebingen.de FRANKBIRKLEIN

Department of Neurology University of Mainz Mainz

Germany

birklein@neurologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de THOMASBISHOP

Centre for Neuroscience King’s College London London

UK

thomas.bishop@kcl.ac.uk HENNINGBLIDDAL

The Parker Institute Frederiksberg Hospital Copenhagen

Denmark hb@fh.hosp.dk RONALDH. BLUM

Beth Israel Medical Center New York, NY

USA

rblum@bethisraelny.org JAMESA. BLUNK

Clinic for Anaesthesiology University of Erlangen Erlangen

Germany

blunk@physiologie1.uni-erlangen.de

NIKOLAIBOGDUK

Department of Clinical Research Royal Newcastle Hospital Newcastle, NSW

Australia

michelle.gillam@newcastle.edu.au JÖRGENBOIVIE

Department of Neurology University Hospital Linköping

Sweden

jorgen.boivie@lio.se SIRMICHAEL R. BOND

University of Glasgow Glasgow

UK

m.bond@admin.gla.ac.uk RICHARDL. BOORTZ-MARX

Department of Neurosciences

Gundersen Lutheran Health Care System La Crosse, WI

USA

rlboortz@gundluth.org JAMESM. BOROWCZYK

Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Medicine

Christchurch Public Hospital

Christchurch Clinical School of Medicine and Health Sciences

Christchurch New Zealand jmbor@clear.net.nz DAVIDBORSOOK

Brain Imaging Center

McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School Belmont, MA

USA

GEORGES. BORSZCZ

Department of Psychology Wayne State University Detroit, MI

USA

borszcz@wayne.edu JASENKABORZAN

Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD

USA

jborzan1@jhmi.edu

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XVIII List of Contributors

REGINAM. BOTTING

The William Harvey Research Institute The John Vane Science Centre

Queen Mary University of London

St Bartholomew’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry

London UK

r.m.botting@qmul.ac.uk DAVIDBOWSHER

Pain Research Institute University Hospital Aintree Liverpool

UK

pri@liv.ac.uk or bowsher@liv.ac.uk EMMAL. BRANDON

Royal Perth Hospital and University of Western Australia Crawley, WA

Australia

HARALDBREIVIK

Rikshospitalet University Hospital Rikshospitalet

Norway

harald.breivik@klinmed.uio.no CHRISTOPHERR. BRIGHAM

Brigham and Associates Inc.

Portland, OR USA

cbrigham@brighamassociates.com STEPHENC. BROWN

Department of Anesthesia

Divisional Centre of Pain Management and Pain Research

The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON

Canada

stephen.brown@sickkids.ca JEFFREYA. BROWN

Department of Neurological Surgery Wayne State University

School of Medicine

Detroit and Neurological Surgery NY, USA

jbrown@neurosurgery.wayne.edu EDUARDOBRUERA

Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine

The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center

Houston, TX USA

ebruera@mdanderson.org

PABLOBRUMOVSKY

Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute

Stockholm Sweden and

Neuroscience Laboratory Austral University Buenos Aires Argentina KAYBRUNE

Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen

Germany

kay.brune@pharmakologie.uni-erlangen.de MARIABURIAN

Pharmacological Center Frankfurt

Clinical Center Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt

Germany

burian@em.uni-frankfurt.de RICHARDBURSTAL

John Hunter Royal Hospital Newcastle, NSW

Australia

richard.burstal@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au DANBUSKILA

Rheumatic Disease Unit Faculty of Health Sciences Soroka Medical Center Ben Gurion University Beer Sheva

Israel

dbuskila@bgumail.bgu.ac.il CATHERINEM. CAHILL

Queen’s University Kingston, ON Canada

cahillc@post.queensu.ca BRIANE. CAIRNS

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC

Canada

brcairns@interchange.ubc.ca NIGELA. CALCUTT

Department of Pathology

University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA

USA

ncalcutt@ucsd.edu

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List of Contributors XIX

KATHARINEANDREWSCAMPBELL

Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology University College London

London UK

k.campbell@ich.ucl.ac.uk JAMESN. CAMPBELL

Department of Neurosurgery

USA

jcampbel@jhmi.edu ADAMCARINCI

USA

GIANCARLOCARLI

Department of Physiology University of Siena Siena

Italy

carlig@unisi.it

CHRISTERP.O. CARLSSON

Rehabilitation Department Lunds University Hosptial Lund

Sweden

akusyd@swipnet.se SUSANM. CARLTON

Marine Biomedical Institute University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX

USA

smcarlto@utmb.edu KENNETHL. CASEY

Department of Neurology University of Michigan and

Neurology Research Laboratory VA Medical Center

Ann Arbor, MI USA

kencasey@umich.edu CHRISTINET. CHAMBERS

Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre Halifax, NS

Canada

christine.chambers@dal.ca

SANDRACHAPLAN

Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research &

Development San Diego, CA USA

schaplan@prius.jnj.com C. RICHARDCHAPMAN

Pain Research Center

Department of Anesthesiology University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, UT

USA

crc20@utah.edu

SANTOSHK. CHATURVEDI

National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences Bangalore

India

chatur@nimhans.kar.nic.in ANDREWC. N. CHEN

Human Brain Mapping and Cortical Imaging Laboratory

Aalborg University Aalborg

Denmark ac@smi.auc.dk ANDREACHEVILLE

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA

USA

acheville@aol.com

NAOMIL. CHILLINGWORTH

Department of Physiology School of Medical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol

UK

CATHERINECHO

Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratories Mount Sinai Medical Center

New York, NY USA

EDWARDCHOW

Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center University of Toronto

Toronto, ON Canada

edward.chow@sw.ca JULIEA. CHRISTIANSON

University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA

USA

jcc26+@pitt.edu

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XX List of Contributors

MACDONALDJ. CHRISTIE

Pain Management Research Institute and Kolling Institute

University of Sydney Sydney, NSW Australia

macc@med.usyd.edu.au KYUNGSOONCHUNG

Galveston, TX USA

kchung@utmb.edu JINMOCHUNG

Galveston, TX USA

jmchung@utmb.edu W. CRAWFORDCLARK

College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University

New York, NY USA

USAclarkcr@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu JUDYCLARKE

Institute for Work & Health Toronto, ON

Canada

jclarke@iwh.on.ca JAMESF. CLEARY

University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center

Madison, WI USA

jfcleary@wisc.edu CHARLESS. CLEELAND

The University of Texas M. D.

Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX

USA

ccleeland@mdanderson.org JOHN DECLERCQ

Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy

Ghent University Hospital Ghent

Belgium

TERENCEJ. CODERRE

Department of Anesthesia

Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychology McGill University

Montreal, QC Canada

terence.coderre@mcgill.ca ROBERTC. COGHILL

Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC

USA

rcoghill@wfubmc.edu ALANL. COLLEDGE

Utah Labor Commission

International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions

Salt Lake City, UT USA

farmboyac@msn.com BEVERLYJ. COLLETT

University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester

UK

beverly.collett@uhl.tr-nhs.uk LESLEYA. COLVIN

Department of Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Western General Hospital Edinburgh

UK

lesley.colvin@ed.ac.uk KEVINC. CONLON

Trinity College Dublin University of Dublin and

The Adelaide and Meath Hospital incorporating The National Children’s Hospital

Dublin Ireland

profsurg@tcd.ie BRIANY. COOPER

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Florida

Gainesville, FL USA

bcooper@dental.ufl.edu CHRISTINECORDLE

University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester

UK

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List of Contributors XXI

MICHAELJ. COUSINS

mcousins@nsccahs.health.nsw.gov.au VERNEC. COX

Department of Psychology University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, TX

USA

REBECCAM. CRAFT

Washington State University Pullman, WA

USA

craft@wsu.edu KENNETHD. CRAIG

Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC

Canada

kcraig@psych.ubc.ca GEERTCROMBEZ

Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology

Ghent University Ghent

Belgium

geert.crombez@ugent.be JOANCROOK

Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation Hamilton, ON

Canada

GIORGIOCRUCCU

Department of Neurological Sciences La Sapienza University

Rome Italy

cruccu@uniroma1.it MICHELECURATOLO

Department of Anesthesiology Division of Pain Therapy University Hospital of Bern Inselspital

Bern Switzerland

michele.curatolo@insel.ch

F. MICHAELCUTRER

Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic

Rochester, MN USA

cutrer.michael@mayo.edu NACHUMDAFNY

Health Science Center at Houston Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Texas

Houston, TX USA

nachum.dafny@uth.tmc.edu JØRGENB. DAHL

Department of Anaesthesiology Glostrup University Hospital Herlev

Denmark

jbdahl@dadlnet.dk YIDAI

Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Hyogo College of Medicine

Hyogo Japan

STEFAAN VANDAMME

Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology

Ghent University Ghent

Belgium

stefaan.vandamme@ugent.be ALEXANDREF. M. DASILVA

Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital

Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA USA

alexandr@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu BRIANDAVIS

University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA

USA

davisb@dom.pitt.edu KAREND. DAVIS

University of Toronto and the Toronto Western Research Institute University Health Network Toronto, ON

Canada

kdavis@uhnres.utoronto.ca

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XXII List of Contributors

RICHARDO. DAY

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences

University of New South Wales and

Department of Clinical Pharmacology St Vincent’s Hospital

Sydney, NSW Australia

r.day@unsw.edu.au

ISABELLEDECOSTERD

Anesthesiology Pain Research Group Department of Anesthesiology

University Hospital (CHUV) and Department of Cell Biology and Morphology

Lausanne University Lausanne

Switzerland

isabelle.decosterd@chuv.ch JOYCEA. DELEO

Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Dartmouth Medical School

Lebanon, NH USA

joyce.a.deleo@dartmouth.edu

A. LEEDELLON

Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD

USA

aldellon@starpower.net

MARSHALLDEVOR

Institute of Life Sciences and Center for Research on Pain Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem

Israel

marshlu@vms.huji.ac.il

DAVIDDIAMANT

Neurological and Spinal Surgery Lincoln, NE

USA

ddiamant@neb.rr.com ANTHONYH. DICKENSON

Department of Pharmacology University College London London

UK

anthony.dickenson@ucl.ac.uk

HANS-CHRISTOPHDIENER

Department of Neurology University Hospital of Essen Essen

Germany

h.diener@uni-essen.de ADAM VANDIJK

Department of Anesthesiology Queen’s University

Kingston General Hospital Kingston, ON

Canada

NATALIADMITRIEVA

Program in Neuroscience Florida State University Tallahassee, FL USA

dmitrieva@darwin.psy.fsu.edu REGINALDJ. DOCHERTY

Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases King’s College London

London UK

reginald.docherty@kcl.ac.uk LUCYF. DONALDSON

Department of Physiology School of Medical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol

UK

lucy.donaldson@bris.ac.uk HENRIDOODS

CNS Pharmacology Pain Research

Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.

KG

Biberach/Riss Germany VICTORIADORF

Social Security Administration Baltimore, MD

USA

victoria.dorf@ssa.gov MICHAELJ. DORSI

Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD

USA

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List of Contributors XXIII

JONATHANO. DOSTROVSKY

Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, ON

Canada

j.dostrovsky@utoronto.ca PAULDREYFUSS

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Washington

Seattle, WA USA

pauldspine@aol.com PETERD. DRUMMOND

School of Psychology Murdoch University Perth, WA

Australia

p.drummond@murdoch.edu.au RONALDDUBNER

University of Maryland

Department of Biomedical Sciences Baltimore, MD

USA

rdubner@umaryland.edu ANNEDUCROS

Headache Emergency Department and

Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière Lariboisière Hospital

Paris France

anne.ducros@lrb.ap-hop-paris.fr GARYDUNCAN

Department of Psychology McGill University

Montreal, QC Canada

MARYJ. EATON

Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami, FL

USA

meaton@miami.edu ANDREAEBERSBERGER

Department of Physiology

Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Jena

Germany

andrea.ebersberger@mti.uni-jena.de

CHRISTOPHERECCLESTON

Pain Management Unit University of Bath Bath

UK

c.eccleston@bath.ac.uk JOHNEDMEADS

Sunnybrook and Woman’s College Health Sciences Centre

University of Toronto Toronto, ON

Canada

john.edmeads@sw.ca ROBERTR. EDWARDS

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD

USA

redwar10@jhmi.edu EVANR. EISENBERG

Department of Urology

Long Island Jewish Medical Center New York, NY

USA

JANETW. M. ELLIS

Department of Anaesthesia

Divisional Centre for Pain Management and

Pain Research

The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON

Canada

joostjanet@rogers.com JOYCEM. ENGEL

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Washington

Seattle, WA USA

knowles@u.washington.edu MATTHEWENNIS

Deptartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN

USA

mennis@utmem.edu EDZARDERNST

Complementary Medicine Peninsula Medical School

Universities of Exeter and Plymouth Exeter

UK

edzard.ernst@pms.ac.uk