Corso di Sistemi in Tempo Reale Laurea in Ingegneria dell‘Automazione
a.a. 2008-2009
Paolo Pagano (p.pagano@sssup.it)
Course Outline (1/2)
• First day (23
rd)
– Basics of FSM (slides by prof. Lipari) – The Uppaal platform
– Formal verification
• Second day (24
th)
– FSM implementation in C (slides by prof. Di Natale) – A case study
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Course Outline (2/2)
• Third day (30
th)
– The OSEK standard
– The ERIKA real-time kernel
• Fourth day (31
st)
– A FSM case study – Discussion
What is an Embedded System?
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Robotics
Flight control systems
Plant control
Automotive
Consumer electronics
Multimedia systems
Sensor/Actor Networks
Embedded computing systems are becoming pervasive in our society (more than 109 units/year):
Where are ESs?
People say …
Criticality
digital tv
Timing constraints
soft firm hard
QoS management High performance Safety critical
Common features
• In these diversified domains some shared features can be identified:
– Dedicated function (vs general-purpose computers) – Reactive / Interactive
– Real-time
– Constraints on several metrics: cost, power, performance, noise, weight, size, flexibility,
maintainability, correctness, safety, time-to-market
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Standalone devices?
• Networked embedded systems
– System composed of various components (sensors, controllers, actuators) interconnected through a
network
– Cabling problem, mobility requirements ==> wireless
• Wireless Sensor Networks:
– Multitude of application scenarios
• Environmental monitoring
• Surveillance
• Telemedicine, health care, industrial plant control, multi-view vision
• …
Buzzwords:
• ubiquity
• pervasiveness
• Wireless
• mobility
• smart spaces
• M2M
• distributed
• embedded
Why WSN?
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Design of ESs
• Multidisciplinarity
– Application context / domain
– Embedded electronics / sensors – Embedded manufacturing
– Control Systems Theory – Digital processing
– Real-Time Operating Systems
– Embedded Communications (Wired, Wireless)
• Constraints
Research directions (1/2)
• Architectures
– Towards Network-on-a-Chip (NoC) systems
– Traditional SW programming does not adapt well to massivelly parallel, distributed and concurrent hardware
– Towards techniques for global design optimization w.r.t. some design metrics, e.g. Energy
• Software
– Real-time, lightweight middleware with QoS – Portability, multi-processor
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Research directions (2/2)
• Communications
– Power-aware communications – Lightweight network stacks
– Heterogeneous communications – Mobile, home, Internet
– Ad-hoc networking: self-discovery and organization – Multi-(interconnected-)device functionality
• Peripherals
– Cost-effective sensors/actuators – Working in harschy environment – Mechanically / thermally robust – Low power (power scavenging) – Fail-safe
What can we do in this wide domain?
(1/2)
• We can naively design an Embedded System making use of some basic knowledge of Finite State Machine theory;
• We can simulate the ES making use of the
Uppaal environment (demonstration use only for licensing issues);
• We can implement our SW in Real-Hardware
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