Subject Index

(1)

Subject Index

CMYK

A

Abscess drainage 436 Absorbed dose 26 Acinus 90

Acquired immunodeﬁ ciency syndrome (AIDS) 114 ACRIN (American College of Radiology Imaging Network)

146

Actinomycosis 108 Acute cardiac event 334

Acute interstitial pneumonia 91, 92, 113 Acute lung injury 121

Adaptive cardio–volume reconstruction 17 Adaptive ﬁ ltering 37

Adaptive multiple plane reconstruction (AMPR) 8, 14 Adenocarcinoma 152, 160, 181, 201

Adenovirus 108

Adrenal adenoma 428, 429 Adrenal gland 213, 428 Adrenocortical carcinoma 428

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 114, 122 Advanced Beneﬁ ciary Notices 147

Advanced single–slice rebinning 13 Adverse reaction 53

Aerobic bacteria – gram negative 108 – gram positive 108 Agatston score 315 AIDS 114

Air bronchogram 108, 124, 162 Air–crescent sign 111 Air embolism 198

Air trapping 65, 70, 87, 101, 349 Airway 63, 210, 221, 350, 384, 389 – ﬁ stula 72

Alcoholemia 410 Alpha–1–antitrypsin 100 Alveolar duct 90

Alveolar proteinosis 96–98 Alveoli 90, 97, 99

Alveolitis 94

American College of Cardiology (ACR) 311

American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) 146

American Heart Association (AHA) 311 Amphotericin B 437

Amyloid 91 Amyloidosis 91 Anaerobic bacteria 108 Anesthesia 190 Aneurysm 335 Angina pectoris 331

Angioﬁ broma 399 Angiography 411

Anomalous coronary artery 336 Antibiotics 113

Anticoagulation 243, 274 Aorta 287

Aortic aneurysm 293, 304, 356, 388 Aortic arch 287

Aortic coarctation 301, 387, 388 Aortic dissection 240, 293 Aortic stenosis 388 Aortography 287, 294, 418 Apical scarring 148 Area detector 21 Arrhythmia 17, 319 Arterial hypertension 321 Arterial remodeling 320 Arteriography 287, 295

Arteriovenous malformation 159, 357, 378 Arteritis 288

Asbestosis 91 Aspergilloma 436

Aspergillosis 96, 108, 110, 230 Aspergillus 96

Aspergillus fumigatus 115 Asphyxiation 247 Aspiration 112, 191 Aspirin 186, 310, 432 Asthma 78

Atelectasis 122 Atherosclerosis 309 Atherosclerotic plaque 311 Attenuation correction 186, 226, 227 Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia 160 Atypical pneumonia 109

Automated exposure control (AEC) 466 Automated scan–triggering 288 Automatic exposure control 44

B

3D backprojection 8 Bacillus anthracis 108 Barotrauma 125 Bayesian classiﬁ er 102 Benzene 47

Beta–blocker 328 Bioeffect 25 Biomarker 139, 146 Biopsy 185 – needle 191

(2)

CMYK

Blastomycosis 108 Blood volume 51 Bochdalek hernia 397

Bolus triggering 54, 55, 252, 377 Bone marrow transplantation 116 Bone scintigraphy 233

Brachial plexus 208 Brachytherapy 447 Breast cancer 134, 402 Bronchial artery 248, 300 Bronchial atresia 73, 378, 379 Bronchial stenosis 71, 251 Bronchiectasis 73, 99, 352 Bronchiolar ﬁ brosis 76 Bronchiolectasis 91 Bronchioles 76, 90 Bronchiolitis 87, 94, 99 Bronchiolitis obliterans 88, 390 – organizing pneumonia 96, 97

Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 96, 98,149, 160 Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 11, 67

Bronchoconstriction 78

Bronchogenic carcinoma 56, 221, 248 Bronchogenic cyst 220, 383

Bronchography 75, 350 Broncholithiasis 71 Bronchomalacia 350 Bronchopleural ﬁ stula 72, 436 Bronchopneumonia 94, 108 Bronchopulmonary foregut cyst 383

Bronchopulmonary sequestration 247, 248, 380 Bronchoscopy 78, 90, 186, 350, 424, 432 Bronchovascular bundle 90

Bullae 95

C C–11 226

CAD (computer aided diagnosis) 102, 147, 170, 363, 364, 463 Calciﬁ cation 148, 163, 175, 178, 205

Calcium mass score 316, 321 Calcium volume score 316 Candida 110

Carbon–11 226

Carcinoid tumor 201, 230, 233 Carcinoma in situ 206 Cardiac catheter 333 Cardiac contusion 417 Cardiac CT 17, 344 Cardiac gating 88, 289 Cardiac output 51, 328 C–arm ﬂ uoroscopy 430 Cartwheel projection 169 Case–fatality rate 140 Cavities 96

CD4+ cell count 115

Centrilobular emphysema 100 Charge–coupled devices (CCD) 463 CHD (coronary heart disease) 309 Chemical shift MRI 429

Chest – pain 320 – trauma 409

– tube 197, 198, 434 – wall 400 – X–ray 411

Chlamydia pneumonia 108 – psitacci 108

Chloral hydrate 376 Cholesterol 321, 334 Chronic aortic dissection 295

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia 96, 97

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 76 Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism 99 Cigarette smoking 78, 146, 321

Cine viewing 65, 157 Circulation time 328 Clot 274

CMV (Cytomegalovirus) 116 Coarctation 300, 386 Coaxial technique 425 Coccidiomycosis 108 Collagen vascular disease 91 Collimation 3, 5, 12, 36, 82 Colon carcinoma 134

Community acquired pneumonia 111, 438 Compactness factor 179

Compartment syndrome 279

Computer–aided diagnosis (CAD) 102, 147, 170, 363, 364, 463 Computer simulation 32

Cone–angle 4, 7 Cone–beam 4, 7, 12 Conebeam CT (CBCT) 464 Congenital lobar emphysema 379 Consolidation 96

Constrictive bronchiolitis 74, 76 Contrast enhancement 181 Contrast extravasation 377 Contrast medium (CM) 47, 48 – ionic 48

– non–ionic 48 – injection protocol 55 Contrast opaciﬁ cation 252 Contrast–to–noise ratio 7

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) 76 Core biopsy 426

Coronary artery bypass graft 336 Coronary artery disease 309 Coronary artery stenosis 332 Coronary atherosclerosis 333 Coronary calcium 309 – score 309, 312

Coronary CT angiography 57, 327 Coronary heart disease (CHD) 309 Cortex 90

Coulomb 26 Coumadin 186

Crazy paving (HRCT) 98 Cryotherapy 447 Cryptococcosis 108

Cryptococcus neoformans 111 Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia 96 CT

– angiography 288 – bronchography 68

– ﬂ uoroscopy 185, 188, 212, 430

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CMYK

– guided biopsy 175 – screening 135 – venography 271

– – indirect see indirect CT venography CTDI 6, 27

CTDIw 6, 11, 27 Curability rate 141

Curved multiplanar reformation 292 Cyclotron 226

Cyst 94

Cystic adenomatoid malformation 379 Cystic ﬁ brosis 87

Cystic hygroma 383 Cystic pattern (HRCT) 94 Cytology 199, 200 Cytomegalovirus 98, 110 Cytomegaly 94

Cytoplasm 201

D

Dashboard syndrome 409 Data management 254 Data storage 341 D–dimer test 240 Decortication 440

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) 243, 269 – acute 274

– chronic 275 Delay 54

Densitometry 159, 162 Dermoid cyst 383

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) 91, 98 Detector

– adaptive–array 4, 5 – ﬁ xed–array 4, 5 Diabetes mellitus 321 Diaphragm 395

Diaphragmatic hernia 397 Diaphragmatic paralysis 400 Diaphragmatic rupture 414 Diastole 327

DICOM 228, 343 Diffuse lung disease 81 Distress syndrome 121 DOPA 227

Dose 6

Dose modulation 38 – anatomical 7 – ECG–controlled 7 – length product 27 Dosimetry 25

Doubling time 167, 181, 187 Drug–induced lung disease 91 Drug–induced pneumonitis 98 DVT (deep venous thrombosis) 243, 269 Dynamic range 29

E

EAA (extrensic allergic alveolitis) 113

Early Lung Cancer Action Program (ELCAP) 133, 150, 168 EBCT (electron beam computed tomography) 260, 309

ECG (Electrocardiogram) 7 – tube current modulation 327 ECG gating 16, 253

– retrospective see retrospective ECG gating ECG triggering 16, 88, 253, 314

– prospective see prospective ECG triggering Effective dose 26, 36

Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 388

ELCAP (Early Lung Cancer Action Program) 133, 150, 168 Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) 309, 313, 327,

463

Elephant–trunk graft 302 Emphysema 95, 99, 112 Empyema 436, 439 Endoleak 288, 377

Endoscopic ultrasonography 443 Enhancement 47, 163

Enteric cyst 383 Enterobacter 108 Eosin 200 Eosinophilia 116 Equivalent dose 26 Erosion 261 Error 457

Escherichia coli 108 Esophageal duplication 383 Ethernet 343

Ethyl–tyrosine 227

European Union Directive 43 Eventration 400

Expiration 86 – CT 65

Extravasation 48, 54

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) 96, 98, 101, 113

F F–18 226 Facial sinuses 342 Fan–beam 9 Fat 163

Fatality rate 136, 139 – ratio 136

FDG (ﬂ uorodeoxyglucose) 225, 226 FDG–PET 164, 212, 218, 431 Feeding vessel sign 114, 159 Feldkamp algorithm 8, 13 FEV1 78

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy 69 Fibroangioendothelioma 399 Fibroatheroma 311

Fibroma 399

Fibromyosarcoma 399 Fibrosarcoma 399 Fibrosing alveolitis 91, 113 Fibrothorax 439

Fibrous cap atheroma 311, 334 Fibrous plaque 311

Field of view (FOV) 83, 289

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) 424, 427 Finger–in–glove sign 116

First pass 50 Fissure 207

(4)

CMYK

Flail chest 414

Flat–panel detector 22, 461 Flow rate 288

Fluconazole 437 Fluorine–18

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) 225 Fluoroscopy 188, 313, 424

FNA (ﬁ ne needle aspiration) 424, 427 Focal lung disease 155

Focal spot 6, 28 Follow–up 151 Framingham Study 321

Full width at half maximum (FWHM) 5, 344 Functional residual capacity 127

Fungi 108

FWHM (full width at half maximum) 5, 344

G

Gamma rays 226 Ganglion cell tumor 384 Ganglioneuroblastoma 384 Ganglioneuroma 384 Germ cell tumor 383 Glucose 227

Graft vs host disease (GVHD) 117 Granuloma 93, 151, 159, 378, 454, 455 Gray (Gy) 26

Ground–glass opacity (GGO) 97, 148, 162 Growth 181, 187

H

Haemophilus inﬂ uenzae 108 Half–life 227

Halo 93 Halo sign 159

Hamartoma 71, 164, 177, 200, 201 HDL cholesterol 321

Heart 17 Helminths 108 Hemitruncus 385

Hemomediastinum 411, 417 Hemopericardium 444 Hemopneumothorax 414 Hemoptysis 63, 73, 245 Hemorrhage 197, 410, 433, 435 Hemothorax 415

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (M. Osler) 252 Herpes simplex virus 94, 117

Hiatus hernia 397 High–contrast resolution 6 Histogram 177, 179, 264, 292, 348 Histoplasmosis 94, 108, 230, 384 HMO 147

Hodgkin’s disease 381 Honeycomb cyst 95 Horseshoe lung 380 Hounsﬁ eld unit (HU) 48 HRCT 31, 82

Hydatid cyst 186 Hydatid disease 96 Hydrostatic edema 128

Hydroxyapatite 311, 316

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 93, 97 Hyperthyroidism 382

Hypogenetic lung syndrome 380 Hypopharynx 350

I

ICRP (International Commission on Radiation Protection) 26, 43

Idiopathic pulmonary ﬁ brosis 91, 98 Image

– compression 343 – coregistration 227 – noise 7, 29, 36 – quality 7

Immunosuppression 114 Indirect CT venography 271, 272 Infarction 96

Infection 107 Inﬁ ltrate 112

Inﬂ ammatory bronchiolitis 78 Inﬂ uenza virus 110

Injection 47 Injector 48

Intercostal artery 301 Intercostal nerve block 447

International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) 26, 43

Inter–observer variability 158, 228 Interrupted arch 387

Interstitial ﬁ brosis 91, 349 Interstitial lung disease 348 Interstitial pneumonia 110 Interstitium 97

Interval growth 166 Intimal ﬂ ap 295

Intralobar pulmonary sequestration 381 Intramural hematoma 288, 296, 356 Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) 333 Iodine 41, 47, 55

Ionization chamber 26 Ischemia 331 ISDN 343

Isotropic resolution 3

IVUS (intravascular ultrasoung) 333

J JPEG 343

K

Kaplan–Meier survival curve 140 Kaposi sarcoma 91

Kawasaki’s disease 388 Kerley lines 125 Kernel 3, 177 Klebsiella 108

Kommerell diverticulum 387 k–ras oncogene 160 kVp 26, 29

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CMYK

L

LAD (left anterior descending coronary artery) 329, 331 Langerhans cell histiocytosis 89, 94, 95, 96

Large cell carcinoma 229

LCX (left circumﬂ ex coronary artery) 329, 331 LDL cholesterol 321

Lead–time bias 141, 146

Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) 329, 331 Left circumﬂ ex coronary artery (LCX) 329, 331 Left main coronary artery 331

Legionellaceae 108 Leiomyosarcoma 250 Length bias 146 Leriche syndrome 20 Leukemia 114

Ligamentum arteriosum 387 Linear interpolation 9 Lipoid pneumonia 96, 98 Lipoma 399

Liposarcoma 163 Lobar hypoplasia 73 Lobar pneumonia 108 Lobectomy 249 Löfﬂ er’s syndrome 116 Low–contrast resolution 6 Lower extremity vein 57 Lung

– atelectasis 402

– cancer 133, 205, 240, 453 – – screening 175 – – staging 230 – nodule 155, 354, 366 – – characterization 159

Lung volume reduction surgery 102 Lupus pneumonitis 113

Lymph node 210, 217, 232, 335 Lymphadenopathy 383

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis 89, 94, 95, 96 Lymphangitic carcinomatosis 90, 94 Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis 94 Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia 91, 98 Lymphoma 56, 96, 114, 221, 381

M mA 26, 29

Macrophage 98, 311

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 215, 240 Malpractice 456

– litigation 453 Mammography 365 Marfan’s syndrome 388 mAs 36

– product 466

Maximum intensity projection (MIP) 67, 85, 147, 157, 177, 216, 292, 329, 341, 348

Mayo Lung Project (MLP) 134, 146, 176 Mediastinoscopy 212, 232, 443 Mediastinotomy 212 Mediastinum 215, 381 Medulla 90

MESA (Multi–Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) 323 Mesenteric ischemia 295

Mesothelioma 217, 233, 355, 403 Metastases 94

Metastatic disease 185 Methacholine 78 Methylene blue 200 Micro–CT 461 Miliary tuberculosis 94

Minimum intensity projection (MinIP) 66, 85, 216, 348 MIP (maximum intensity projection) 67, 85, 147, 157, 177,

216, 292, 329, 341, 348 Misregistration 319

MLP (Mayo Lung Project) 134, 146, 176 Monte Carlo calculation 38

Morgagnia hernia 397 Mortality 136 – density ratio 136

Mosaic attenuation 76, 245, 391 Mosaic pattern (HRCT) 98 Mosaic perfusion 46, 76, 87, 99, 391

MPR (multiplanar reformation) 65, 84, 85, 208, 216 292, 341 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) 209, 215, 240

M–staging 213, 232

Mucinous adenocarcinoma 163 Mucoid impaction 73, 75 Mucormycosis 108, 110

Multi–dimensional adaptive ﬁ ltering 37

Multi–Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 323 Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR)

Multiplanar reformation (MPR) 65, 84, 85, 208, 216, 292, 341 Multiplanar volume reconstruction 65

Multiple slice average dose 29 Multisector reconstruction 327 Multi–slice CT 3

Myasthenia gravis 382 Mycetoma 96 Mycobacteria 108 Mycobacterium avium 115 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 72, 109 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 108, 118 Myelolipoma 428

Myocardial infarction 310, 335

N N–13 226

National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) 135, 146, 150, 168 Necrotizing pneumonia 72

Negligence 457 Network 343 Neurenteric cyst 383 Neuroblastoma 384 Neuroﬁ broma 384, 399 Neurogenic tumor 384 Neurolemmoma 399 Nitrogen–13 226

NLST (National Lung Screening Trial) 135, 146, 150, 168 Nocardia 111

Nocardiosis 108 Nodular pattern 93 Nodule growth 167 Noguchi classiﬁ cation 160

Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 205 Non–Hodgkin’s lymphoma 219, 381

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CMYKCMYK

Non–speciﬁ c interstitial pneumonitis 91, 98 Nosocomial pneumonia 113

NSCLC (non small cell lung cancer) 146, 205, 230 N–staging 210, 232

O O–15 226

Oberserver performance 370 Oligemia 99

Opacity 292 Organ dose 36 Osteocalcin 311 Osteosarcoma 355 Overdiagnosis 142, 146 Over–diagnosis bias 147 Overlap 7

Overlapping reconstruction 156 Oxygen–15 226

P

p53 tumor suppressor 160

PACC (Prospective Army Coronary Calcium) Study 323 Pack–year smoking history 152

PACS 343, 414 Pancoast tumor 352

Panlobular emphysema 99, 100 PAP smears 370

Papanicolaou stain 201 Paracicatricial emphysema 100 Paradoxical embolism 282 Partial volume 4, 178, 314, 316 – artifact 68

Part–solid nodule 138 Patient dose 465

PCNB (percutaneous core needle biopsy) 427 PE (pulmonary embolism) 57, 240, 269, 356, 370 Pectus excavatum 355

PEEP 125, 127

Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer 297, 298, 356 Pentobarbital sodium 376

Penumbra 6, 28, 42

Percutaneous core needle biopsy 427 Percutaneous CT–guided biopsy 212 Perfusion 164, 181, 227, 240, 260, 322, 327, 467 – defect 260

– scintigraphy 265

Pericardial effusion 411, 444 Pericardial empyema 444 Permeability edema 128

Persistent left superior vena cava 389 PET (positron emission tomography) 164 PET/CT 225, 166, 212

PH (pulmonary hypertension) 245 Pheochromocytoma 428

Phlebitis 271 Photon 29, 41 – density 36 PIOPED 240, 269 PIOPED II 243 Pitch 7, 12, 30, 36 Pixel noise 36 Plaque

– burden 309, 321 – erosion 311 – hemorrhage 311 – rupture 311 Platelet count 186

PLCO (prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian) Study 137, 146 Pleura 400

Pleuracentesis 436 Pleural biopsy 441 Pleural effusion 437 Pleural sclerosis 441 Pleurodesis 441 Pneumatoceles 125

Pneumocystis carinii 94, 98, 108, 115 – pneumonia 118

Pneumomediastinum 125 Pneumonectomy 249 Pneumonia 107, 240

Pneumothorax 186, 196, 240, 433 Poland’s syndrome 355 Popliteal cyst 279 Popliteal vein 278 Positive bronchus sign 159

Positron emission tomography (PET) 164 Positron emitter 226

Posterior descending coronary artery 331 Preﬁ ltration 41

Primary pulmonary hypertension 245

PROCAM (Prospective Cardiovascular Münster) Study 321 Projection angle 9

Prone scanning 86

Prospective Army Coronary Calcium (PACC) 323

Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) Study 321 Prospective ECG triggering 317

Prostate carcinoma 227

Prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian (PLCO) Study 137, 146 Protozoa 108

Proximate cause 457 Pseudocavitation 159, 162 Pseudo–disease 147, 151 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 108 Psittacosis 109

Pulmonary angiography 240, 243, 260

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation 252, 380, 381 Pulmonary artery 57

– atresia 384, 385 – sarcoma 249 – sling 251, 385

Pulmonary contusion 411, 415 Pulmonary edema 90, 98

Pulmonary embolism (PE) 57, 240, 269, 356, 370 Pulmonary hamartoma 163

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) 99, 245 Pulmonary metastases 378

Pulmonary nodule 155, 175, 185, 335, 378 Pulmonary stenosis 386

Pulmonary varix 378 Pulmonary vein 356, 386 Q

Quantum noise 28

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CMYKCMYK

R Rad 26 Radiation – dose 25, 377 – exposure 25 – planning 228

– pneumonitis 91, 96, 233

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) 336, 445 Radiography 28, 81, 365

Radionuclide 226 Radon inversion 13

Randomized controlled trial (RCT) 134, 141 Raw data 37, 343

RCA (right coronary artery) 329, 331 RCT (randomized controlled trial) 134, 141 Real time automatic matching 169 2D reconstruction 347

RECALL (Risk Factors, Evaluation of Coronary Calcium and Lifestyle) Study 324

Recirculation 50 Reconstruction 7 – algorithm 82 – interval 289 Red cell aplasia 382 Relapsing polychondritis 72 Rendu–Osler–Weber disease 252, 381 Resolution 4

Respiration 86

Respiratory syncytial virus 108 Reticular pattern (HRCT) 91

Retrospective ECG gating 88, 253, 315, 327, 329 RFA (radiofrequency ablation) 336, 445 Rheumatoid nodule 200

Rickettsiae 108

Right coronary artery (RCA) 329, 331 Roentgen 26

Rounded pneumonia 109 R–R interval 317

S

Saber–sheath trachea 76, 78 Salbutamol 78

Saline 52, 54

– chaser bolus 252, 328 Salinoma window 433

Sarcoidosis 91, 94, 96, 97, 101, 233 Scar 148

Schwannoma 384 Scimitar syndrome 380 Screening 133, 453

Screening mammography 365 Seat–belt syndrome 409 Secondary lobule 90 Sedation 189, 375 Segmentation 178, 180 Segmented reconstruction 291 Selection bias 142

Septal pattern (HRCT) 90 Serratia 108

Shaded–surface display (SSD) 68, 348 Side–door syndrome 409

Sievert (Sv) 26

Signal–to–noise ratio 7, 41, 342 Silicosis 83, 91, 94

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 226, 240

Skin entrance dose 26 Skin–impedance 54 Skull base 342 Sleeve resection 353

Slice sensitivity proﬁ le (SSP) 5, 8, 15, 84, 156 Sliding thin–slab (STS) display 348 Slip–ring technique 341

Small airways disease 63, 75 Small cell lung cancer 146, 181, 201 – extended disease 233

– limited disease 233 Smoking 100, 321 – cessation 146

Society of Thoracic Radiology (STR) 147 Solid state 29

Solitary pulmonary nodule 230 Spatial resolution 36

SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) 226, 240

Spindle cell sarcoma 250 Spine fracture 418 Spiral artifact 12 Spiral CT 3, 461 Spiral interpolation 5 Spiral technique 341 Spirometric triggering 70 Sputum cytology 134

Squamous cell carcinoma 201, 223 SSD (surface–shaded– display) 68, 217, 348 SSP (slice sensitivity proﬁ le) 5, 8, 15, 84, 156 Staging 56, 205

Statin 310, 321 Stenosis 221, 331, 352 Stent 4

– graft 301

Straphylococcus aureus 108 Streak artifact 52

Streptococcus pneumoniae 108 Strongyloides 116

Strongyloides stercoralis 108 STS (sliding thin–slab) display 348 Sub–solid nodule 138, 159 Sudden coronary death 310, 334 Superior sulcus tumor 208, 352, 402 Superior vena cava 356

Surface–shaded display (SSD) 68, 217, 348 Surgery 90

T

Takayasu arteritis 247, 388

TEE (transesophageal echocardiography) 293 Teleradiology 343

Temporal bone 342 Temporal resolution 4, 19 Tension pneumothorax 434, 442 Teratoma 221, 383

Terminal bronchioles 99 Test bolus 48, 53, 55, 328

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CMYKCMYK

Tetralogy of Fallot 384, 385 Thinned–cap ﬁ broatheroma 311 Thoracentesis 436

Thoracic aorta 57 Thoracic vein 58 Thoracoscopy 187, 212 Thoracostomy 439 Thoracotomy 186

Thrombendarterectomy 245 Thrombolysis 279

Thrombus 274, 335 Thymic hyperplasia 382 Thymidine 227 Thymolipoma 221 Thymoma 216 Thymus 382 Thyroid gland 220

Time–attenuation curve 288

TNB (transthoracic needle biopsy) 118, 185, 424 TNM staging 146, 353

Topogram 39 Tracheal diverticula 73 Tracheobronchial stenosis 71 Tracheobronchial stent 444 Tracheoesophageal ﬁ stula 351 Tracheomalacia 65, 77, 390 Tracheomegaly 74 Traction bronchiectasis 91

Transbronchial needle aspiration 212 Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) 293 Transplantation 116

Transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB) 118, 185, 424 Trauma 300, 400

Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture 398 Tree–in–bud pattern 110, 115, 391 Truncus arteriosus 384

T–staging 205, 230 Tube current 29 – modulation 319 Tube voltage 29 Tuberculoma 200 Tuberculosis 96, 109, 230 Tuberous sclerosis 349 Tumor embolism 245

Tumor volume doubling time 166 Turner syndrome 388

U

Ultrasound (US) 187, 270, 411 Umbra 28, 42

US (ultrasound) 187, 270, 411

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) 89, 91

V

V/Q (ventilation–perfusion)scan 260, 269 Valsalva maneuver 51, 327, 329

Varicella zoster 117 – virus 108 Varicose vein 276 Vasa vasorum 298 Vascular ring 300, 381, 386 Vasoconstriction 99 Venography 270 Venolobar syndrome 247

Venous thrombo–embolism (VTE) 269 Ventilation scintigraphy 265

Ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) lung scan 240, 269 Video–assisted thoracoscopy 90, 206

Virtual bronchoscopy 69, 212, 351, 389 Voltage 41

Volume 178 – averaging 242 – doubling time 188

– measurement 102, 167,181, 367

Volume rendered technique (VRT) 68, 217, 292, 341, 348 VRT (volume rendered technique) 68, 217, 292, 341, 348 VTE (venous thrombo–embolism) 269

Vulnerable plaque 311

W

Wavelet 343

William’s syndrome 388 Window setting 88 Windscreen syndrome 409 Wireless LAN 343 Workﬂ ow 169, 365 – design 341 Workstation 343

X Xenon 29 X–ray 25 – attenuation 41 – spectrum 41 – tube 7

Z z–ﬁ lter 10

(9)

CMYK

List of Contributors

CMYK

John Aldrich, PhD Department of Radiology Vancouver General Hospital

University of British Columbia and Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre

855 West 12th Avenue Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

Christoph R. Becker, MD Department of Radiology University Hospital Grosshadern University of Munich

Marchioninistr. 15 81377 Munich Germany

Catherine Beigelman–Aubry, MD Service de Radiologie

Hopital de la Pitié–Salpêtrière 47–83, boulevard de l‘Hopital 75651 Paris cedex 13 France

Phillip M. Boiselle, MD Director of Thoracic Imaging Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Assistant Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School Department of Radiology

330 Brookline Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA

Philip Costello, MD Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women’s Hospital 75 Francis Street

Boston, MA 02115 USA

Marco Das, MD Department of Radiology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Pauwelsstrasse 30 52074 Aachen Germany

Ralph Drosten, MD Thoracic and Onco–radiologist Brigham and Women’s Hospital Dana–Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School

Catalin Fetita, PhD Department ARTEMIS

Institut National des Télécommunications 9, rue Charles Fourier

91011 Evry cedex France

Roman Fischbach, MD Department of Clinical Radiology University of Muenster

Albert–Schweitzer–Str. 33 48149 Muenster

Germany

Elliot K. Fishman, MD, FACR

The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 601 North Caroline Street/Room 3254 Baltimore, MD 21287–0801

USA

Dominik Fleischmann, MD Associate Professor of Radiology

Department of Angiography and Interventional Radiology University of Vienna

Waehringer Guertel 18–20 1090 Vienna

Austria and

Assistant Professor of Radiology

Divisions of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Imaging Department of Radiology

Stanford University Medical Center Stanford CA

USA

Thomas G. Flohr, PhD CT Division

Siemens Medical Solutions Siemensstr.1

91301 Forchheim Germany

(10)

CMYK

Luciano Gattinoni, MD, FRCP Professor of Anesthesiology Istituto di Anestesia e Rianimazione Università degli Studi di Milano

Ospedale Maggiore di Milano Italy I.R.C.C.S.

Milano Italy

Benoît Ghaye, MD

Department of Medical Imaging University Hospital of Liège Sart Tilman B 35Liège 4000 Liège

Belgium

Lawrence R. Goodman, MD, FACR

Professor of Diagnostic Radiology and Pulmonary Medicine Director, Thoracic Radiology

Department of Radiology Medical College of Wisconsin 9200 West Wisconsin Ave Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA

Philippe A. Grenier, MD Professor, Service de Radiologie Hopital de la Pitié–Salpêtrière 47–83, boulevard de l‘Hopital 75651 Paris cedex 13 France

Claudia I. Henschke, PhD, MD Professor, Department of Radiology New York Presbyterian Hospital

Weill Medical College of Cornell University 525 East 68 Street

New York, NY 10021 USA

Christian J. Herold, MD Professor of Radiology

Director, Medical Diagnostic Division Department of Radiology

University of Vienna Medical School General Hospital

Austria

Peter Herzog, MD

Institute of Clinical Radiology

Ludwig–Maximilians University of Munich University Hospital Grosshadern

Marchioninistr. 15 81377 Munich Germany

Andetta R. Hunsaker, MD Assistant Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women’s Hospital 75 Francis Street

Francine L. Jacobson, MD, MPH Department of Radiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115 USA

Marc Kachelriess, PhD Institute of Medical Physics (IMP) University Erlangen–Nürnberg Krankenhausstr. 12

91054 Erlangen Germany

Willi A. Kalender, PhD

Professor, Institute of Medical Physics (IMP) University Erlangen–Nürnberg

Krankenhausstr. 12 91054 Erlangen Germany

Hans–Ulrich Kauczor, MD Professor, Department of Radiology Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Im Neuenheimer Feld 280

69120 Heidelberg Germany

Jane P. Ko, MD

Assistant Professor of Radiology New York University Medical Center 560 1st Avenue

William Kostis, PhD Department of Radiology New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University 525 East 68 Street New York, NY 10021 USA

Leo P. Lawler, MB, FRCR Assistant Professor

The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

601 North Caroline Street/Room 3254 Baltimore, MD 21287–0801

USA

Ann N. Leung, MD

Stanford University Medical Center Department of Radiology 300 Pasteur Drive, Rm–S072 Stanford, CA 94305 USA

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CMYK

Reinhard Loose, MD, PhD

Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Hospital Nuremberg–North

Prof.–Ernst–Nathan–Str. 1 90419 Nuremberg Germany

Jens M. Martensen, MD Department of Radiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115 USA

Yves Martin–Bouyer, MD Service de Radiologie Clinique du Val d‘Or 16, rue Pasteur 92210 St Cloud France

John R. Mayo, MD Department of Radiology

University of British Columbia and Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre

855 West 12th Avenue Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

David P. Naidich, MD

Professor of Radiology and Medicine Co–Director, Section Thoracic Imaging New York University Medical Center 560 1st Avenue

A. Nchimi, MD

Department of Medical Imaging Clinique Saint Joseph

4000 Liège Belgium

Matthias U. Niethammer, MSc Siemens Medical Solutions Computed Tomography Siemensstrasse 1 91301 Forchheim Germany

Bernd M. Ohnesorge, PhD CT Division

Manfred Oldendorf, MD

Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Hospital Nuremberg–North

Prof.–Ernst–Nathan–Str. 1 90419 Nuremberg Germany

Bernhard L. Partik, MD Associate Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology

University of Vienna Medical School General Hospital

Austria

E. James Potchen, MD

University Distinguished Professor and Chairman Department of Radiology Michigan State University

160 Radiology Building East Lansing, MI 48824 USA

Maximilian F. Reiser, MD

Professor and Chairman Institute of Clinical Radiology Ludwig–Maximilians University of Munich

University Hospital Grosshadern Marchioninistrasse 15

81377 München Germany

Geoffrey D. Rubin, MD Department of Radiology

Stanford University School of Medicine Room S–072B

Stanford CA 94305–5105 USA

Stefan Schaller, PhD CT Division

Pierre Schnyder, MD

Professor, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital (CHUV) 1011 Lausanne

Switzerland

U. Joseph Schoepf, MD Department of Radiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115 USA

Dorith Shaham, MD Lecturer in Radiology Hadassah University Hospital Kiryat Hadassah

Jerusalem 91120 Israel

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CMYK

Sridhar Shankar, MD

Interventional and Onco–radiologist Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana–Farber Cancer Institute Instructor of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115 USA

Marilyn J. Siegel, MD

Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine 510 South Kingshighway Blvd.

St. Louis, MO 63110 USA

Hans C. Steinert, MD Senior staff Nuclear Medicine Department of Medical Radiology University Hospital

Raemistr. 100 8091 Zurich Switzerland

Eric vanSonnenberg, MD Chief of Radiology

Dana–Farber Cancer Institute Interventional Radiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Visiting Professor of Radiology Harvard Medical School 44 Binney St.

Madeline Vazquez, MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology Weill Medical College of Cornell University 525 East 68 Street

Johny Verschakelen, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Radiology U.Z. Gasthuisberg

Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium

Gustav K. von Schulthess, MD, PhD Professor and Director, Nuclear Medicine University Hospital

Raemistr. 100 8091 Zurich Switzerland

Joachim Ernst Wildberger, MD Department of Diagnostic Radiology University Hospital

RWTH Aachen Pauwelsstrasse 30 52074 Aachen Germany

Max Wintermark, MD

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital (CHUV)

1011 Lausanne Switzerland Susan A. Wood, PhD Vice President, CT Products R2 Technology, Inc.

1195 West Freemont Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94087 USA

David Yankelevitz, MD

Professor, Department of Radiology New York Presbyterian Hospital

Weill Medical College of Cornell University 525 East 68 Street