Le sentenze esemplari: un problema di prevenzione dei reati
10
0
0
Testo completo
(2) ULVXOWDQRHPEOHPDWLFKHOHSDUROHFRQFXL&DLIDVLULYROJH DO6LQHGULRSHUFRQYLQFHUHDFRQGDQQDUH*HV non capite che conviene a voi che un uomo muoia per il popolo, e non perisca l’intera nazione?!! [2] ,QHIIHWWLLOSHULFRORSHULOUHRQHOFRQJHJQRJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYRq³DQWLFR TXDQWRLOPRQGR´WXWWDYLDFLzFKHGHYHGHVWDUHDWWHQ]LRQHqODFLUFRVWDQ]DFKHWDOHULVFKLRqSDUWLFRODUPHQWHULHPHUJHQWHQHLPRPHQWLGLPDJJLRUH FULVL 'LIDWWRQHOPRPHQWRGHOO¶LUURJD]LRQHGHOODVDQ]LRQHSHQDOHHQWUDQRLQJLRFRWXWWDXQDVHULHGLIDWWRUL3ULQFLSDOPHQWHSHUzSXzRVVHUYDUVLFRPH TXDORUDIRVVHSUHSRQGHUDQWHODSUHRFFXSD]LRQHGLGLVWRJOLHUHLSRWHQ]LDOLGHOLQTXHQWLGDOWHQHUHFRQGRWWHXJXDOLRVLPLOLDTXHOODGDSXQLUHVDUHEEH FRPRGRUDSSUHVHQWDUHFRQODGHFLVLRQHXQesempioGLrigorosissima punizione&LzSRUWHUHEEHGLFRQVHJXHQ]DDOODVFHOWDSHUXQDFRQGDQQDVHYHUDFLz VLJQLILFDFKHLOUHRGDSXQLUHVHJXHQGRTXHVWDORJLFDsarebbe da punire più severamente ÊEHQHVXELWRULFRQRVFHUHFKHODSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHFRPHWHRULDGHOODFRPPLVXUD]LRQHHVSULPHQGRO¶LGHDFKHGDOGRVDJJLRGHOODSXQL]LRQHSHULO UHRGHYHDWWLQJHUVLXQDULGX]LRQHGLFRPSRUWDPHQWLVRFLDOLGHYLDQWLVIRJJLDXQILQHQRELOH LOEHQHFRPXQH7XWWDYLDFLzQRQHVLPHGDXQRFXODWR LPSLHJRGHOODLQGLVFXWLELOHSRWHQ]LDOLWjLQWLPLGDWULFHGHOODSHQD[3]%DVWLWHQHUFRQWRGHOIDWWRFKHTXDORUDYLJHVVHXQJUDYHDOODUPHVRFLDOHRVL WHPHVVHXQSURSDJDUVLGHOUHDWRLO³YDQWDJJLRVRFLDOH´LQFHQWUDWRVXOODGLPLQX]LRQHGHOODFULPLQDOLWjFXLGRYUHEEHDPELUHXQDSHQDFRQIRUWH LPSURQWDJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYDSDVVDVHPSUHSHUODSXQL]LRQHGHOUHR3HUTXHVWDUDJLRQHROWUHFKHSHUIRUQLUHODVSLHJD]LRQHGHOO¶XWLOL]]RFKHVLqIDWWR GHOFRQGL]LRQDOHVLRVVHUYHUDQQRLQQDQ]LWXWWRJOLHOHPHQWLGLVWLQWLYLFRQFXLODSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHHVHUFLWDXQDSUHVVLRQHVXOO¶RSHUDWRGHLWULEXQDOL 6XFFHVVLYDPHQWHVLDSSURIRQGLUjODTXHVWLRQHUHODWLYDDOOHSRWHQ]LDOLWjFKHKDLOILQHJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYRGLHVVHUHSHUVHJXLWRQHOODIDVHJLXGL]LDOHGHOOD SHQDHLQSDUWLFRODUHVHHVVRDEELDchanceGLEXRQDULXVFLWD/XQJRLOSHUFRUVRGLFXLVLVRQRDSSHQDLQGLFDWHOHWDSSHSULQFLSDOLVDUjULVHUYDWD SDUWLFRODUHDWWHQ]LRQHDOUXRORFKHULYHVWHLOUHRQHOFRQJHJQRGHOODFRPPLVXUD]LRQHJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYDDOODOXFHGHOOHSUREOHPDWLFKHUHODWLYHDO IHQRPHQRGHOOHFGexemplary sentence KWWS ZZZDOWDOH[FRPGRFXPHQWVQHZVOHVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODULXQSUREOHPDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHGHLUHDWL. .
(3) . 6RPPDULR Le ragioni dell’insidia delle pressioni generalpreventive sui tribunali Le premesse per una commisurazione generalpreventiva. Le distorsioni ad opera dei mass media L’inammissibile degradazione della persona a puro mezzo per un fine sociale La strumentalizzazione del condannato è inevitabile? Indicazioni Costituzionali Le ragioni dell’insidia delle pressioni generalpreventive sui tribunali 6HEEHQHGDWHPSRVLDVWDWRSXQWXDOL]]DWRFKHODSRVVLELOLWjGLXQDFRQVLGHUD]LRQHGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHDOPRPHQWRGHOODFRPPLVXUD]LRQHDEELDGD IDUHLFRQWLFRQODOHWWHUDGHOO¶DUWODTXDOH DXWRUL]]HUHEEHDGHVFOXGHUHVHQ]¶DOWURODOHJLWWLPLWjGLXQDVXDFRQVLGHUD]LRQH!![4]DOO¶LQWHUQRGHOOD VFLHQ]DSHQDOLVWLFDqGDWHPSRDYYHUWLWRTXDQWRVLDrealeHtangibileO¶LQVLGLDGHOODSUHVVLRQHGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHVXLWULEXQDOL ,QSULPROXRJRqIDWWRQRWDUHFRPHVLDSUHRFFXSDQWHO¶LQYLWRLQFDO]DQWHGLUHD]LRQHPDJJLRUPHQWHIHURFHYHUVRGHWHUPLQDWLUHDWLGDWRFKHQHLWULEXQDOL WURYDWHUUHQRIHUWLOHO¶LGHDGLLQFLGHUHSRVLWLYDPHQWHVXOODVRFLHWjSHUmezzoGHOOHsentenze di condanna6LPLOHSHULFRORqWUDO¶DOWURGDFRQVLGHUDUVL PDVVLPRQHOFDVRGLSDUWLFRODUHallarme socialeSHUFHUWHIRUPHGLFULPLQDOLWj4XHVWRSHUFKpO¶DJLWD]LRQHVRFLDOHqXQIDWWRUHFDSDFHG¶DFXLUH O¶LQWHQVLWjGLFHUWLPHFFDQLVPLSVLFRORJLFLDOODEDVHGHOODLVWDQ]DGLSXQL]LRQHGHLUHDWL 7XWWDYLDVLWUDWWDGLUDJLRQLFKHVLFROJRQRVRODPHQWHSHUFRVuGLUHLQVXSHUILFLH,QIDWWLODGRWWULQDFKHVLqRFFXSDWDGHOSUREOHPDDOOXGHQGRDGXQ IDWWRUHGHILQLWR VLPEROLFR!!KDPHVVRLQOXFHXQ¶XOWHULRUHUDJLRQHSL³SURIRQGD´ÊVWDWRHYLGHQ]LDWRFRPHGLQDQ]LDOO¶DXPHQWRGHOODIUHTXHQ]DGL FHUWLFULPLQL HDOODFUHVFHQWHSUHRFFXSD]LRQHVRFLDOHOHJDWDDGHVVD
(4) LOVLVWHPDSHQDOHKDO¶RFFDVLRQHGLGDUHSURYDFRQFUHWDHLPPHGLDWDGHOODVXD UHDWWLYLWj6LSDUODGLIDWWRUH VLPEROLFR!!SRLFKpODORJLFDGLIRQGRqTXHOODGLJHQHUDUHXQDULVSRVWDGLPRVWUDWLYDGHOODSURQWDUHD]LRQH GHOO¶LVWLWX]LRQHSHQDOHSHUPH]]RGL VLPEROLFL
(5) LQDVSULPHQWLGLSHQD[5] $OULJXDUGRSULPDGLRJQLDOWUDFRVDSUHPHHYLGHQ]LDUHFRPHODSHUFH]LRQHGDSDUWHGHLFRQVRFLDWLGLLQFRHUHQ]DQHOODVHYHULWjFRQFXLULVSRQGHXQ RUGLQDPHQWRDLFULPLQLQRQVLDGDFRQVLGHUDUVLsicuramenteG¶DLXWRDOODSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHGHLUHDWL,QIDWWLQRQVRQRGDVRWWRYDOXWDUHOHricadute QHJDWLYHFKHXQDprassi giudiziaria incoerenteqFDSDFHGLJHQHUDUH$OODOXFHGLFLzqVWDWRSXQWXDOL]]DWRFRPHPDJJLRULHIIHWWLGHWHUUHQWLSRVVRQRDO FRQWUDULRDWWHQGHUVLPDJJLRUPHQWHGDXQVLVWHPDDYYHUWLWRFRPHgiustoHcoerente9LFHYHUVDXQDSHQD VHQWLWDFRPHLQJLXVWDGDLFRQGDQQDWLHGDO FRQVRFLDWRGHWHUPLQHUHEEHSLXWWRVWRXQDUHD]LRQHGLFRQWHVWD]LRQHHGLULJHWWRQHLFRQIURQWLGHLSUHFHWWLGHOO¶RUGLQDPHQWRFRQWUDGGLFHQGRFRVu SODWHDOPHQWHODSUHPHVVDIXQ]LRQDOLVWLFDGHOODWHRULDGHOODSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOH!![6] ,QVHFRQGROXRJRLPSRUWDWHQHUFRQWRGHOIDWWRFKHLQGDJLQLHPSLULFKHKDQQRGLPRVWUDWRFRPHYDULD]LRQLVRORsporadicheQHJOLLQDVSULPHQWLWHQGRQR DGHVVHUHJHQHUDOPHQWHVRWWRYDOXWDWHILQHQGRFRVuSHUSDVVDUHLQRVVHUYDWH[7] /H³FRQWURLQGLFD]LRQL´FKHSRVVRQRGLVFHQGHUHGDULVSRVWHSXQLWLYHSDUWLFRODUPHQWHVHYHUHLQUDJLRQHGLHVLJHQ]HJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYHQRQVL HVDXULVFRQRTXL,QIDWWLQRQqVRWWRYDOXWDELOHODFLUFRVWDQ]DFKHODSHQDsproporzionata in eccessoROWUHDFRQIHVVDUHXQ¶LUUD]LRQDOLWjqVXVFHWWLELOH KWWS ZZZDOWDOH[FRPGRFXPHQWVQHZVOHVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODULXQSUREOHPDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHGHLUHDWL. .
(6) . DOWUHVuGLSURYRFDUHXQDUHD]LRQHGL VLPSDWLDSXEEOLFD!!SHULOFRQGDQQDWR[8] Le premesse per una commisurazione generalpreventiva. Le distorsioni ad opera dei mass media 5LVXOWDDTXHVWRSXQWRGRYHURVRVRIIHUPDUVLVXOO¶DSSXUDPHQWRGLTXDOLcondizioniGHYRQRULWHQHUVLessenzialiDIILQFKpXQDGHFLVLRQHFRQLQWHQWLGL SUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHVLDLQJUDGRGLVRUWLUHHIIHWWLVXOODFRPSDJLQHVRFLDOHHTXLQGLGLVSLHJDUHeffettivamente una influenza HTXDQGRYLFHYHUVDHVVD VLDLPSRVVLELOLWDWDJLjGDOODQDVFLWDDRWWHQHUHXQDTXDOFKHULFDGXWDVRFLDOHSRVLWLYDVXLFRPSRUWDPHQWLGHLFRQVRFLDWLLQWHUPLQLGLPLQRUH FRPPLVVLRQHGLFULPLQL ,OULVXOWDWRJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYRSXzFRQVLGHUDUVLUDJJLXQWRWXWWHOHYROWHFKHODUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHGHOODSHQDXQLWDPHQWHDHVHPSLGLVXDDSSOLFD]LRQH VLDSHUFKpqPLQDFFLDWDXQDVRIIHUHQ]DVLDSHULPHVVDJJLLPSOLFLWLHLFRQVHJXHQWLVWLPROLFKHQHGLVFHQGRQRUDJJLXQJHQGRLFLWWDGLQLOLdissuada dal tenere quei comportamenti che altrimenti avrebbero tenuto3HUTXDQWRULJXDUGDXQDGHFLVLRQHVXOODPLVXUDGHOODSHQDDQLPDWDGDXQRVFRSRGL SUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHqDJHYROPHQWHLQWXLELOHFKHXQFDPELDPHQWRGLFRQGRWWDSUHVVRLFRQVRFLDWLSXzSUHWHQGHUVLRFRPXQTXHDWWHQGHUVLVRORD VHJXLWRGHOODORURSHUFH]LRQHGHOIDWWRUHJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYRFKHVRUUHJJHODVFHOWD 8QSUHVXSSRVWRORJLFRFRPHVLSXzYHGHUHqTXLQGLFKHODFHUFKLDGHLGHVWLQDWDULGHOODGHFLVLRQHQHSHUYHQJDDFRQRVFHQ]D6HQRQqGLYXOJDWDOD FRQRVFHQ]DGHOODGHFLVLRQHqVSHGLWDPHQWHLQWXLELOHFKHQRQULVXOWDSRVVLELOHQpVSHUDUHLQXQDLQWLPLGD]LRQHQpFRQILGDUVLLQXQUDIIRU]DPHQWRH VWDELOL]]D]LRQHGHOODILGXFLDGHLFRQVRFLDWLQHOO¶RUGLQDPHQWR[9] 3HUTXDQWRULJXDUGDFHUWLDPELHQWLDGHVHPSLRLOVHWWRUHHFRQRPLFRGRYHLSRWHQ]LDOLUHLVRQRDWWHQWLDOOHHYROX]LRQLQRUPDWLYHHLQWHUHVVDWLDQFKHDOOH GHFLVLRQLJLXGL]LDOLXQDFRPXQLFD]LRQHGHOIDWWRUHJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYRSXzHVVHUHWHRULFDPHQWHSHUVHJXLELOH4XHVWDFHUFKLDGLVRJJHWWLGHOVHWWRUH YLVWRLOORURSDUWLFRODUHLQWHUHVVDPHQWRSXzHVVHUHSRWHQ]LDOPHQWHPHVVDDOFRUUHQWHGHJOLLQDVSULPHQWLGLSHQD2YYLDPHQWHXQDSULPDFRQGL]LRQHSHU ODULXVFLWDGLXQSURJUDPPDGLFRPXQLFD]LRQHqFKHHVVDDYYHQJDLQPRGRcostanteHcompleto DGHVHPSLRFRQUHJRODUHGLIIXVLRQHGHOOD JLXULVSUXGHQ]D
(7) ,QVHFRQGROXRJRqQHFHVVDULRFKHVLDQRUDJJLXQWLXQQXPHURDGHJXDWDPHQWHDPSLRGLVRJJHWWL 3HUODFULPLQDOLWjJHQHUDOHLOGLVFRUVRqGLYHUVR5LJXDUGRODFRQRVFHQ]DGHOSURFHGLPHQWRSHQDOHHGHOODHYHQWXDOHGHFLVLRQHGLFRQGDQQDSRVVRQR SURVSHWWDUVLSULQFLSDOPHQWHGXHVLWXD]LRQLRVVLD $
(8) LQQDQ]LWXWWRHTXHVWRqFLzFKHDFFDGHGLFRQVXHWRFKHODFRQRVFHQ]DGLXQJLXGL]LRLQFRUVR SHUXQUHDWRqFLUFRVFULWWDDOO¶LPSXWDWRHDOODFHUFKLDGLSHUVRQHDOXLYLFLQHQRQFKpRYYLDPHQWHDLSXEEOLFLXIILFLDOLFXLLOFDVRQHKDLQYHVWLWRO¶XIILFLR ,QTXHVWRFDVRGLFRQVHJXHQ]DODFRQRVFHQ]DGHOODGHFLVLRQHqOLPLWDWDDLVROLVRJJHWWLHOHQFDWL %
(9) SXzSHUzYHULILFDUVLODFLUFRVWDQ]DFKHLOFULPLQH DEELDXQDSLDPSLDULVRQDQ]D&LzDFFDGHSULQFLSDOPHQWHSHUYLDGHOO¶LQWHUHVVDPHQWRDOODYLFHQGDGHLmass media 2UDRVVHUYDQGRO¶RSHUDUHGHLPH]]LGLFRPXQLFD]LRQHGLPDVVDVLSXzFRQVWDWDUHFKHO¶DWWHQ]LRQHGLTXHVWLVLFRQFHQWUDSHUVYDULDWHUDJLRQLVXcerti delitti e su certi imputati/DWHQGHQ]DLQHTXLYRFDELOHqLQIDWWLFKHODFRPXQLFD]LRQHRSHUDWDGDLJLRUQDOLUDGLRHWHOHYLVLRQLqGLUHWWDDVRGGLVIDUH SULQFLSDOPHQWHODVHWHGLQRWL]LHGHOSXEEOLFR/DFRPXQLFD]LRQHWUDPLWHTXHVWRFDQDOHGLFRQVHJXHQ]DVLSUHVHQWDPDQLIHVWDPHQWHdistortaHYLq UDJLRQHSHUULWHQHUHFKHDQFKHLQXQSURVVLPRIXWXURVLFRQVHUYHUjWDOH[10]7UDO¶DOWURLOIDWWRFKHSLLQWHUHVVDO¶DVSHWWRGHOODFRPXQLFD]LRQH GHOO¶HOHPHQWRJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYRDIRQGDPHQWRGHOODGHFLVLRQHqFKHSURSULRTXDQGRLOSURFHVVRSHQDOHJLXQJHDOVXRHSLORJRJHQHUDOPHQWHL ULIOHWWRULPHGLDWLFLVLVRQRRUPDLVSHQWL3HUWDQWRLOSHULFRORFKHVLFHODGLHWURXQ¶DPSLDULVRQDQ]DGHOFULPLQHFRQVLVWHQHOO¶LQGXUUHDFRQILGDUHLQXQ LPSDWWRSRWHQ]LDOPHQWHGHWHUUHQWHGHOODVHQWHQ]DVHQ]DFRQVLGHUDUHLOIDWWRFKHDOO¶HPDQD]LRQHGHOODVWHVVDODYLFHQGDqRUPDLFDGXWDQHOO¶REOLR KWWS ZZZDOWDOH[FRPGRFXPHQWVQHZVOHVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODULXQSUREOHPDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHGHLUHDWL. .
(10) . 7XWWDYLDLULOLHYLQRQVLHVDXULVFRQRTXLSRLFKpXQDGHFLVLRQHSHUXQDFRQGDQQDSLVHYHUDLQVLPLOLFLUFRVWDQ]HULVXOWDGLIILFLOPHQWHJLXVWLILFDELOHDOOD OXFHGDOO¶DUWLFRORGHOOD&RVWLWX]LRQH,OSULQFLSLRG¶XJXDJOLDQ]DVDQFLWRYLYLHWDLQIDWWLWUDWWDPHQWLGLYHUVLGLVLWXD]LRQLVLPLOL,QHIIHWWLLGXHFDVL SURVSHWWDWLDEHQJXDUGDUHVRQRGLYHUVLHVVLLQIDWWLGLYHUJRQRSHULOgrado di pubblicità7XWWDYLDDOULJXDUGRqSRVVLELOHVYROJHUHXQDVHULHGL FRQVLGHUD]LRQLFKHPXRYRQRYHUVRODFRQFOXVLRQHGHOODLUULOHYDQ]DGHOGLYHUVRJUDGRGLSXEEOLFLWjFLUFDOHVFHOWHGDFRPSLHUVLLQVHGHGL FRPPLVXUD]LRQHGHOODSHQD 3ULPDGLRJQLDOWUDFRVDqGDFRQVLGHUDUHLOIDWWRFKHWUDLGLULWWLLQYLRODELOLGHOO¶XRPR DUW&RVW
(11) ODOLEHUWjSHUVRQDOHULYHVWHXQUXRORSUHPLQHQWHH FUXFLDOH$OODOXFHGLWDOHFRQVLGHUD]LRQHQHOO¶DUW&RVWLQFXLqVDQFLWDO¶XJXDJOLDQ]DGLQDQ]LDOODOHJJHGLRJQLSHUVRQDDSUHVFLQGHUHGDOOH condizioni in cui essa versiQRQSXzFKHUDYYLVDUVLO¶LPSHJQRDWXWHODUHVRSUDWWXWWRFKLYHUVDLQSDUWLFRODULVLWXD]LRQLGLdebolezzaÈ senza dubbio proprio il soggetto debole a correre maggiori pericoli d’abusi da parte del potere statale3HUTXDQWRDWWLHQHTXLQGLDOODFRPPLVXUD]LRQHGHOODSHQDLO SHULFRORVLVRVWDQ]LDQHOIDWWRFKHLOJLXGLFHSUHRFFXSDQGRVLGLULVFXRWHUHFRQODGHFLVLRQHXQ¶LQWLPLGD]LRQHGDOO¶DSSOLFD]LRQHGHOODSHQD VWUXPHQWDOL]]LODOLEHUWjSHUVRQDOHGHOFROSHYROHDOO¶XWLOHVRFLDOH $OODOXFHGLFLzODGLIIHUHQ]DGHOJUDGRGLSXEEOLFLWjGRYUHEEHHVVHUHLUULOHYDQWHGLYHUVDPHQWHFRPHVHQVLELOPHQWHDIIHUPDWRLQGRWWULQD LOVLVWHPD SHQDOHSRWUHEEHULVFKLDUHGLDXWRGLVWUXJJHUVLSHUFKpXQVLVWHPDSHQDOHFKHVLSUHVWLDOFDSULFFLRHDOO¶LQJLXVWL]LDqLQFDSDFHGLVYROJHUHODVXDIXQ]LRQH HGXFDWLYD!![11] /DFHUFKLDGLGHVWLQDWDULVXLTXDOLVLYXROHLQIOXLUHHDOO¶XRSRUHVLHGRWWLVXOODGHFLVLRQHGHYRQRSHUzDTXHVWRSXQWRHVVHUHDQFKHGLVSRQLELOLIDUVL VSURQDUHGDTXHVWDRSLSUHFLVDPHQWHSUHVHQWDUVLdisponibili a essere motivati dal fattore di prevenzione generale che in parte regge la scelta sulla pena8QDPRWLYDELOLWjSHUFLzGDLQWHQGHUVLFRPHPRWLYDELOLWjGDLQDVSULPHQWLGLSHQD $OULJXDUGRXQLQVHJQDPHQWRGRWWULQDOHGDOTXDOHSXzWUDUVLSURILWWRqTXHOORVHFRQGRLOTXDOHOHULFDGXWHLQWHUPLQLGLUHD]LRQHFKHRWWLHQHODPLQDFFLD GHOODSHQDGDSDUWHGHOODOHJJHSHQDOHGLSHQGRQRGDOODdiversità soggettivaGHLGHVWLQDWDULFXLVLULYROJH,QIDWWLQRWDO¶DXWRUH$QGHQDHVFKHSHUFHUWH FDWHJRULHGLVRJJHWWLDGHVHPSLRFLWWDGLQLEHQLQVHULWLVRFLDOPHQWHVSHFLHLQUDJLRQHGHOUXRORFKHVYROJRQRQHOODVRFLHWjVDUHEEHFDWDVWURILFR HVVHUHUDJJLXQWLGDXQDFRQGDQQDSHQDOH3HUWDQWRSXzSUHVXPLELOPHQWHULWHQHUVLIRUWHLQORURODPRWLYDELOLWjSURGRWWDGDOODOHJJHSHQDOH&RVLFRPHOD UHD]LRQHDOODPLQDFFLDGHOODSHQDLQDOWULVRJJHWWLSRWUHEEHHVVHUHGLIIHUHQWHHVVHQGRTXHVWLDOFRQWUDULRSRFRPRWLYDELOL&RPHVLYHGHTXHVWH FRQVLGHUD]LRQLVXOOH GLIIHUHQ]HLQGLYLGXDOLQHOWLSRGLUHD]LRQH!!FRQFHUQRQRO¶HIILFDFLDJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYDGHOODPLQDFFLDGHOODSHQD&Lz QRQRVWDQWHQRQGRYUHEEHURHVVHUFLUDJLRQLSHUULWHQHUOHQRQHVWHQGLELOLDQFKHDOSUREOHPDGHOO¶HIILFDFLDJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYDGHOODGHFLVLRQHJLXGL]LDOH VXOODSHQDFKHVLVWDWUDWWDQGR$Q]LXQDUJRPHQWRFKHSRWUHEEHDYDOODUHXQ¶HVWHQVLRQHGHOOHFRQVLGHUD]LRQLGL$QGHQDHVSRWUHEEHWUDUVLSURSULRGDXQ SDUWLFRODUHDYYHUWLPHQWRFKHO¶DXWRUHWLHQHDIDUHRVVLDFKH VXOO¶HIIHWWRPRWLYDQWH «
(12) VLULVFKLDGLWUDUUHFRQFOXVLRQLQRQGHOWXWWRJLXVWLILFDWHVXOOD EDVHGHOO¶LQWURVSH]LRQHHGHOOHHVSHULHQ]HSURYHQLHQWLGDOSURSULRVWDWRVRFLDOH!!,QHIIHWWLSHUTXDQWRULJXDUGDO¶DWWLYLWjGLFRPPLVXUD]LRQHSXz FRJOLHUVLFRPHVLDQRQVRORIRQGDWRPDVRSUDWWXWWRFRQFUHWRLOULVFKLRFKHLOJLXGLFHHVSULPDXQJLXGL]LRDOWHUDWRSURSULRVXOODPRWLYDELOLWjGHL GHVWLQDWDULGHOODGHFLVLRQHGDWRFKHILQLUHEEHSHUEDVDUORVXOSURSULRVWDWRVRFLDOH ÊFRQVLGHUDWDSRLXQ¶XOWHULRUHFRQGL]LRQHQHFHVVDULDSHUSUDWLFDUHFRQVDSHYROPHQWHXQDFRPPLVXUD]LRQHJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYDGHOODSHQDLOSRVVHVVRGL XQUHDOHSRWHQ]LDOHVFLHQWLILFRRYYHURXQSDWULPRQLRGLconoscenze certe e adeguate sui dati di partenza sui quali ci si propone di incidere nonché sulle variazioni di essi4XDORUDVLDPELVFDDRWWHQHUHGHJOLHIIHWWLGDXQ¶DWWLYLWjqIXRULGLVFXVVLRQHLQTXDOVLDVLVHWWRUHODYDOLGLWjGHOODUHJRODFKH KWWS ZZZDOWDOH[FRPGRFXPHQWVQHZVOHVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODULXQSUREOHPDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHGHLUHDWL. .
(13) . YXROHOHGHFLVLRQLDVVXQWHDWDOSURSRVLWREDVDWHVXFRQRVFHQ]HVLFXUHVFLHQWLILFKHSLXWWRVWRFKHVXOXRJKLFRPXQL3HUODFRPPLVXUD]LRQHGHOODSHQD FLzVLJQLILFDFKHVXOODEDVHGLLQIRUPD]LRQLDGHJXDWHLOJLXGLFHGRYUHEEHHVVHUHLQJUDGRGLDIIHUPDUHVHSUHVVRODVWUXWWXUDVRFLDOHVXOODTXDOHKD LPSDWWRODGHFLVLRQHSXzULVFXRWHUVLXQHIIHWWRJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYR/DJLXULVSUXGHQ]DSHQDOHSXzFRQVLGHUDUVLWXWW¶DOWURFKHVRWWUDWWDDOULVSHWWRGHOOD QRUPDGLFRQGRWWDLQTXHVWLRQH$OFRQWUDULRDWWHVRFKHOHGHFLVLRQLJLXGL]LDOLKDQQRODSRWHQ]LDOHFDUDWWHULVWLFDGLLQFLGHUHVXEHQLGLSDUWLFRODUH ULOLHYR SDWULPRQLRHOLEHUWjSHUVRQDOH
(14) ODUHJRODVLHOHYDLQHYLWDELOPHQWHDSUHVXSSRVWRGLOHJLWWLPLWj6XOSXQWRSDUWHGHOODGRWWULQDHVFOXGHFKHLO JLXGLFHVLWURYLLQXQDVLWXD]LRQHIDYRUHYROHSHUODGLVSRQLELOLWjGLGDWLIRQGDWLFLUFDODPRWLYDELOLWjGHOODFHUFKLDGLGHVWLQDWDULDFXLVLULYROJHFRQOD GHFLVLRQHRVVLDFKHHJOLQRQVLWURYLLQXQDSRVL]LRQHSDUWLFRODUPHQWHSURSL]LDSHUDWWLQJHUHLQIRUPD]LRQLFHUWHHXWLOLSHUSHUYHQLUHDXQDGHFLVLRQH UHDOPHQWHFDSDFHGLDQGDUHLQFRQWURDVFRSLGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOH'LULIOHVVRqHVFOXVDODOHJLWWLPLWjGLVFHOWHGHWWDWHGDSUHRFFXSD]LRQLGL SUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHQHOODVFHOWDJLXGL]LDOHGHOODSHQD/¶LGHDqFKHPDQFDQGRXQDGLVSRQLELOLWjLQIRUPDWLYDHTXLQGLLQDVVHQ]DGLXQQHFHVVDULR IRQGDPHQWRHPSLULFRLOJLXGLFHUDJLRQHUHEEH³DOODFLHFD´ 'DTXHVWRSULPRTXDGURVLHYLQFHFKHFRQXQDGHFLVLRQHVXOODPLVXUDGHOODSHQDLQFXLVLqGDWRDVFROWRDHVLJHQ]HJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYHLQHYLWDELOPHQWH VLSHUYLHQHDXQDFRPPLVXUD]LRQHFKHSULYDGHOVXRFRUUHGRGLSUHVXSSRVWLORJLFLHHPSLULFLUDSSUHVHQWDXQWHQWDWLYRFKHspera SHUFKpQRQSRWHQGR GLPRVWUDUHSXzVRORVSHUDUH
(15) LQXQDLQIOXHQ]DSRVLWLYDVXOODFHUFKLDGLFRQVRFLDWLFXLVLULYROJH L’inammissibile degradazione della persona a puro mezzo per un fine sociale 0DLSUREOHPLFKHVROOHYDXQDFRPPLVXUD]LRQHJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYDGHOODSHQDQRQWHUPLQDQRTXL$Q]LVLqJLjDFFHQQDWRSULPDDOIDWWRFKHO¶DVSHWWR FKHKDVXVFLWDWRPDJJLRUHDWWHQ]LRQHQHOODVFLHQ]DSHQDOLVWLFDqTXHOORUHODWLYRDOUXRORFKHILQLVFHFROULYHVWLUHLOUHRSXQLWRFRQXQDFRQGDQQDDSHQD HVHPSODUHULVSHWWRDOODVRFLHWjFKHORSXQLVFH8QUXRORFKHVLULWLHQHLQSDUWHGLWLSR³VDFULILFDOH´,OULOLHYRGLIRQGRVXOODTXHVWLRQHULSRVDVXO FRQYLQFLPHQWRGHOODLQDPPLVVLELOLWjGLXQDGHJUDGD]LRQHGHOODSHUVRQDGHOFRQGDQQDWRD³VWUXPHQWR´DQ]LWXWWRDOODOXFHGHOIDWWRFKHGDOOH GLVSRVL]LRQLGLSULQFLSLRGHOODFDUWDFRVWLWX]LRQDOHODSHUVRQDXPDQDqFRQWHPSODWDFRPHILQH ÊDPSLDPHQWHDYYHUWLWRFKHXQDSUDVVLFRPPLVXUDWLYDEDVDWDVXFULWHULGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHULVFKLHUHEEHGLDVVXPHUHODSHUVRQDGHOFRQGDQQDWRD ³PH]]R´DOILQHGLLQWLPRULUHODJHQHUDOLWjGLFRORURFKHQRQKDQQRDQFRUDGHOLQTXLWRPDFKHSRWUHEEHURIDUORLQIXWXUR9DSXQWXDOL]]DWRFKHXQ XWLOL]]RGHOUHRFRPHPH]]RSHUILQLGLSROLWLFDFULPLQDOHQRQVRORFRQVLVWHUHEEHLQXQLQJLXVWRVDFULILFLRPDUDSSUHVHQWHUHEEHDQFKHXQ¶LQWROOHUDELOH YLROD]LRQHGHOOD LQDOLHQDELOH
(16) GLJQLWjXPDQD ,OULVSHWWRGHOODGLJQLWjXPDQDqHYLGHQ]LDWRQRQSXzPDLYHQLUHPHQRVSHFLHQHOVRJJHWWRGLQDQ]LDOODOHJJHDQFKHTXDQGRLOVRJJHWWRLQTXHVWLRQH qXQFROSHYROHGDSXQLUHSHUXQUHDWR[12]$Q]LVLqDFFHQQDWRSULPDDOIDWWRFKHSURSULRQHOPRPHQWRLQFXLXQVRJJHWWRVLWURYDDOFRVSHWWRGHO JLXGLFHVLYHULILFDXQDFRQGL]LRQHGLmassima vulnerabilità'LFRQVHJXHQ]DqSURSULRLQTXHVWHFLUFRVWDQ]HFKHGHYHSUHVWDUVLSULQFLSDOHDWWHQ]LRQH DOODtutela del valore della dignità umana La strumentalizzazione del condannato è inevitabile? 6XOODTXHVWLRQHQRQVRQRPDQFDWHULIOHVVLRQLGRWWULQDOLRYHqVWDWRVRVWHQXWRFKHDULJRUGLORJLFDLQRJQLSXQL]LRQHFRQFUHWDSXzHVVHUHUDYYLVDWRXQ ³VDFULILFLR´GHOUHRSHUODFRPXQLWj4XHVWRSHUFKpODVRFLHWjSLDFFLDRQRQSLDFFLDSHUPH]]RGHOOHSHQHLQIOLJJHXQPDOHFRQLOILQHXOWLPRGL difendersi[13] KWWS ZZZDOWDOH[FRPGRFXPHQWVQHZVOHVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODULXQSUREOHPDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHGHLUHDWL. .
(17) . 3UHQGHQGRVSXQWRGDOVLJQLILFDWRGLVWUXPHQWDOL]]D]LRQHqSRVVLELOHDIIHUPDUHFKHXQ¶RSHUD]LRQHGLVWUXPHQWDOL]]D]LRQHGLXQDSHUVRQDVLKDDOORUFKp TXHVW¶XOWLPDYHQJDimpiegata RSLSURSULDPHQWHVIUXWWDWD
(18) SHULOUDJJLXQJLPHQWRGLVFRSLDOHLestranei3UHPHWWHQGRFLzSHUTXDQWRDWWLHQHDOOR VFRSRULHGXFDWLYR DFXLOD&RVWLWX]LRQHFRPDQGDGL WHQGHUH!!
(19) SXzFRJOLHUVLFKHODGLYHUVLWjGLFRQFOXVLRQLVXOODFRQVXPD]LRQHRPHQRGLXQD VWUXPHQWDOL]]D]LRQHGLSHQGHGDOODULVSRVWDFKHVLGjDGXQLQWHUURJDWLYRGLIRQGRRVVLD ORVFRSRGLULDFTXLVL]LRQHGDSDUWHGHOUHRGHOULVSHWWRGHL YDORULRIIHVLqXQTXDOFRVDGDULWHQHUVLDOXLHVWUDQHR" $OILQHGLPHJOLRLQTXDGUDUHO¶LQWHUURJDWLYRULVXOWDQRRSSRUWXQHXQDVHULHGLFRQVLGHUD]LRQL,QQDQ]LWXWWROD&RVWLWX]LRQHDVVHJQDDOODSHUVRQDXQD SRVL]LRQHGLDVVROXWDLPSRUWDQ]DFROORFDQGRODDOO¶DSLFHGHOODJHUDUFKLDGHLYDORULGHOO¶RUGLQDPHQWR,PSRQHSRLLQRFFDVLRQHGHOODFRQGDQQDD VFRQWDUHXQDSHQDXQLPSHJQRULHGXFDWLYR'DOGLVSRVWRFRPELQDWRGHOSULPRHWHU]RFRPPDGHOO¶DUW&RVWLQIDWWLLOTXDGURGHOLQHDWRqGLXQreo colpevole (anche) da rieducare attraverso la punizione8QLPSHJQRYDOLGRVuSHULOOHJLVODWRUHPDGDOTXDOHQRQSXzULWHQHUVLHVRQHUDWRLOJLXGLFH 3HUTXDQWRULJXDUGDLOJLXGLFHYDOHDGLUHLOWHPDGHOODFRPPLVXUD]LRQHGHOODSHQDqFKLDURFKHHJOLKDGDIDUYLIURQWHSURSULRLQRFFDVLRQHGHOOR VYROJLPHQWRGHOVXRcompito di determinazione della pena3UHPHVVRFLzGRYUHEEHGDUVLXQDVROX]LRQHQHJDWLYDDOO¶LQWHUURJDWLYRGHOVHOD ULHGXFD]LRQHVLDXQTXDOFRVDGLestraneo al reoULVXOWDQGRLQFDVRFRQWUDULRGLIILFLOHFRQFHSLUHO¶DVSLUD]LRQHFRVWLWX]LRQDOHDOODULHGXFD]LRQHFRPHXQD HFFH]LRQHDOODUHJROD FRVWLWX]LRQDOHDQFK¶HVVD
(20) GHOtrattamento della persona come fine dell’azione dell’ordinamento e mai come mezzo 8QXOWHULRUHHJHQHUDOHFRQVLGHUD]LRQHGHYHHVVHUHIDWWDULJXDUGRDOODOHJLWWLPD]LRQHGHOO¶HVHUFL]LRGHOODSRWHVWjSXQLWLYDQHOODRWWLFDSUHYHQWLYD ,QIDWWLGDOODFRQFH]LRQHXWLOLWDULVWLFDGLVFHQGHVuO¶LPSHJQRGHOOR6WDWRDJDUDQWLUHXQXWLOHVRFLDOHPDDQFKHO¶LPSHJQRGHOORVWHVVRDVFRQJLXUDUHXQD VWUXPHQWDOL]]D]LRQHGHOFRQGDQQDWRSHUO¶LQWHUHVVHJHQHUDOH,QIDWWLQHOODFRQFH]LRQHFODVVLFDGL%HFFDULDLOVDFULILFLRGHOODOLEHUWjPHGLDQWHODSHQDq JLXVWLILFDELOHunicamente, e non oltre, quanto necessita il conseguimento dell’utile per la società1RQqVRORQHOODQHFHVVLWjFKHVHJXDXQXWLOHSHUOD VRFLHWjEHQVuQHOIDWWRFKHVLDcerta HQRQVROR³VSHUDWD´GDOJLXGLFH
(21) ODYHULILFD]LRQHFKHVLSHUFHSLVFHLOFRQWHQXWRHODYDOHQ]DGHOODFRVWUX]LRQH XWLOLWDULVWLFDSolo a queste condizioni dovrebbe infatti ritenersi possibile e giustificato un sacrificio della libertà&RQYDOXWD]LRQLSULYHGLXQDGHJXDWR SDWULPRQLRVFLHQWLILFRHGHPSLULFRVLVXSHUHUHEEHGLFRQVHJXHQ]DLO OHJLWWLPR
(22) VDFULILFLRJLj³HVLVWHQ]LDOPHQWH´SUHVHQWH HLQHOLPLQDELOH
(23) QHOOD FRQGDQQD Indicazioni Costituzionali /D&RVWLWX]LRQHQRQSUHQGHHVSUHVVDPHQWHSRVL]LRQHDSURSRVLWRGHOUXRORGHOODSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHQHOODFRPPLVXUD]LRQHWXWWDYLDGDOODGRWWULQD VRQRPDQLIHVWDWLYDULGXEELFLUFDODOHJLWWLPLWjGHOO¶LQFOXVLRQHGHOODSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHIUDOHILQDOLWjSHUVHJXLELOLQHOODIDVHFRPPLVXUDWLYDDOODOXFH GHOOHGLVSRVL]LRQLFRVWLWX]LRQDOHLQPDWHULDSHQDOH,QSULPROXRJROHULIOHVVLRQLGRWWULQDOLVLVRQRFRQFHQWUDWHVXOO¶DUWFRPPD&RVWODGGRYHq VDQFLWRLOSULQFLSLRFKH ODUHVSRQVDELOLWjSHQDOHqSHUVRQDOH!!/DFRQFOXVLRQHFXLqSHUYHQXWDODGRWWULQDGRPLQDQWHqGHOODHVFOXVLRQHGHOOD SUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHWUDLFULWHULILQDOLVWLFLGLFRPPLVXUD]LRQH/DWHVLWUDHIRQGDPHQWRGDOVLJQLILFDWRPLQLPRGDVXELWRDWWULEXLWRDOSUHFHWWR FRVWLWX]LRQDOHLQSDUROD[14] ,OSULQFLSLRLPSRQHQGRODpersonalità della pena EDQGHQGRTXLQGLSRVVLELOLWjGLVDQ]LRQLFROOHWWLYH
(24) qVWDWRLQIDWWLLQQDQ]LWXWWRLQWHUSUHWDWRFRPH divieto di responsabilità per fatto altruiÊDIIHUPDWRFKHVHODGLVSRVL]LRQHHQXQFLDWDGDOO¶DUW&RVWYLHWDDOOHJLVODWRUHGLSUHYHGHUHFKHVLYHQJD FKLDPDWLDULVSRQGHUHSHQDOPHQWHSHUXQIDWWRDOWUXLSHULOJLXGLFH DPDJJLRUUDJLRQHDVHJXLWRGHOULFRQRVFLPHQWRQHOODGLVSRVL]LRQHLQSDURODFKH QHHVDOWDLQGXELWDELOPHQWHODIXQ]LRQHJDUDQWLVWDGHOSULQFLSLRnulla poena sine culpa
(25) GHYHULWHQHUVLSUHFOXVLYRGHOODSRVVLELOLWjGLLQGXOJHUHQHOOD KWWS ZZZDOWDOH[FRPGRFXPHQWVQHZVOHVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODULXQSUREOHPDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHGHLUHDWL. .
(26) . WHQWD]LRQHGLYDOXWDUHGHLIDWWLGHOWXWWRHVWUDQHLDOUHR7UDWDOLIDWWLHVWUDQHLDOUHRqSUHFLVDWRFKHVRQRGDDQQRYHUDUVLVLFXUDPHQWHLELVRJQLGL LQWLPLGD]LRQHJHQHUDOH,OUHRVHJXHQGRTXHVWDORJLFDQRQSXzHVVHUHUDJJLXQWRGDXQDSHQDLOFXLDPPRQWDUHVLDVFHOWRDOILQHGLIXQJHUHGDPRQLWR SHUODVRFLHWjULSURGXFHQGRTXHVW¶XOWLPRXQIDWWRUHFKHHVXODGDOIDWWRSHUVRQDOHFROSHYROHFRPPHVVR,QIDWWLQHOFDVRLQFXLSUHRFFXSD]LRQLGL SUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHFRQGXFDQRLOJLXGLFHDOODGHFLVLRQHSHUXQDSHQDGLentità maggiore rispetto a quella che sarebbe stata determinata in assenza di tali valutazioniFLVLSUHRFFXSHUHEEHQRQGHOODVXDSHUVRQDOHFRQGRWWDPDGHOODSUREDELOHIXWXUDFRQGRWWDGLaltriFRQVRFLDWL[15]9DOXWD]LRQLGL HVLJHQ]HGHOJHQHUHFRQGXUUHEEHURGLFRQVHJXHQ]DDXQDGHFLVLRQHSHUXQDFHUWD HQWLWjGL
(27) SHQDFKHLQSDUWHnonVDUHEEHSHUVRQDOH 3UHPHSXQWXDOL]]DUHFKHODGRWWULQDGHGXFHGDOGLYLHWRGLUHVSRQVDELOLWjSHQDOHSHUIDWWRDOWUXLnonXQDSDUDOLVLGHOODIXQ]LRQHGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOH EHQVul’illegittimità di qualsivoglia considerazione di istanze generalpreventive ad opera del giudice di merito nella scelta della pena. ,OSUHVXSSRVWRGDFXLSUHQGHOHPRVVHODWHVLqFKHLOOHJLVODWRUHSUHGHWHUPLQDO¶LQWHUYDOORHGLWWDOHGHOODSHQDDQFKHVXOODEDVHGLFRQVLGHUD]LRQLGL SUHYHQ]LRQLJHQHUDOL[16]'LFRQVHJXHQ]DDQFKHODPLQDFFLDHO¶LUURJD]LRQHGHOPLQLPRqFRQVLGHUDWDFDSDFHGLVRGGLVIDUHO¶LQWHUHVVHJHQHUDO SUHYHQWLYRLQTXDQWRFRQO¶DSSOLFD]LRQHGHOODSHQD VHEEHQHQHOPLQLPRHGLWWDOH
(28) VLqLQRJQLPRGRRIIHUWRO¶HVHPSLRGHOODFRQFUHWL]]D]LRQHGHOOD PLQDFFLDDLSRWHQ]LDOLWUDVJUHVVRULGHLSUHFHWWLSHQDOL,OILQHGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHSHUWDQWRQRQSXzULWHQHUVLGLVDWWHVR'DFLzWUDJJRQRVSXQWRGXH RUGLQLGLFRQVLGHUD]LRQL
(29) GDXQDSDUWHFKHODIXQ]LRQHGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHQRQqDVVHQWHQHOODIDVHLUURJDWLYD
(30) GDOO¶DOWUDFKHFRQ O¶DSSOLFD]LRQHGHOODSHQDLOVHQWLPHQWRGLWLPRUHHGLOUDIIRU]DPHQWRGHOODILGXFLDQHLFLWWDGLQLqFRPXQTXHUHDOL]]DWR7XWWDYLDLQWDOHIDVHTXHVWH ULOHYDQRFRPHFRQVHJXHQ]HDFFHVVRULHHQRQFRPHILQDOLWjHVVHQ]LDOL6HIRVVHURILQDOLWjHVVHQ]LDOLHTXLQGLDYHQWLXQDULOHYDQ]DDXWRQRPDQHO JLXGL]LRGLGRVDJJLRSRWUHEEHURFRQGXUUHLOJLXGLFHDOO¶DSSOLFD]LRQHGLSHQHGLTXDQWLWjSLHOHYDWDHGLFRQVHJXHQ]DDOODOXFHGLTXDQWRRVVHUYDWR SULPDODPLVXUDGHOODSHQDRWWHQXWDQRQVHJXLUHEEH WRWDOPHQWH
(31) DOIDWWRSHUVRQDOHSHULOTXDOHLOUHRqUHVSRQVDELOHPDOHJDWDDXQSHULFRORGLIXWXUD FRPPLVVLRQHGLIDWWLDOWUXL 'DTXHVWRUDJLRQDPHQWRGHULYDQRQVRORFKHLOULFRQRVFLPHQWRGLVSD]LDOOHLVWDQ]HJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYH TXDORUDTXHVW¶XOWLPHLQFLGHUHEEHURLQmalam partem
(32) QHOO¶RSHUD]LRQHGLFRPPLVXUD]LRQHFRPSRUWHUHEEHXQDYLROD]LRQHGHOGLYLHWRGLUHVSRQVDELOLWjSHUIDWWRDOWUXLPDDQFKHFKHPHWWHUHEEHLQ IXQ]LRQHLOULVFKLRFKHVXOODPLVXUDGHOODSHQDILQDOHDSSOLFDWDDOUHRFRQFRUUDSLYROWHLOPHGHVLPRHOHPHQWR,OIDWWRUHJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYRSHU O DSSXQWR $WDOHPRGRGLUDJLRQDUHqVWDWRUHSOLFDWRFKHVHVLULFRQRVFHFKHLOOHJLVODWRUHLQUHDOWjWLHQHFRQWRGLHVLJHQ]HGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHQHOOD SUHGLVSRVL]LRQHGHLPDVVLPLHPLQLPLGLSHQDLOSULQFLSLRVDUHEEHGDULWHQHUVLYLRODWRLQRJQLLSRWHVLGLLQIOL]LRQHGLSHQDDQFKHTXDORUDVLDDSSOLFDWR LOPLQLPRHGLWWDOH 0,/,7(//2
(33) 6HFRQGRTXHVWDORJLFDVDUHEEHTXLQGLGDULWHQHUVLG¶LPSHGLPHQWRJLjSHULOOHJLVODWRUH,QULVSRVWDDWDOHULOLHYR FULWLFRqVWDWRFRQWURELHWWDWRWXWWDYLDFKHQHOORVWDGLRHGLWWDOHQRQVLqDQFRUDGLQDQ]LDGDOFXQVRJJHWWRGDSXQLUH[17] 8QDFRQYHUJHQ]DGLYHGXWHSHUzVLUHJLVWUDULJXDUGRDOODLQDPPLVVLELOLWjGHOOHFGVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODUL[18]3UHOLPLQDUPHQWHYDSUHFLVDWRFKHOD FRQGDQQDDVFRQWDUHXQDSHQDqXQDFRQGDQQDHVHPSODUHQRQWDQWRSHUFKpFRQWUDVVHJQDWDGDOODSDUWLFRODUHVHYHULWjEHQVuSHUFKpGHFLVDper dare un esempio[19]3HUTXHVWDUDJLRQHLSRWHVLGHOJHQHUHSRVVRQRGHILQLUVLFRPHO¶HVHPSLRSLeclatante della influenza di considerazioni general preventive nella fase commisurativa della pena/DSUHRFFXSD]LRQHDOULJXDUGRPDJJLRUPHQWHDYYHUWLWDqFKHLQTXDQWRHFFHVVLYDPHQWHVHYHUHHVVH ULVFKLQRGLHVSULPHUHXQD IHURFH
(34) UHD]LRQHSXQLWLYDLQFRPSUHQVLELOHSHULOUHR(RVWDFRODUHTXLQGLJLjGDOODQDVFLWDO¶RELHWWLYRULHGXFDWLYRDWWULEXLWR GDOOD&RVWLWX]LRQHDOODSHQD KWWS ZZZDOWDOH[FRPGRFXPHQWVQHZVOHVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODULXQSUREOHPDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHGHLUHDWL. .
(35) . $OODOXFHGHOOHRVVHUYD]LRQLLQWUDSUHVHVHO¶RSHUD]LRQHGLFRPPLVXUD]LRQHGHOODSHQDLPSHJQDLOJLXGLFHDGDGHJXDUHHVVDD³TXDOFRVD´TXHVWR ³TXDOFRVD´QRQSXzSHUWDQWRFRQVLVWHUHQHOELVRJQRGLLQWLPLGD]LRQHGHLSRWHQ]LDOLFULPLQDOLSHUXQDVHULHGLUDJLRQL
(36) LQSULPROXRJRVLqYLVWRFKH LOJLXGLFHQRQGLVSRQHGHOOH DGHJXDWH
(37) LQIRUPD]LRQLFKHJOLSHUPHWWHUHEEHURGLYDOXWDUHODSURGX]LRQHGHOO¶HIIHWWRJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYRODGHFLVLRQHGL FRQVHJXHQ]DILQLUHEEHSHUIRQGDUVLVXGDWLLQDWWHQGLELOL
(38) ELVRJQDLQROWUHULFRQRVFHUHFKHYLVWHOHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHGHOODFRPXQLFD]LRQHRSHUDWDGDL PH]]LGLFRPXQLFD]LRQHGLPDVVDGLIILFLOPHQWHWXWWDODFRPSDJLQHVRFLDOHSRWUjDYHUHODSHUFH]LRQH IHGHOH
(39) GHOIDWWRUHJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYRFKH VRVWLHQHODGHFLVLRQH
(40) XQDGHFLVLYDUDJLRQHqSRLUDSSUHVHQWDWDGDOODSUHVHQ]DQHOGHWWDWRFRVWLWX]LRQDOHGLXQDVHULHGLRVWDFROLFKHFRPHVLq RVVHUYDWRDSSDLRQRGLIILFLOPHQWHVRUPRQWDELOL LOSULQFLSLRGLXJXDJOLDQ]DLOULVSHWWRGHLGLULWWLLQYLRODELOLGHOODSHUVRQDLOGLYLHWRGLUHVSRQVDELOLWj SHQDOHSHUIDWWRDOWUXLLOSULQFLSLRULHGXFDWLYR
(41) 9DDJJLXQWRFKHXQDVWUXPHQWDOL]]D]LRQHGHOUHRQRQVRORqGDULWHQHUVLXQDSUDWLFDLQFRQFLOLDELOHFRO YDORUHGHOODGLJQLWjXPDQDPDDOWUHVuDQWLWHWLFDULVSHWWRDOFRPSLWRGLrimuovere gli ostacoli che si frappongono allo sviluppo della personalità del singoloULFKLHVWRGDOO¶DUWFRPPDGHOOD&RVWLWX]LRQH$OULJXDUGRVRFFRUURQRSURSULROHSDUROHGHOO¶DXWRUH/XGHUVVHQLOTXDOHSXQWXDOL]]DFKH O¶LPSHJQRSHUODWXWHODGHOODGLJQLWjGHOO¶LQGLYLGXRVLUDYYLVDTXDQGR LQVLWXD]LRQLQHOOHTXDOLHJOLQRQVDSSLDDLXWDUVLGDVHVWHVVRJOLVLRIIUDOD SHUFRUULELOLWjGLXQSURJUDPPDULDELOLWDWLYR!![20] 6WDGLIDWWRFKHDOODOXFHGHJOLDVSHWWLQRGDOLDIIURQWDWLLOSHQVLHURGRWWULQDOHGRPLQDQWHVXOODTXHVWLRQHSXzULWHQHUVLDGDJLDWRVXVROLGHIRQGDPHQWD RVVLD VXOO¶LGHDFKHLQXQVLVWHPDSHQDOHcoerenteFKHDJLVFDQHOrispetto dei diritti fondamentali di ognuno HSHUFLzDQFKHGHOUHRGDFRQGDQQDUH
(42) H DOORVWHVVRWHPSRRSHULLOSLSRVVLELOHFRQmetodi empiricamente fondatiQRQqSRVVLELOHULFRQRVFHUHVHQ]DLPEDUD]]LXQDSDWHQWHGLOHJLWWLPLWjDG XQDFRPPLVXUD]LRQHJHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYDGHOODSHQD $OWDOH[PDJJLR$UWLFRORGLAntonio Casapulla
(43) BBBBBBBBBBBBB [1],QGRWWULQDULJXDUGRDOODHODERUD]LRQHGL)HXHUEDFKVLSDUODGL VFRSHUWDPDLPHQ]LRQDWD!!FIU)67(//$La giustizia e le ingiustizieS ÊHVSUHVVRDQFKHXQJLXGL]LR GL VRUSUHQGHQWHPRGHUQLWj!!ULJXDUGRODFRQILJXUD]LRQHGHOODQRUPDLQFULPLQDWULFHRSHUDWDGDOILORVRIRWHGHVFRGD'(9(52Prevenzione generale e condanna dell’innocenteS [2]1HOYDQJHORVHFRQGR*LRYDQQL ;,
(44) FIU)3$/$==2Introduzione ai principi del diritto penale7RULQR*LDSSLFKHOOL S [3]6XOODFDSDFLWjGHWHUUHQWHGHOODSHQDqQHWWRLOSHQVLHURHVSUHVVRGDOO¶DXWRUH1XYRORQHLOTXDOHDOULJXDUGRLQIDWWLDIIHUPDFKHGD XQSXQWRGLYLVWDSVLFRORJLFRODSHQDR PHJOLRODPLQDFFLDGHOODSHQDHO¶HVHPSLRGHOODVXDHVHFX]LRQHHVHUFLWDQHFHVVDULDPHQWHXQDIXQ]LRQHLQWLPLGDWULFHRFRPHVLVXROGLUHGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOH!! 1892/21(3YRFHPena GLUSHQ
(45) ,Q(QFLFORSHGLDGHOGLULWWRYRO;;;,,*LXIIUq0LODQR S [4]&RVu'2/&,1,La commisurazione della pena. La pena detentiva&('$03DGRYD S [5]&IU+$66(0(5prevenzione generale e commisurazione della penaS '2/&,1,FLWS [6]3$/$==2cit.,S [7]&IU-$1'(1$(6La prevenzione generale nella fase della minaccia, dell’irrogazione e dell’esecuzione della penaLQ$$99WHRULDHSUDVVLGHOODSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOH KWWS ZZZDOWDOH[FRPGRFXPHQWVQHZVOHVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODULXQSUREOHPDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHGHLUHDWL. .
(46) . S [8]&RVu0,/,7(//2Prevenzione generale e commisurazione della penaS [9]&IU+$66(0(5Prevenzione generale e commisurazione della penaSSHVVÊSRLO¶DXWRUH$QGHQDHVDVRWWROLQHDUHFRPHXQSUHVXSSRVWRSHUXQDULVFRVVLRQHGLHIIHWWR JHQHUDOSUHYHQWLYRqGDFRQVLGHUDUVLODFRPXQLFD]LRQHDLFLWWDGLQL/RVFKHPDGHOO¶DXWRUHPXRYHGDOODFRQVLGHUD]LRQHFKHO¶LQDVSULPHQWRGLSHQDHVVHQGRXQGDWRRELHWWLYR QHFHVVLWDGLHVVHUHFRPXQLFDWRLQPRGRFKHLGHVWLQDWDULQHDEELDQRSHUFH]LRQH-$1'(1$(6La prevenzione generale nella fase della minaccia, dell’irrogazione e dell’esecuzione della penaSSHVV [10],QIDWWLO¶DXWRUH)5RPDQRULOHYDFKH DFFDQWRQDWDODYLFHQGDSLRPHQRFODPRURVDGLFURQDFDFRQLOJLXGLFDWRVLqVSHQWRORVWUHSLWXVIRULHO LPSDWWRSXEEOLFLWDULRGHL PDVVPHGLDVIXJJHWUDQQHFKHSHUTXDOFKHSUHFDULRVXVVXOWRDOO DWWHQ]LRQHGHOODFROOHWWLYLWjSHUUHVWDUHVRPPHUVRQHOO RPEUDHQHOO REOLR!!)UDQFHVFR5RPDQRLa pena: sopravvivenza di una espressione priva del suo significato linguistico.*LXUPHULWR [11]&RVu-$1'(1$(6La prevenzione generale nella fase della minaccia, dell’irrogazione e dell’esecuzione della pena,LQ$$99WHRULDHSUDVVLGHOODSUHYHQ]LRQH JHQHUDOHS [12]3XQWXDOHO¶DXWRUH&DUXVRQHOO¶DIIHUPDUHFKHODSHUVRQDFKHKDFRPPHVVRXQUHDWRPDQWLHQHLOVXRGLULWWRDGHVVHUHULVSHWWDWRQHOODVXDGLJQLWj&$5862La discrezionalità penale nella commisurazione della pena: dovere conoscitivo o potere dispositivo del giudice"/¶LQGLFHSHQDOHS [13]1HOSHQVLHURGHOO¶DXWRUH0LOLWHOORLQIDWWLODVWUXPHQWDOL]]D]LRQHGHOFRQVRFLDWRDOORVWDGLRLQFXLJLDFHLOVLVWHPDSHQDOHqXQDUHDOWjLQHYLWDELOH/¶DXWRUHGRSRXQDFULWLFD DOFRQFHWWRGLSUHYHQ]LRQHVSHFLDOHDVVROXWDPHQWHSULYRGLXQminimumGLVWUXPHQWDOL]]D]LRQHJLXQJHDGXQJLXGL]LRQHWWRQHOVHQVRGHOOD LQVFLQGLELOLWjGLXQD VWUXPHQWDOL]]D]LRQHGHOVLQJRORGDRJQLIRUPDGLVDQ]LRQHSUHYHQWLYD!!/¶DXWRUHSDUWHQGRGDOODSUHFLVD]LRQHGHOODFRPXQHLPSRVWD]LRQHXWLOLWDULVWLFDGHOODSUHYHQ]LRQH JHQHUDOHHTXHOODVSHFLDOHVRWWROLQHDLQIDWWLFKHFRPXQHqDQFKHODUDGLFHRVVLD LOSDUDGRVVRPRUDOHSHUFXLODSHQDVWUXPHQWDOL]]DO¶XRPRDEHQHILFLRGLDOWULXRPLQL!!6XOOD VFRUWDGLWDOLSUHPHVVHHUHODWLYDPHQWHDOODSUHYHQ]LRQHVSHFLDOHHJOLJLXQJHDVRVWHQHUHFKHQRQVLDSRVVLELOHLQWHQGHUHODIXQ]LRQHGLULVRFLDOL]]D]LRQHFRPHGLUHWWDDGRWWHQHUH O¶DGHJXDPHQWRDOOHIRUPHPLQLPHGHOODYLWDFLYLOHVHQ]DULFRQRVFHUHLQFLzXQRVFRSRSLJHQHUDOHRVVLD XQRVFRSRGLutilità sociale,OILQHXOWLPRGHOSURJUDPPDVSHFLDO SUHYHQWLYRSUHFLVDO¶DXWRUHqFKHODVRFLHWjSRVVDFRQVHUYDUVLFRQOHSURSULHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHHVVHQ]LDOLLOOHVH,QWHUHVVHTXHVW¶XOWLPRODFXLWLWRODULWjSHUO¶DXWRUH VSHWWDQRQ FHUWRDOUHRPDDOODVRFLHWj!!0,/,7(//2Prevenzione generale e commisurazione della penaSS [14]*%(77,2/Diritto penaleSDUWHJHQHUDOHHGULYHGXWDHDJJLRUQDWD3DGRYD&('$0 S/¶DXWRUH S
(47) ULFRQRVFHFRPHLOSULQFLSLRIRVVH GHVWLQDWRD ULYROX]LRQDUHLOGLULWWRSHQDOHGHOGRPDQL!! [15]'2/&,1,la commisurazione della pena,S [16]&IU'2/&,1,, Potere discrezionale (dir. pen.),LQEnciclopedia del dirittoYRO;;,90LODQR*LXIIUp S &RQODSUHPHVVDFKHODOHJJHSUHYHGHXQDSHQDSHU ILQDOLWjGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHPDLOOHJLVODWRUH QHSHQVD RGRYUHEEHSHQVDUQH
(48) O¶HQWLWjHGLWWDOHQRQJLjSURSULDPHQWHLQUDSSRUWRDOODPLVXUDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOH «
(49) EHQVuLQUDSSRUWRDOOHGLYHUVHSRVVLELOLJUDYLWjGHOO¶LOOHFLWRFROSHYROH!!O¶DIIHUPD]LRQHFKHODSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOHqYDOXWDWDGDOOHJLVODWRUHVLDSHULOPLQLPRFKHSHULOPDVVLPR HGLWWDOLqFRQWHVWDWDGD520$12*5$662FRPPHQWDULRVLVWHPDWLFRGHOFRGLFHSHQDOH,,DUW WHU]DHGL]LRQHS [17]520$12prevenzione generale e prospettive di riformaS/¶DXWRUH5RPDQRSXQWXDOL]]DFRPHDOOXGHQGRDXQIDWWRJLjFRPPHVVRVLDQWLFLSHUHEEH ODIDVHGHOOD FRQFUHWDLUURJD]LRQHGHOODSHQD!!1HOORVWHVVRVHQVRDQFKH*),$1'$&$±(086&2Diritto penaleS [18]3HUO¶DXWRUH6WHOOD O¶HIIHWWRGLGHWHUUHQ]DFRVLFRPHYLHQHDELWXDOPHQWHFRQFHSLWRGHYHVFRPSDULUHGDOO¶RUL]]RQWHGHOODSUDVVLJLXGL]LDULD LJLXGLFLQRQSRWUDQQRPDL KWWS ZZZDOWDOH[FRPGRFXPHQWVQHZVOHVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODULXQSUREOHPDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHGHLUHDWL. .
(50) . VDFULILFDUHXQLQQRFHQWHSHUHVLJHQ]HGLSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOH!!)67(//$la giustizia e le ingiustizie, S ),$1'$&$',&+,$5$una introduzione al sistema penale 3HUXQDOHWWXUDFRVWLWX]LRQDOPHQWHRULHQWDWDS [19]&$77$1(2YRFHPenaLQ(QFLFORSHGLDGHOGLULWWRS $IIHUPDQRFKHLQVLPLOLFLUFRVWDQ]HLOFRQGDQQDWR VXELUHEEHXQDIRUPDGLVWUXPHQWDOL]]D]LRQHSHUVRQDOHSHU VFRSLGLXWLOLWjVRFLDOH VLWUDVIRUPHUHEEHLQSRFKHSDUROHLQXQDVRUWDGLFDSURHVSLDWRULRVDFULILFDWRVXOO¶DOWDUHGHOODSUHYHQ]LRQHJHQHUDOH!!),$1'$&$',&+,$5$op. cit S [20]/8'(566(1, Il declino del diritto penaleDFXUDGL/(XVHELS. KWWS ZZZDOWDOH[FRPGRFXPHQWVQHZVOHVHQWHQ]HHVHPSODULXQSUREOHPDGLSUHYHQ]LRQHGHLUHDWL. .
(51)
Documenti correlati
Suggerimento: Sono tutte verifiche brutali, basta fare dei conti
[r]
[r]
[r]
Dimostrare che un numero di Carmichael ha almeno tre fattori primi (Sugg... Cercare di rompere questo sistema e di decifrare e leggere
Considerando il teorema di Pitagora e il fatto che le misure dei lati devono essere espresse da numeri interi (di metri), si ha che l´altezza del trapezio misura m 40, mentre
non è più derogabile un serio intervento in materia di assistenza e cura delle persone non autosufficienti, in particolare anziani e disabili, che riguardi un rafforzamento
49, comma 1, riguarda, in via generale, il trasferimento in unica soluzione di valori costituiti da denaro contante e titoli al portatore di importo pari o superiore a 3.000 euro,
