Lo spirito di cui è impregnata l’iniziativa di proposta di un Tribunale Multilaterale degli Investimenti si pone nell’ottica della costruzione di un sistema più improntato ai criteri dello stato di diritto a livello globale.
Questo aspetto potrebbe portare la Corte sia a ritenerlo compatibile in un eventuale futuro parere che dovesse fornire, ma anche a ritenere compatibile l’attuale sistema arbitrale previsto dal CETA nel parere 1/17. Quest’ultimo infatti si configurerebbe come un sistema transitorio verso un sistema dotato di maggiore trasparenza e prevedibilità delle decisioni. Un sistema tuttavia in cui, per rispondere alla domanda di ricerca, il rischio eventuale e minimo, eppure possibile, di interpretazione di norme di diritto dell’Unione Europea, sarebbe comunque presente, come nel sistema del tribunale CETA. Sarà perciò interessante capire se la Corte dovesse operare una differenza sulla base del grado di sviluppo dello stato di diritto nei sistemi.
In ogni caso, al momento è solo il sistema del tribunale CETA all’attenzione della Corte e il parametro su cui la Corte baserà la propria valutazione di compatibilità con i Trattati è pur sempre l’autonomia. Un criterio che nel parere 1/17 potrebbe risultare meno isolazionista di quanto è apparso recentemente, se si considera il fatto che l’autonomia è un attributo di ogni ordinamento giuridico. Nel caso dell’Unione Europea si tratta di un ordinamento giuridico molto particolare, ma pur sempre un ordinamento che, da Les Verts in poi, si caratterizza come ordinamento costituzionale. E forse proprio questa visione dell’autonomia può aiutare a capire il perché di alcune decisioni isolazioniste della Corte.
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