MANNOISE MANNOISE

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MANNOISE MANNOISE

MANagement of anthropogenic NOISE and its impacts on terrestrial and marine

habitats in sensitive areas – proposal for a

collaboration between Italy and Slovenia

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Overview of the presentation Overview of the presentation

• Noise pollution Noise pollution

• Aim of the project Aim of the project

• Partners Partners

• Study sites Study sites

• Methods Methods

• Output Output

Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods - Output2

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What noise pollution is?

Effects of excessively intense noise levels:

On animals:

On animals: masking of sounds used for masking of sounds used for reproduction and navigation, reduction of reproduction and navigation, reduction of usable habitat (cause of extinction to some usable habitat (cause of extinction to some species), long term changes in population species), long term changes in population

structure structure

On humans: hypertension

On humans: hypertension, annoyance and annoyance and aggression, tinnitus, sleep disturbances aggression, tinnitus, sleep disturbances

On both:

On both: stress, permanent or temporary stress, permanent or temporary hearing loss, other harmful effects

hearing loss, other harmful effects it is the

it is the unwanted unwanted sound that disrupts the sound that disrupts the

activity or balance of human or animal life

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Many human activities can be claimed as Many human activities can be claimed as responsible for noise pollution

responsible for noise pollution

www.fuelingtheworld.com

Unwanted noise can be impulsive or tonal, loud or Unwanted noise can be impulsive or tonal, loud or

relatively quiet, persistent or short/very short

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Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods - Output

Why addressing undewater noise pollution?

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Because of increasing human activities in Because of increasing human activities in

coastal areas, it is a every-day growing coastal areas, it is a every-day growing

problem problem

Transboundary problem – need of joint Transboundary problem – need of joint

collaboration between neighbouring collaboration between neighbouring

countries countries

Most sensitive areas in Northern Adriatic, Most sensitive areas in Northern Adriatic, located in highly populated coastal zones, located in highly populated coastal zones, with very high level of human activities, are with very high level of human activities, are critical habitats for key-species, both marine critical habitats for key-species, both marine and terrestrial

and terrestrial

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Aim of the presented project Aim of the presented project

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MSFD requires a complete assessment of MSFD requires a complete assessment of marine environment in all EU seas within marine environment in all EU seas within

2012 as well as development of monitoring 2012 as well as development of monitoring

programmes for all relevant parameters, programmes for all relevant parameters,

including underwater noise.

Underwater noise is one of the relevant Underwater noise is one of the relevant

issues in the new

issues in the new Marine Strategy Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Framework Directive , adopted by the EU , adopted by the EU in 2008.

in 2008.

This project is intended to prepare

This project is intended to prepare Guidance Guidance on the Effective airborne and Underwater

on the Effective airborne and Underwater Noise Management in Slovenian-Italian Noise Management in Slovenian-Italian

coastal areas

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Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods - Output7

Our principal activity is to perform scientific research, test, implement and ensure safety and health in the working and living environment as well as protection from ionized and non-ionized radiation, fire safety, road safety, publicity and education.

ZVD d.d. takes an active part since 1960 and it is the oldest and the largest institution on the field of assuring of safety and health at work.

ZVD d.d. is equipped with top-level equipment and employ 95 people including 5 Doctors of Science, 6 with Master's degrees and 51 university, college and high school graduates.

ZVD d.d. covers entire region of the Republic of Slovenia and performs whole

range of services from the field of safety and health at work and living environment.

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Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods -

Output 8

Laboratory for Physical Measurement received accreditation according to standard SIST EN ISO/IEC 17025 for performing sound Insulation measurements in buildings and of building materials and for measuring noise in buildings and in the natural and living environment

ZVD Zavod za varstvo pri delu, d.d.; Chengdujska cesta 25, 1260 Ljubljana - Polje

NOISE MEASUREMENTS

PORT OF KOPER – CONTINUES NOISE MEASUREMENTS AROUND PORT AND NOISE MAPPING

AIRPORT OF LJUBLJANA – CONTINUES NOISE MEASUREMENTS OF AIRCRAFT NOISE

MILITARY AIRPORT CERKLJE PRI KRKI – NOISE MAPPING, NOISE MEASSUREMENTS

COMBINED HEAT AND POWER STATION TE-TOL LJUBLJANA - NOISE CONTROL

SOME LAST BIGGEST ACOUSTICAL PROJECTS:

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 F F ounded in the early sixties as Water ounded in the early sixties as Water Management Institute

Management Institute

 From 2004 it is a public institute From 2004 it is a public institute

 specialized in water resources management specialized in water resources management and freshwater and maritime engineering.

and freshwater and maritime engineering.

 IWRS IWRS serve serve s the s the Ministry of Environment in Ministry of Environment in legal regulation procedures in water legal regulation procedures in water

management planning and water protection.

Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia

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Field of activit

Field of activities ies : :

Le Le ad institution for ad institution for organization of organization of expert support to the

expert support to the Ministry of Ministry of Environment in implementation of:

Environment in implementation of:

 Marine Strategy Framework Directive Marine Strategy Framework Directive

 Water Framework Directive Water Framework Directive

 Flood Directive Flood Directive and other fields and other fields Development and research in the fields of:

Development and research in the fields of:

 water ecology, hydrology and river water ecology, hydrology and river morphodynamics;

morphodynamics;

 hydrological hydrological studies, studies, water water management plans and environmental management plans and environmental risk assessment studies;

risk assessment studies;

 GIS, data management. GIS, data management.

Staff Staff

5 5 6 6 employed employed

12 12 researchers researchers (8 ( 8 PhD) PhD) 35 35 engineers engineers 11 11 technicians technicians

& admin

& admin . .

Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia

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The The newly founded Department of Life Sciences of Trieste newly founded Department of Life Sciences of Trieste University originates from the fusion of four departments:

University originates from the fusion of four departments:

the Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and the Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and

Macromolecular Chemistry, the Department of Biology, Macromolecular Chemistry, the Department of Biology, the Department of Physiology and Pathology and

the Department of Physiology and Pathology and the Department of Biomedical Sciences.

the Department of Biomedical Sciences.

More than 10 years of formal agreement between Biology More than 10 years of formal agreement between Biology Department (University of Trieste) and WWF-Natural Marine Department (University of Trieste) and WWF-Natural Marine Reserve of Miramare

Reserve of Miramare

Several studies on the impact of man-made input of noise

and light in the marine environment, with special regards to

the behavioral response of target species to these stimuli

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Expertize on the topic: Expertize on the topic:

 5 Master Thesis, 2 PhD, 1 research fellowship 5 Master Thesis, 2 PhD, 1 research fellowship

 Research papers on the topic published on international Research papers on the topic published on international scientific journals

scientific journals

External collaborations: External collaborations:

 Biology Department, University of Wien Biology Department, University of Wien

 Blue- Blue- World Institute of Marine Research and World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation (Croazia)

Conservation (Croazia)

 FRS Marine Laboratory of Aberdeen (UK) FRS Marine Laboratory of Aberdeen (UK)

 SISSA (Trieste) SISSA (Trieste)

 Engeneering Department, University of Parma (Italy) Engeneering Department, University of Parma (Italy)

Acoustic protection of the marine bio-system Acoustic protection of the marine bio-system

Some examples:

 Assessing the extent of the anthropogenic noise Assessing the extent of the anthropogenic noise pressure in the Lošinj Dolphin

pressure in the Lošinj Dolphin Reserve (Northern Reserve (Northern Adriatic, Croatia) (2004-2006) - runned with the ngo

Adriatic, Croatia) (2004-2006) - runned with the ngo Blue Blue World Institute for marine research and conservation

World Institute for marine research and conservation

 Assessing the extent of the anthropogenic noise Assessing the extent of the anthropogenic noise pressure in the Natural Marine Reserve of Miramare pressure in the Natural Marine Reserve of Miramare (2006-2008) - research supported by the

(2006-2008) - research supported by the Italian Ministry Italian Ministry for Environment, Territory and Sea

for Environment, Territory and Sea

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Cooperative Society Cooperative Society Estabilished in 1988 Estabilished in 1988

Research institute from 1995 Research institute from 1995

Quality certified

Quality certified ENI EN ISO 9001–2000;TŰV Italy 25701/2003

Highly qualified Laboratory for Ministry of Highly qualified Laboratory for Ministry of

Education, University and Research Education, University and Research

Authorized for research activity in fisheries and Authorized for research activity in fisheries and aquaculture from Ministry for Agricultural, Food aquaculture from Ministry for Agricultural, Food

and Forest Resources

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Staff: 30 people, comprising mainly biologists, but Staff: 30 people, comprising mainly biologists, but

also geologists, businnes consultants, lawers…

Fields of activity:

 Environmental conservation Environmental conservation

 Management of Miramare Marine Reserve Management of Miramare Marine Reserve

 Environmental education Environmental education

 Scientific Monitoring of marine ecosystems Scientific Monitoring of marine ecosystems

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Marine Biology Station Marine Biology Station

 The Marine Biology Station Piran MBS was The Marine Biology Station Piran MBS was founded in 1969 as a Unit of the Institute of founded in 1969 as a Unit of the Institute of

Biology, University of Ljubljana Biology, University of Ljubljana

 Today is a Unit of the National Institute of Today is a Unit of the National Institute of Biology Ljubljana;

Biology Ljubljana;

 The MBS is currently the only research group The MBS is currently the only research group in Slovenia devoted entirely to marine in Slovenia devoted entirely to marine

scientific research and professional work scientific research and professional work . .

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Staff MBS Staff MBS Staff MBS Staff MBS

35 employed:

 16 researchers 16 researchers (13 PhD)

(13 PhD)

 10 young 10 young researchers researchers

 9 technicians & 9 technicians &

administrators administrators

Biologists, chemists, biochemists, pysics, Biologists, chemists, biochemists, pysics, metereologists, geologists, …

metereologists, geologists, …

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Industrial Engineering Department Industrial Engineering Department

 The University of Parma was founded in XI The University of Parma was founded in XI century: it is among the 4 most ancient in the century: it is among the 4 most ancient in the

world world

 The Industrial Engineering Department was The Industrial Engineering Department was established in 1990, focusing on mechanical established in 1990, focusing on mechanical

engineering and environmental impact of engineering and environmental impact of

industry industry

 Current staff includes 38 academics, 64 Current staff includes 38 academics, 64 postgraduate fellows, 11

postgraduate fellows, 11 technicians/administratives technicians/administratives

 Yearly research funds range between 350.000 € Yearly research funds range between 350.000 € and 750.000 €, without accounting staff’s wages

and 750.000 €, without accounting staff’s wages

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Underwater Acoustics at UNIPR-IED Underwater Acoustics at UNIPR-IED

 Multichannel hydrophone arrays for low-frequency Multichannel hydrophone arrays for low-frequency active SONAR and passive source localization

active SONAR and passive source localization

 Use of innovative not-impulsive test signals for echo- Use of innovative not-impulsive test signals for echo- sounding with low environmental impact

sounding with low environmental impact

 Patented three-dimensional underwater Ambisonics Patented three-dimensional underwater Ambisonics probe allows for vector analysis of pressure and probe allows for vector analysis of pressure and particle velocity

particle velocity

 Software for mapping noise propagation in coastal Software for mapping noise propagation in coastal areas

areas

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Morigenos – marine mammal research Morigenos – marine mammal research and conservation society

and conservation society

 founded in 2001 founded in 2001

 independent, non-profit and non-governmental independent, non-profit and non-governmental

organization, dedicated to the research and protection organization, dedicated to the research and protection of cetaceans and conservation of the marine

of cetaceans and conservation of the marine environment.

environment.

 Involved in several projects in the field of scientific Involved in several projects in the field of scientific research, education, public awareness and conservation research, education, public awareness and conservation

 partner organization to ACCOBAMS (An Agreement on partner organization to ACCOBAMS (An Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea,

the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic Area Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic Area

 14 people, mainly biologists, but also veterinaries, 14 people, mainly biologists, but also veterinaries, students, volunteers with different backgrounds

students, volunteers with different backgrounds

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Slovenian Dolphin Project by Morigenos Slovenian Dolphin Project by Morigenos

Started in 2002 Started in 2002 Long-term project Long-term project

Ecology and conservation of bottlenose dolphins Ecology and conservation of bottlenose dolphins

Mediterranean population: proposed as “Vulnerable” by IUCN.

Only regular cetacean in the Gulf of Trieste and north Adriatic Only regular cetacean in the Gulf of Trieste and north Adriatic

Distribution, abundance, social structure, population dynamics, Distribution, abundance, social structure, population dynamics, habitat use, behaviour, fishery interactions, strandings

habitat use, behaviour, fishery interactions, strandings

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Sečovlje Salina Nature Sečovlje Salina Nature Park Park

 Protected area Protected area

 Ramsar Site Ramsar Site

 Natura 2000 Site Natura 2000 Site

 Conservation of wild Conservation of wild b b irds – EC Bird irds – EC Bird s s Directive Directive

 Conservation of natural habitats and of wild Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora – EC Habitats Directive

fauna and flora – EC Habitats Directive

 51experts 51experts

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Sečovlje Salina Nature Sečovlje Salina Nature Park Park

Field of activity Field of activity:

 production of salt with traditional methods production of salt with traditional methods

 from 2003 management of Natural Park from 2003 management of Natural Park and water management

and water management

 Environmental monitoring and protection Environmental monitoring and protection

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Study sites Study sites

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EMISSION SOURCES EMISSION SOURCES

INVENTORY INVENTORY

- ShippingShipping, boating, boating - Construction

- Construction works works (coastal) (coastal) - Road traffic, urbanization*

- Road traffic, urbanization*

- A - Aiirportrport

* Urbanization includes also

* Urbanization includes also emissions

emissionsfromfrom recreational recreational sources

sources

CHARACTERSATION OF NOISE CHARACTERSATION OF NOISE

EMISSIONS EMISSIONS

Underwater noise Underwater noise

emissions

emissions airborne noise airborne noise emissions emissions

- Shipping, boating - Shipping, boating - Construction (coastal) - Construction (coastal)

- Shipping, boating - Shipping, boating - Construction (coastal) - Construction (coastal) - Road traffic,

- Road traffic, urbanization urbanization - A

- Aiirportrport

STATE OF ENVIRONMENT MONITORING STATE OF ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

Underwater - background noise

Underwater - background noise airborne - background noiseairborne - background noise Underwater noise levels

Underwater noise levels monitoring

monitoring airborne noise levels monitoring airborne noise levels monitoring

IMPACTS IMPACTS

Marine fauna

Marine fauna Intertidal fauna, Intertidal fauna, marine birds, turtles

marine birds, turtles Terrestrial fauna, Terrestrial fauna, human health human health

RESULTS RESULTS

UNDERWATER NOISE UNDERWATER NOISE MANAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT airborne NOISE MANAGEMENTairborne NOISE MANAGEMENT Limit values

Limit values Limit valuesLimit values Sensitive areas

Sensitive areas Hot spot areasHot spot areas Sensitive areasSensitive areas Hot spot areasHot spot areas Safety

Safety distances

distances Safety Safety distances

distances Safety Safety distances distances

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Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods - Output25

Noise monitoring:

- 4 noise monitoring terminal

- short time measurements on all locations Airborne Noise mapping:

- costal traffic

- water traffic and activities - other noise events

AIRBORNE NOISE MONITORING AND MAPPING

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Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods -

Output 26

AIRBORNE NOISE MONITORING AIRBORNE NOISE MONITORING

M ea su rin g pa rt D at a M an ag em en t

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Long term monitoring of Underwater noise Long term monitoring of Underwater noise

5 sonobuoys in study areas 5 sonobuoys in study areas

1 sonobuoy offshore location 1 sonobuoy offshore location

connecteded to VIDA connecteded to VIDA Vida:

Vida: oceanographic buoy oceanographic buoy Reception station at MBS Reception station at MBS Soundfish

Soundfish : innovative buoy to : innovative buoy to record noise directionality and record noise directionality and particle velocity

particle velocity

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Study of coastal fish assemblage Study of coastal fish assemblage

• Vertical transects Vertical transects

• Horizontal transects Horizontal transects

• All-occurence sampling All-occurence sampling Species richness Species richness Abundance

Abundance Habitat types Habitat types

Cryptobenthic Cryptobenthic

and Endolitic and Endolitic

species species

N N on- on-

destructive destructive

visual visual

census census

methods methods

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Acoustic census and playback in the field Acoustic census and playback in the field

!!!!!!

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Laboratory work Laboratory work

GROARR!

GROARR?

1=video camera; 2=videorecorder; 3= recorder; 4= hydrophone;

5= loudspeaker; 6= Portable recorder

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Boat based and land Boat based and land based surveys

based surveys C-pod

C-pod Photo-ID Photo-ID

Behavioural sampling Behavioural sampling

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Monitoring target species Monitoring target species

Plotting data on maps Plotting data on maps

5036 5037 5038 5039

389 390 391 392

All Species

EX: EX:

distribution distribution of breeding of breeding species species

Measuring biological diversity Measuring biological diversity

We will be able to answer to question such We will be able to answer to question such as: as:

 how well are we doing? how well are we doing?

 Is human noise harming target species ? Is human noise harming target species ?

 what difference are we making? what difference are we making?

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• Annoyance,

• sleeping disturbance,

• Interference with communications, schools, communities,

• hearing damage.

• For domesticated species the issue is still damage to individual animals or impacts on production and profits.

• For wild animals high noise levels can interfere with chance of their survival and stability of species population.

• The abandonment of nests and resulting death of young birds are possible.

NOISE IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS AND HUMANS

CRITERIA FOR NOISE IMPACT ON HUMANS (Existing legislation - EU)

ASSESSMENT OF NOISE ON ANIMALS (No legislation exists - EU)

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Outputs:

 Noise maps of the Northern Adriatic Noise maps of the Northern Adriatic coastline

coastline

 Handbooks with guidelines, informative Handbooks with guidelines, informative material

material

 Set animal-safe limit values for man made Set animal-safe limit values for man made noise

noise

 Develop mitigation measures Develop mitigation measures

 Create a website accessible to the large Create a website accessible to the large public

public

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In the framework of Prioritary AXIS 1 of the Italy- In the framework of Prioritary AXIS 1 of the Italy- Slovenia collaboration, this project will:

Slovenia collaboration, this project will:

 Protect the peculiar biodiversity of Northern Protect the peculiar biodiversity of Northern Adriatic

Adriatic

 Protect environment from noise pollution Protect environment from noise pollution and technological risk

and technological risk

 Estabilish a long term collaboration for the Estabilish a long term collaboration for the management of the coastal area

management of the coastal area

 Develop strategies for conservation and Develop strategies for conservation and management of natural areas (protected or management of natural areas (protected or not) and Natura 2000 sites in the area, which not) and Natura 2000 sites in the area, which is one of the most preserved in Europe

is one of the most preserved in Europe

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