Paolo Pagano ([email protected])

Corso di Sistemi in Tempo Reale Laurea in Ingegneria dell‘Automazione

a.a. 2008-2009

Paolo Pagano ([email protected])

Course Outline (1/2)

• First day (23

)

– Basics of FSM (slides by prof. Lipari) – The Uppaal platform

– Formal verification

• Second day (24

)

– FSM implementation in C (slides by prof. Di Natale) – A case study

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Course Outline (2/2)

• Third day (30

)

– The OSEK standard

– The ERIKA real-time kernel

• Fourth day (31

)

– A FSM case study – Discussion

What is an Embedded System?

Paolo Pagano - RT Systems 5/15

 Robotics

 Flight control systems

 Plant control

 Automotive

 Consumer electronics

 Multimedia systems

 Sensor/Actor Networks

Embedded computing systems are becoming pervasive in our society (more than 10⁹ units/year):

Where are ESs?

People say …

Criticality

digital tv

Timing constraints

soft firm hard

QoS management High performance Safety critical

Common features

• In these diversified domains some shared features can be identified:

– Dedicated function (vs general-purpose computers) – Reactive / Interactive

– Real-time

– Constraints on several metrics: cost, power, performance, noise, weight, size, flexibility,

maintainability, correctness, safety, time-to-market

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Standalone devices?

• Networked embedded systems

– System composed of various components (sensors, controllers, actuators) interconnected through a

network

– Cabling problem, mobility requirements ==> wireless

• Wireless Sensor Networks:

– Multitude of application scenarios

• Environmental monitoring

• Surveillance

• Telemedicine, health care, industrial plant control, multi-view vision

• …

Buzzwords:

• ubiquity

• pervasiveness

• Wireless

• mobility

• smart spaces

• M2M

• distributed

• embedded

Why WSN?

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Design of ESs

• Multidisciplinarity

– Application context / domain

– Embedded electronics / sensors – Embedded manufacturing

– Control Systems Theory – Digital processing

– Real-Time Operating Systems

– Embedded Communications (Wired, Wireless)

• Constraints

Research directions (1/2)

• Architectures

– Towards Network-on-a-Chip (NoC) systems

– Traditional SW programming does not adapt well to massivelly parallel, distributed and concurrent hardware

– Towards techniques for global design optimization w.r.t. some design metrics, e.g. Energy

• Software

– Real-time, lightweight middleware with QoS – Portability, multi-processor

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Research directions (2/2)

• Communications

– Power-aware communications – Lightweight network stacks

– Heterogeneous communications – Mobile, home, Internet

– Ad-hoc networking: self-discovery and organization – Multi-(interconnected-)device functionality

• Peripherals

– Cost-effective sensors/actuators – Working in harschy environment – Mechanically / thermally robust – Low power (power scavenging) – Fail-safe

What can we do in this wide domain?

(1/2)

• We can naively design an Embedded System making use of some basic knowledge of Finite State Machine theory;

• We can simulate the ES making use of the

Uppaal environment (demonstration use only for licensing issues);

• We can implement our SW in Real-Hardware

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What can we do in this wide domain?

(2/2)

• We can introduce real-time kernels to support multi-sensing and multi-programming activities;

• We will work upon an existing demo application developed for ERIKA real-time kernels;

• We will see how to fully exploit the power of a

programmable MCU.