Proton beam production for LHC

The LHC injector chain 8 D.Manglunki - BE/OP

The LHC injector chain

PSB

PS

p

TT2

LINAC 2

Proton beam production for LHC

–Linac2 (50MeV)

–PSB (1.4GeV) 4+2 bunches –PS (25GeV) 72 bunches

–SPS (450 GeV) 4 x 72 bunches

–LHC (7 TeV) 2 x 2808 bunches

The LHC injector chain 10 D.Manglunki - BE/OP

Duoplasmatron

Duoplasmatron proton sourceproton source 90keV ; 500mA

90keV ; 500mA

Radio Frequency

Radio Frequency QuadrupoleQuadrupole (RFQ)(RFQ)

~1m ; 750keV

~1m ; 750keV

The LHC injector chain

The accelerator complex at CERN

● PSB, PS, SPS

Radio Frequency

Radio Frequency Quadrupole Quadrupole (RFQ) (RFQ)

~1m ; 750keV

~1m ; 750keV

The LHC injector chain 12 D.Manglunki - BE/OP

Linac Linac 2 2

30m ; 50MeV ; 180mA

30m ; 50MeV ; 180mA

The LHC injector chain

Linac Linac 2 2

30m ; 50MeV ; 180mA

30m ; 50MeV ; 180mA

The LHC injector chain 14 D.Manglunki - BE/OP

PSB distributor PSB distributor

Transfer line from

Transfer line from Linac Linac 2 to Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) 2 to Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB)

The LHC injector chain

Proton Synchrotron Booster Proton Synchrotron Booster 4 rings ; 157m each

4 rings ; 157m each 1.4GeV ; 10

1.4GeV ; 10

p p

/ring /ring

The LHC injector chain 16 D.Manglunki - BE/OP

Individual extraction lines Individual extraction lines from each ring of the PSB from each ring of the PSB

Recombinations Recombinations 1+2 & 3+4

1+2 & 3+4

Extraction line from PSB to Extraction line from PSB to Proton Synchrotron (PS) Proton Synchrotron (PS)

&

& Isolde Isolde

Recombinations

Recombinations

(1 (1 - - 2) + (3 2) + (3 - - 4) 4)

The LHC injector chain

Proton Synchrotron (1959) Proton Synchrotron (1959) 628 m

628 m

25 25 GeV GeV ; 3x10 ; 3x10

p p

[5.9

[5.9 GeV/u GeV/u Pb Pb

] ]

The LHC injector chain 18 Mov09155.mpgD.Manglunki - BE/OP

TT2 transfer line from PS to SPS,

TT2 transfer line from PS to SPS,

AD, AD, nTOF nTOF , and D3 dump , and D3 dump

The LHC injector chain 19 D.Manglunki - BE/OP

Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS)

6.9 km 6.9 km

450 450 GeV GeV ; 5x10 ; 5x10 ^{13 13} p p ^{+ +} [177

[177 GeV/u GeV/u Pb Pb ^{82+ 82+} ] ]

The LHC injector chain 20 D.Manglunki - BE/OP

TI8 counter

TI8 counter - - clockwise transfer line from SPS to LHC clockwise transfer line from SPS to LHC

The LHC injector chain

Large

Large Hadron Hadron Collider (LHC) Collider (LHC) 2 interleaved rings; 26.7 km 2 interleaved rings; 26.7 km 7 7 TeV TeV ; 3x10 ; 3x10

p p

/ring /ring

[2.8

[2.8 TeV/u TeV/u Pb Pb

] ]

The LHC injector chain 22 D.Manglunki - BE/OP

Double batch injection from PSB to PS

[M.Lindroos]

The LHC injector chain

Ion beam production for LHC

– Linac3 – LEIR – PS – SPS – LHC

p Pb ions LEIR

LINAC 2

LINA C 3

PSB

PS

TT2

The LHC injector chain 50 D.Manglunki - BE/OP

Lead ion injector chain

● ECR ion source (2005)

– Provide highest possible intensity of Pb²⁹⁺

● RFQ + Linac 3

– Adapt to LEIR injection energy – strip to Pb⁵⁴⁺

● LEIR (2005)

– Accumulate and cool Linac 3 beam – Prepare bunch structure for PS

● PS (2006)

– Define LHC bunch structure – Strip to Pb⁸²⁺

● SPS (2007)

– Define filling scheme

*

COMPASS

TT 10

East Area

LINAC 3

LINAC2 LINAC3 p Pb ions

E2

NorthArea

TT2 E0

PSB

ISOLDE

E1

pbar

AD

neutrinos

CNGS

T12

T18

n-TOF

*

CT CTF3

*

SPS

LHC

LEIR

PS

The LHC injector chain

The 3 roles of LEIR

● Accumulate enough ions for LHC bunches

● Keep their H, V and // emittances small

● Bring Linac3 ion beam to PS injection energy

► 3 plane stacking

► Cooling

► Acceleration

The LHC injector chain 55 D.Manglunki - BE/OP

LEIR layout

● Square shaped “circular machine”

● Circumference = 78.54m

= PS/8 = SPS/88

● Operated below transition γ

≈ 2.87

● 4x90º bending magnets

● 2 SS’s with Q doublets, 2 SS’s with Q triplets,

● Common injection/ejection

● Electron cooling line

RF

E-Cooling Ejection

D=0

Ejection kickers

Quadrupole doublet

dipole

RF

D=0

Inje ctio

n

Quadrupole triplet

D=10m D=10m

(M.Chanel)

The LHC injector chain

Electron Cooling

● Principle: an electron beam with same velocitysame velocity as the ion beam is merged with it over a fraction of the circumference (~3%)

● In the moving frame, collisions between electrons and ions correspond to the mixture of a hot ion gas with a cool electron gas

● The heat exchange leads to cooling, i.e. emittance reduction, in all 3 planes (H,V, //) of the ion beam

(G.Tranquille)