Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Disease

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Handbook of Pediatric

Retinal Disease

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Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Disease

Edited by

Kenneth W. Wright, MD

Director, Wright Foundation for Pediatric Ophthalmology Director, Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California—Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California

Peter H. Spiegel, MD

Focus On You, Inc., Palm Desert, California Inland Eye Clinic, Murrieta, California Children’s Eye Institute, Upland, California

Lisa S. Thompson, MD

Attending Physician, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois

Illustrators

Timothy C. Hengst, CMI Susan Gilbert, CMI Faith Cogswell

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Kenneth W. Wright, MD Peter H. Spiegel, MD Director, Wright Foundation for Focus On You, Inc.

Pediatric Ophthalmology Palm Desert, CA Director, Pediatric Ophthalmology, Inland Eye Clinic,

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Murrieta, CA Clinical Professor of Children’s Eye

Ophthalmology, University of Institute Southern California—Keck School Upland, CA

of Medicine USA

Los Angeles, CA USA

Lisa S. Thompson, MD Attending Physician

Stroger Hospital of Cook County Chicago, IL

USA

Library of Congress Control Number: 9005932935 ISBN 10: 0-387-27932-6 e-ISBN 0-387-27933-4 ISBN 13: 978-0387-27932-0

Printed on acid-free paper.

Reprinted from Wright and Spiegel: Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, second edition, 2003 Springer Science+Business Media.

All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dis- similar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.

The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identiﬁed as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.

While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

Printed in the United States of America. (BS/EVB) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

springer.com

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Preface

Pediatric ophthalmology is a broad ﬁeld encompassing many diverse topics including embryology, chromosomal abnormalities, neurology, craniofacial abnormalities, systemic diseases, retina disease, and strabismus. This variety makes pediatric ophthalmology interesting and intellectually stimulating, but at the time somewhat daunting. The handbook series is designed to give the practitioner an easy to understand, succinct yet detailed reference on various subjects related to pediatric ophthalmology.

The Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Disease is a practical resource on the diagnosis and management of both the most common and more esoteric retinal disorders. An in-depth chapter on electrophysiology of the eye (with an emphasis on hereditary retinal disease) is included. This chapter provides important information for deciding which tests to order and how to interrupt electrophysiology results. Children with retinal disorders often are faced with irreversible visual loss and even blindness. In these cases, even a seasoned physician often feels uncomfortable when speaking with the family. A beautifully sensitive chapter, “Breaking the News,” provides practical points to help the physician communicate both clearly and empathetically with the family.

A broad range of retinal disorders are covered in this volume, with many color photographs to demonstrate the ophthalmo- scopic ﬁndings. Chapters in the handbook are reader friendly and are organized with clear sub-headings to guide the reader to their areas of interest quickly. Excellent color photographs and diagrams illustrate the clinical points and help establish ﬁrm diagnosis parameters. Extensive use of tables and information boxes simplify and summarize complex topics. Each chapter is fully referenced to provide evidence-based practice guidelines and further in-depth reading.

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Another important use for the Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Disease is to serve as a basis for patient and family education. Information including diagrams and photographs from the handbook about their child’s speciﬁc retinal disease can be shared with the families. This important information is often lacking in general texts on ophthalmology and pediatrics.

I hope you will ﬁnd the Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Diseaseto be an invaluable adjunct to your pediatric practice.

Kenneth W. Wright, MD

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Contributors

Christopher F. Blodi, MD David M. Brown, MD Nancy Chernus-Mansﬁeld Laurie E. Christensen, MD Arlene V. Drack, MD Richard M. Feist, MD William L. Haynes, MD Alan E. Kimura, MD

Anthony Kriss, PhD (Posthumous) A. Linn Murphree, MD

Richard R. Ober, MD Earl A. Palmer, MD Jose S. Pulido, MD

Chittaranjan V. Reddy, MD Peter H. Spiegel, MD

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Dorothy Thompson, PhD Anne Frances Walonker Thomas A. Weingeist, MD, PhD Kenneth W. Wright, MD

x contributors

Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Disease

Handbook of Pediatric

Retinal Disease

Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Disease

Kenneth W. Wright, MD

Peter H. Spiegel, MD

Lisa S. Thompson, MD

Preface

Contents

Contributors