Encyclopedia of Pain
Encyclopedia of Pain
Volume 1 A–G
With 713 Figures and 211 Tables
123
Professor em. Dr. Robert F. Schmidt Physiological Institute
University of Würzburg Röntgenring 9
97070 Würzburg Germany
Professor Dr. William D. Willis
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of Texas Medical Branch
301 University Boulevard Galveston
TX 77555-1069 USA
ISBN-13: 978-3-540-43957-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This publication is available also as:
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Preface
As all medical students know, pain is the most common reason for a person to consult a physician. Under ordinary circumstances, acute pain has a useful, protective function. It discourages the individual from activities that aggravate the pain, allowing faster recovery from tissue damage. The physician can often tell from the nature of the pain what its source is. In most cases, treatment of the underlying condition resolves the pain. By contrast, children born with congenital insensitivity to pain suffer repeated physical damage and die young (see Sweet WH (1981) Pain 10:275).
Pain resulting from difficult to treat or untreatable conditions can become persistent. Chronic pain “never has a biologic function but is a malefic force that often imposes severe emotional, physical, economic, and social stresses on the patient and on the family. . . ” (Bonica JJ (1990) The Management of Pain, vol 1, 2ndedn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, p 19). Chronic pain can be considered a disease in its own right.
Pain is a complex phenomenon. It has been defined by the Taxonomy Committee of the International Association for the Study of Pain as “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” (Merskey H and Bogduk N (1994) Classification of Chronic Pain, 2ndedn. IASP Press, Seattle). It is often ongoing, but in some cases it may be evoked by stimuli. Hyperalgesia occurs when there is an increase in pain intensity in response to stimuli that are normally painful. Allodynia is pain that is evoked by stimuli that are normally non-painful.
Acute pain is generally attributable to the activation of primary afferent neurons called nociceptors (Sherrington CS (1906) The Integrative Action of the Nervous System. Yale University Press, New Haven; 2ndedn, 1947). These sensory nerve fibers have high thresholds and respond to strong stimuli that threaten or cause injury to tissues of the body. Chronic pain may result from continuous or repeated activation of nociceptors, as in some forms of cancer or in chronic inflammatory states, such as arthritis.
However, chronic pain can also be produced by damage to nervous tissue. If peripheral nerves are injured, peripheral neuropathic pain may develop. Damage to certain parts of the central nervous system may result in central neuropathic pain. Examples of conditions that can cause central neuropathic pain include spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular accidents, and multiple sclerosis.
Research on pain in humans has been an important clinical topic for many years. Basic science studies were relatively few in number until experimental work on pain accelerated following detailed descriptions of peripheral nocicep- tors and central nociceptive neurons that were made in the 1960’s and 70’s, by the discovery of the endogenous opioid compounds and the descending pain control systems in the 1970’s and the application of modern imaging techniques to visualize areas of the brain that are affected by pain in the 1990’s. Accompanying these advances has been the development of a number of animal models of human pain states, with the goal of using these to examine pain mechanisms and also to test analgesic drugs or non-pharmacologic interventions that might prove useful for the treatment of pain in humans. Basic research on pain now emphasizes multidisciplinary approaches, including behavioral testing, electrophysiology and the application of many of the techniques of modern cell and molecular biology, including the use of transgenic animals.
The “Encyclopedia of Pain” is meant to provide a source of information that spans contemporary basic and clinical research on pain and pain therapy. It should be useful not only to researchers in these fields but also to practicing physicians and other health care professionals and to health care educators and administrators. The work is subdivided into 35 Fields, and the Field Editor of each of these describes the areas covered in the Fields in a brief review chapter.
The topics included in a Field are the subject of a series of short essays, accompanied by key words, definitions,
VI Preface
illustrations, and a list of significant references. The number of authors who have contributed to the encyclopedia exceeds 550. The plan of the publisher, Springer-Verlag, is to produce both print and electronic versions of this encyclopedia. Numerous links within the electronic version should make comprehensive searches easy to manage.
The electronic version will be updated at sufficiently short intervals to ensure that the content remains current.
The editors thank the staff at Springer-Verlag who have provided oversight for this project, including Rolf Lange, Thomas Mager, Claudia Lange, Natasja Sheriff, and Michaela Bilic. Working with these outstanding individuals has been a pleasure.
July 2006
ROBERTF. SCHMIDT WILLIAMD. WILLIS
Würzburg, Germany Galveston, Texas, USA
Editors-in-Chief
ROBERTR. SCHMIDT
Physiological Institute University of Würzburg Würzburg
Germany
WILLIAMD. WILLIS
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, TX USA
Field Editors
A. VANIAAPKARIAN
Department of Physiology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL
USA
LARSARENDT-NIELSEN
Laboratory for Experimental Pain Research Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Aalborg University
Aalborg Denmark [email protected] CARLOSBELMONTE
Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC San Juan de Alicante
Spain
[email protected] PHILLIPBERRYHILL
PMG Cedar Neurosurgery Albuquerque, NM USA
[email protected] NIELSBIRBAUMER
Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology
University of Tübingen Tübingen
Germany
[email protected] NIKOLAIBOGDUK
Department of Clinical Research Royal Newcastle Hospital Newcastle University of Newcastle
Newcastle, NSW Australia
SIRMICHAEL R. BOND
University of Glasgow Glasgow
UK
[email protected] KIMJ. BURCHIEL
Department of Neurological Surgery The Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, OR
USA
[email protected] KENNETHL. CASEY
Department of Neurology and
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Michigan
and
Consultant in Neurology
Veterans Administration Medical Center Ann Arbor, MI
USA
[email protected] JINMOCHUNG
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, TX USA
[email protected] MICHAELJ. COUSINS
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management Royal North Shore Hospital
University of Sydney St. Leonards, NSW Australia
[email protected] MARSHALLDEVOR
Department of Cell and Animal Biology Institute of Life Sciences and
Center for Research on Pain Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem
Israel
X Field Editors
HANS-CHRISTOPHDIENER
Deptartment of Neurology University of Duisburg-Essen Essen
Germany
[email protected] JONATHANO. DOSTROVSKY
Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, ON
Canada
[email protected] RONALDDUBNER
Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Maryland
Baltimore, MD USA
[email protected] HERTAFLOR
Department of Neuropsychology at the University of Heidelberg
Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim
Germany
[email protected] GERALDF. GEBHART
Department of Pharmacology University of Iowa
Iowa City, IA USA
[email protected] GERDGEISSLINGER
Institute for Clinical Pharmacology pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES
Clinical Centre of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt Germany
[email protected] GLENNJ. GIESLERJR.
Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN USA
[email protected] PETERJ. GOADSBY
Institute of Neurology
The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
London UK
HERMANNO. HANDWERKER
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Erlangen/Nürnberg
Erlangen Germany
[email protected] WILFRIDJÄNIG
Physiology Institute
Christian Albrechts University Kiel Kiel
Germany
[email protected] MARTINKOLTZENBURG
Institute of Child Health and Institute of Neurology University College London
London UK
[email protected] FREDA. LENZ
Departments of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD
USA
[email protected] ROSSMACPHERSON
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management Royal North Shore Hospital
University of Sydney St. Leonards, NSW Australia
[email protected] PATRICIAA. MCGRATH
Department of Anaesthesia
Divisional Centre of Pain Management and Research The Hospital for Sick Children
and
Brain and Behavior Program
Research Institute at The Hospital for Sick Children and
Department of Anaesthesia University of Toronto Toronto, ON
Canada
FRANKPORRECA
Departments of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology University of Arizona
Health Sciences Center Tucson, AZ
USA
Field Editors XI
RUSSELLK. PORTENOY
Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care Beth Israel Medical Center
New York, NY USA
[email protected] JAMESP. ROBINSON
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA
USA
[email protected] HANS-GEORGSCHAIBLE
Department of Physiology University of Jena Jena
Germany
[email protected] BARRYJ. SESSLE
Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and
Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto, ON
Canada
[email protected] BENGTH. SJÖLUND
Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims
South Danish University Copenhagen
Denmark [email protected]
DENNISC. TURK
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA
USA
URSULAWESSELMANN
Departments of Neurology
Neurological Surgery and Biomedical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
USA
GEORGEL. WILCOX
Department of Neuroscience Pharmacology and Dermatology University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN
USA
ROBERTP. YEZIERSKI
Department of Orthodontics
Comprehensive Center for Pain Research and The McKnight Brain Institute
University of Florida Gainesville, FL USA
List of Contributors
TIPUAAMIR
The Auckland Regional Pain Service Auckland Hospital
Auckland New Zealand [email protected] CATHERINEABBADIE
Department of Pharmacology Merck Research Laboratories Rahway, NJ
USA
[email protected] FRANCESV. ABBOTT
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology McGill University
Montreal, QC Canada
HEATHERADAMS
Department of Psychology University of Montreal Montreal, QC
Canada
[email protected] ROLFH. ADLER
Prof. em. Medicine Kehrsatz
Switzerland
CLAIRED. ADVOKAT
Department of Psychology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA
USA
[email protected] SHEFALIAGARWAL
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
USA
RETOM. AGOSTI
Headache Center Hirlsanden Zürich
Switzerland
[email protected] HUGOVANAKEN
Clinic and Policlinic for Anaesthesiology and operative Intensive Medicine
University Hospital Münster Münster
Germany
ELIED. AL-CHAER
Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences College of Medicine
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Center for Pain Research
Pediatrics Little Rock, AR USA
MARIE-CLAIREALBANESE
Department of Psychology McGill University
Montreal, QC Canada
[email protected] KATHRYNM. ALBERS
Department of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA
USA
[email protected] TERRYALTILIO
Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care Beth Israel Medical Center
New York, NY USA
XIV List of Contributors
RAINERAMANN
Medical University Graz Graz
Austria
[email protected] RONAMIR
Institute of Life Sciences and Center for Research on Pain Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem
Israel
[email protected] PRAVEENANAND
Peripheral Neuropathy Unit Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital London
UK
[email protected] OLEK. ANDERSEN
Department of Health Science & Technology Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Aalborg University
Aalborg Denmark [email protected] STANANDERSON
Departments of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD
USA
WILLIAMS. ANDERSON
Department of Neurological Surgery Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, MD USA
[email protected] KARL-ERIKANDERSSON
Departments of Clinical Pharmacology Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund University Hospital
Lund Sweden
FRANKANDRASIK
University of West Florida Pensacola, FL
USA
A. VANIAAPKARIAN
Department of Physiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago, IL
USA
[email protected] LARSARENDT-NIELSEN
Laboratory for Experimental Pain Research Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Aalborg University
Aalborg Denmark [email protected] KIRSTENARNDT
CNS Pharmacology Pain Research
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach/Riss
Germany
[email protected] ERIKASKENASY
Health Science Center at Houston Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Texas
Houston, TX USA
CHRISTOPHAUFENBERG
Functional Neurosurgery Neurosurgical Clinic University Hospital Zürich
Switzerland BEATEAVERBECK
Sanofi–Aventis Deutschland GmbH Frankfurt
Germany
[email protected] QASIMAZIZ
Section of GI Sciences Hope Hospital
University of Manchester Salford
UK
F. W. BACH
Danish Pain Research Center and Department of Neurology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus
Denmark
List of Contributors XV
S. K. BACK
Medical Science Research Center and Department of Physiology
Korea University College of Medicine Seoul
Korea
MISHA-MIROSLAVBACKONJA
Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI
USA
CARSTENBANTEL
Magill Department of Anaesthetics Chelsea and Westminster Campus Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London
UK
ALEXBARLING
Department of Neurology
Birmingham Muscle and Nerve Centre Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Birmingham UK
RALFBARON
Department of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy
Department of Neurology
Christian Albrechts University Kiel Kiel
Germany
GORDONA. BARR
Department of Psychology Hunter College
Graduate Center
City University of New York and
Department of Developmental Psychobiology New York State Psychiatric Institute
Department of Psychiatry Medical Center
Columbia University New York, NY USA
JEFFREYR. BASFORD
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation
Rochester, MN USA
[email protected] HEINZ-DIETERBASLER
Institute of Medical Psychology University of Marburg
Marburg Germany
[email protected] MICHELEC. BATTIÉ
Department of Physical Therapy University of Alberta
Edmonton, AB Canada
[email protected] ULFBAUMGÄRTNER
Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz Germany
JOLENED. BEAN-LIJEWSKI
Department of Anesthesiology Scott and White Memorial Hospital Temple, TX
USA
[email protected] ALAINBEAUDET
Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University
Montreal, QC Canada
[email protected] LINOBECERRA
Brain Imaging Center
McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School Belmont, MA
USA
[email protected] YAAKOVBEILIN
Department of Anesthesiology and Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY
USA
XVI List of Contributors
ALVINJ. BEITZ
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota
St. Paul, MN USA
[email protected] MILESJ. BELGRADE
Fairview Pain & Palliative Care
University of Minnesota Medical Center and
Department of Neurology
University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN
USA
[email protected] CARLOVALERIOBELLIENI
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit University Hospital
Siena Italy
[email protected] CARLOSBELMONTE
Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC San Juan de Alicante
Spain
[email protected] ALLANJ. BELZBERG
Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
USA
[email protected] FABRIZIOBENEDETTI
Department of Neuroscience
Clinical and Applied Physiology Program University of Turin Medical School Turin
Italy
[email protected] ROBERTBENNETT
Department of Medicine
Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR
USA
[email protected] DAVIDBENNETT
Department of Neurology King’s College Hospital London
UK
MAURICEF. BENSIGNOR
Centre Catherine de Sienne Reze
France
[email protected] EDWARDBENZEL
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Department of Neurosurgery Cleveland Clinic Spine Institute Cleveland, OH
USA
[email protected] DAVIDA. BEREITER
Department of Surgery Brown Medical School Providence, RI USA
[email protected] ELMARBERENDES
Clinic and Policlinic for Anaesthesiology and operative Intensive Medicine
University Hospital Münster Münster
Germany
[email protected] KARENJ. BERKLEY
Program in Neuroscience Florida State University Tallahassee, FL USA
[email protected] PETERBERLIT
Department of Neurology Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen
Germany
[email protected] JEAN-FRANÇOISBERNARD
Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
INSERM U-677 Paris
France
[email protected] ANNEKJØRSVIKBERTELSEN
Department of Neurology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen
Norway
List of Contributors XVII
MARCELOE. BIGAL
Department of Neurology
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY
and
The New England Center for Headache Stamford, CT
and
Montefiore Headache Unit, Bronx, NY
USA
YITZCHAKM. BINIK
McGill University Montreal, QC Canada
[email protected] NIELSBIRBAUMER
Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology
University of Tübingen Tübingen
Germany
[email protected] FRANKBIRKLEIN
Department of Neurology University of Mainz Mainz
Germany
[email protected] THOMASBISHOP
Centre for Neuroscience King’s College London London
UK
[email protected] HENNINGBLIDDAL
The Parker Institute Frederiksberg Hospital Copenhagen
Denmark [email protected] RONALDH. BLUM
Beth Israel Medical Center New York, NY
USA
[email protected] JAMESA. BLUNK
Clinic for Anaesthesiology University of Erlangen Erlangen
Germany
NIKOLAIBOGDUK
Department of Clinical Research Royal Newcastle Hospital Newcastle, NSW
Australia
[email protected] JÖRGENBOIVIE
Department of Neurology University Hospital Linköping
Sweden
[email protected] SIRMICHAEL R. BOND
University of Glasgow Glasgow
UK
[email protected] RICHARDL. BOORTZ-MARX
Department of Neurosciences
Gundersen Lutheran Health Care System La Crosse, WI
USA
[email protected] JAMESM. BOROWCZYK
Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Medicine
Christchurch Public Hospital
Christchurch Clinical School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Christchurch New Zealand [email protected] DAVIDBORSOOK
Brain Imaging Center
McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School Belmont, MA
USA
GEORGES. BORSZCZ
Department of Psychology Wayne State University Detroit, MI
USA
[email protected] JASENKABORZAN
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD
USA
XVIII List of Contributors
REGINAM. BOTTING
The William Harvey Research Institute The John Vane Science Centre
Queen Mary University of London
St Bartholomew’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry
London UK
[email protected] DAVIDBOWSHER
Pain Research Institute University Hospital Aintree Liverpool
UK
[email protected] or [email protected] EMMAL. BRANDON
Royal Perth Hospital and University of Western Australia Crawley, WA
Australia
HARALDBREIVIK
Rikshospitalet University Hospital Rikshospitalet
Norway
[email protected] CHRISTOPHERR. BRIGHAM
Brigham and Associates Inc.
Portland, OR USA
[email protected] STEPHENC. BROWN
Department of Anesthesia
Divisional Centre of Pain Management and Pain Research
The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON
Canada
[email protected] JEFFREYA. BROWN
Department of Neurological Surgery Wayne State University
School of Medicine
Detroit and Neurological Surgery NY, USA
[email protected] EDUARDOBRUERA
Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine
The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, TX USA
PABLOBRUMOVSKY
Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute
Stockholm Sweden and
Neuroscience Laboratory Austral University Buenos Aires Argentina KAYBRUNE
Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen
Germany
[email protected] MARIABURIAN
Pharmacological Center Frankfurt
Clinical Center Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt
Germany
[email protected] RICHARDBURSTAL
John Hunter Royal Hospital Newcastle, NSW
Australia
[email protected] DANBUSKILA
Rheumatic Disease Unit Faculty of Health Sciences Soroka Medical Center Ben Gurion University Beer Sheva
Israel
[email protected] CATHERINEM. CAHILL
Queen’s University Kingston, ON Canada
[email protected] BRIANE. CAIRNS
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC
Canada
[email protected] NIGELA. CALCUTT
Department of Pathology
University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA
USA
List of Contributors XIX
KATHARINEANDREWSCAMPBELL
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology University College London
London UK
[email protected] JAMESN. CAMPBELL
Department of Neurosurgery
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
USA
[email protected] ADAMCARINCI
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
USA
GIANCARLOCARLI
Department of Physiology University of Siena Siena
Italy
CHRISTERP.O. CARLSSON
Rehabilitation Department Lunds University Hosptial Lund
Sweden
[email protected] SUSANM. CARLTON
Marine Biomedical Institute University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX
USA
[email protected] KENNETHL. CASEY
Department of Neurology University of Michigan and
Neurology Research Laboratory VA Medical Center
Ann Arbor, MI USA
[email protected] CHRISTINET. CHAMBERS
Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre Halifax, NS
Canada
SANDRACHAPLAN
Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research &
Development San Diego, CA USA
[email protected] C. RICHARDCHAPMAN
Pain Research Center
Department of Anesthesiology University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, UT
USA
SANTOSHK. CHATURVEDI
National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences Bangalore
India
[email protected] ANDREWC. N. CHEN
Human Brain Mapping and Cortical Imaging Laboratory
Aalborg University Aalborg
Denmark [email protected] ANDREACHEVILLE
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA
USA
NAOMIL. CHILLINGWORTH
Department of Physiology School of Medical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol
UK
CATHERINECHO
Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratories Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, NY USA
EDWARDCHOW
Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center University of Toronto
Toronto, ON Canada
[email protected] JULIEA. CHRISTIANSON
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA
USA
XX List of Contributors
MACDONALDJ. CHRISTIE
Pain Management Research Institute and Kolling Institute
University of Sydney Sydney, NSW Australia
[email protected] KYUNGSOONCHUNG
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, TX USA
[email protected] JINMOCHUNG
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, TX USA
[email protected] W. CRAWFORDCLARK
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
New York, NY USA
[email protected] JUDYCLARKE
Institute for Work & Health Toronto, ON
Canada
[email protected] JAMESF. CLEARY
University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center
Madison, WI USA
[email protected] CHARLESS. CLEELAND
The University of Texas M. D.
Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX
USA
[email protected] JOHN DECLERCQ
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy
Ghent University Hospital Ghent
Belgium
TERENCEJ. CODERRE
Department of Anesthesia
Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychology McGill University
Montreal, QC Canada
[email protected] ROBERTC. COGHILL
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC
USA
[email protected] ALANL. COLLEDGE
Utah Labor Commission
International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions
Salt Lake City, UT USA
[email protected] BEVERLYJ. COLLETT
University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester
UK
[email protected] LESLEYA. COLVIN
Department of Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Western General Hospital Edinburgh
UK
[email protected] KEVINC. CONLON
Trinity College Dublin University of Dublin and
The Adelaide and Meath Hospital incorporating The National Children’s Hospital
Dublin Ireland
[email protected] BRIANY. COOPER
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Florida
Gainesville, FL USA
[email protected] CHRISTINECORDLE
University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester
UK
List of Contributors XXI
MICHAELJ. COUSINS
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management Royal North Shore Hospital
University of Sydney St. Leonards, NSW Australia
[email protected] VERNEC. COX
Department of Psychology University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, TX
USA
REBECCAM. CRAFT
Washington State University Pullman, WA
USA
[email protected] KENNETHD. CRAIG
Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC
Canada
[email protected] GEERTCROMBEZ
Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology
Ghent University Ghent
Belgium
[email protected] JOANCROOK
Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation Hamilton, ON
Canada
GIORGIOCRUCCU
Department of Neurological Sciences La Sapienza University
Rome Italy
[email protected] MICHELECURATOLO
Department of Anesthesiology Division of Pain Therapy University Hospital of Bern Inselspital
Bern Switzerland
F. MICHAELCUTRER
Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN USA
[email protected] NACHUMDAFNY
Health Science Center at Houston Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Texas
Houston, TX USA
[email protected] JØRGENB. DAHL
Department of Anaesthesiology Glostrup University Hospital Herlev
Denmark
[email protected] YIDAI
Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Hyogo College of Medicine
Hyogo Japan
STEFAAN VANDAMME
Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology
Ghent University Ghent
Belgium
[email protected] ALEXANDREF. M. DASILVA
Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA USA
[email protected] BRIANDAVIS
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA
USA
[email protected] KAREND. DAVIS
University of Toronto and the Toronto Western Research Institute University Health Network Toronto, ON
Canada
XXII List of Contributors
RICHARDO. DAY
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences
University of New South Wales and
Department of Clinical Pharmacology St Vincent’s Hospital
Sydney, NSW Australia
ISABELLEDECOSTERD
Anesthesiology Pain Research Group Department of Anesthesiology
University Hospital (CHUV) and Department of Cell Biology and Morphology
Lausanne University Lausanne
Switzerland
[email protected] JOYCEA. DELEO
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Dartmouth Medical School
Lebanon, NH USA
A. LEEDELLON
Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD
USA
MARSHALLDEVOR
Institute of Life Sciences and Center for Research on Pain Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem
Israel
DAVIDDIAMANT
Neurological and Spinal Surgery Lincoln, NE
USA
[email protected] ANTHONYH. DICKENSON
Department of Pharmacology University College London London
UK
HANS-CHRISTOPHDIENER
Department of Neurology University Hospital of Essen Essen
Germany
[email protected] ADAM VANDIJK
Department of Anesthesiology Queen’s University
Kingston General Hospital Kingston, ON
Canada
NATALIADMITRIEVA
Program in Neuroscience Florida State University Tallahassee, FL USA
[email protected] REGINALDJ. DOCHERTY
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases King’s College London
London UK
[email protected] LUCYF. DONALDSON
Department of Physiology School of Medical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol
UK
[email protected] HENRIDOODS
CNS Pharmacology Pain Research
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.
KG
Biberach/Riss Germany VICTORIADORF
Social Security Administration Baltimore, MD
USA
[email protected] MICHAELJ. DORSI
Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
USA
List of Contributors XXIII
JONATHANO. DOSTROVSKY
Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, ON
Canada
[email protected] PAULDREYFUSS
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Washington
Seattle, WA USA
[email protected] PETERD. DRUMMOND
School of Psychology Murdoch University Perth, WA
Australia
[email protected] RONALDDUBNER
University of Maryland
Department of Biomedical Sciences Baltimore, MD
USA
[email protected] ANNEDUCROS
Headache Emergency Department and
Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière Lariboisière Hospital
Paris France
[email protected] GARYDUNCAN
Department of Psychology McGill University
Montreal, QC Canada
MARYJ. EATON
Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami, FL
USA
[email protected] ANDREAEBERSBERGER
Department of Physiology
Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Jena
Germany
CHRISTOPHERECCLESTON
Pain Management Unit University of Bath Bath
UK
[email protected] JOHNEDMEADS
Sunnybrook and Woman’s College Health Sciences Centre
University of Toronto Toronto, ON
Canada
[email protected] ROBERTR. EDWARDS
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
USA
[email protected] EVANR. EISENBERG
Department of Urology
Long Island Jewish Medical Center New York, NY
USA
JANETW. M. ELLIS
Department of Anaesthesia
Divisional Centre for Pain Management and
Pain Research
The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON
Canada
[email protected] JOYCEM. ENGEL
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Washington
Seattle, WA USA
[email protected] MATTHEWENNIS
Deptartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN
USA
[email protected] EDZARDERNST
Complementary Medicine Peninsula Medical School
Universities of Exeter and Plymouth Exeter
UK
