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QUANTIFIERS G. Salvucci - Elementary Grammar Course

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QUANTIFIERS

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Some e any (pronomi/aggettivi) significano 'un certo numero, una certa quantita'.

Sono usati davanti ai sostantivi plurali o non numerabili (uncountable nouns):

Would you like some biscuits?

I took some photos.

Some si usa:

Nelle frasi affermative: they took some honey.

Nelle domande da cui ci si aspetta una risposta affermativa:

Can I have some coffee?

Nelle offerte e nelle richieste:

would you like some wine?

Could you do some typing for me?

SOME, ANY

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Any si usa:

· Nelle frasi negative:

I haven't any matches.

· Nelle domane (tranne quelle elencate sopra, i.e. offerte e richieste):

Have you any money?

Did you see any eagles?

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Some puo essere usato con i sostantivi singolari numerabili per indicare qualcosa o qualcuno 'non specificato o sconosciuto':

Some idiot parked his car outside my garage.

He doesn't believe in conventional medicine; he has some remedy of his own.

Any puo essere usato con i sostantivi singolari numerabili per indicare 'praticamente tutti':

Any book about riding will tell you how to saddle a horse.

Any dictionary will give you the meaning of these words.

No (aggettivo) e none (pronome) possono essere usati con verbi affermativi per esprimere una negazione:

I have no apples = I haven't any apples Tom has none = Tom hasn't any.

I took no photos = I didn't take any photos

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I composti con some, any, no

I composti formati con some, any e no (someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing) seguono le regole sopracitate.

I pronomi e gli aggettivi possessivi dovrebbero essere:

he/him, she/her e his/her.

Tuttavia, per evitare il linguaggio sessista, si possono usare le forme plurali they/them e their:

No one saw Tom go out, did they?

Has anyone left their luggage on the train?

Tutte queste espressioni hanno un significato singolare e prendono un verbo singolare:

Someone wants to speak to you on the phone.

Con something, anything e nothing non ci sono problemi di genere,

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MUCH e MANY

· Many si usa davanti a sostantivi plurali numerabili.

He didn't make many mistakes.

· Much si usa davanti ai sostantivi non numerabili.

We haven't much milk.

Aggettivi :

Pronomi:

· Sia much che many possono essere usati come pronomi:

You have plenty of petrol but I haven't much.

Tom gets lots of letters but Ann doesn't get many.

· In frase affermativa much e many sono di solito sostituiti da a lot (of):

Did you take many/a lot of photos? No, I didn't take many.

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A little/a few e little/few

(aggettivi e pronomi)

A few/few si usa davanti a sostantivi plurali numerabili.

A few people.

Have you friends in this town? Very few.

A little/little si usa davanti ai sostantivi non numerabili.

A little time, a little sugar, etc.

You have saved something, haven't you? Very little.

(8)

EACH, EVERY

Each e every indicano un numero di persone o cose considerate individualmente (‘ogni’).

• Each può essere aggettivo e pronome:

Each (man) knows what to do.

• Every è soltanto aggettivo:

Every man knows what to do.

Sia EACH che EVERY prendono un verbo singolare.

L'aggettivo possessivo di riferimento è quindi his/her.

Riferimenti

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