Conclusioni

Il lavoro di questa ricerca è stato dedicato alla delicata questione della genetica applicata all’uomo. Un problema le cui potenzialità potrebbero rivelarsi molto più

172 grandi di quanto noi oggi possiamo immaginare, ma anche essere molto meno significative del previsto. Oltretutto, il rapporto tra genetica e uomo è solo una porzione del più ampio spettro di questioni inerenti l’uso dell’ingegneria genetica, che avrà notevoli ripercussioni nei campi della farmacologia, della sperimentazione animale e dell’industria agro-alimentare. L’impatto della genetica sul mondo non-umano potrebbe essere molto più importante di qualunque intervento di terapia genica realizzabile su un paziente umano.

Nel corso del lavoro si è tentato di far emergere le questioni dilemmatiche relative all’impiego di tecniche di ingegneria genetica e mostrare che essa non propone

soluzioni universali che possano essere valide in ogni situazione. Le radici di questo problema sono profondamente innestate sui temi fondamentali della discussione filosofica attuale, come la natura dell’uomo e il suo rapporto con l’elemento tecnologico-artificiale, la questione dell’ambiente e del ruolo dell’uomo all’interno di esso, il problema dei diritti, tra cui quello alla vita e, a volte, anche alla morte.

Altrettanto chiaramente, la storia ci insegna che non ci è permesso escludere del tutto l’eventualità di applicazioni devianti e potenzialmente disastrose di queste tecnologie, le cui ripercussioni potrebbero manifestarsi non solo su singoli individui, ma su significative porzioni umanità.

Di fronte a questo inarrestabile progresso tecnico-scientifico, e in particolare di fronte a questa nuova rivoluzione genetica, la filosofia e la bioetica non hanno il potere di imporre, da sole, soluzioni di carattere normativo. Risulta evidente, quindi, la necessità di ridefinire la natura del rapporto tra la scienza sperimentale e la bioetica. La bioetica non ha l’obbligo di censurare a priori la sperimentazione in campo genetico, ma ha il

173 dovere di prevedere e, successivamente, di valutare la qualità degli esiti di questa sperimentazione, indagando le problematiche che potrebbero emergere dall’applicazione delle nuove tecnologie. Essa ha quindi il dovere di alimentare costantemente il dibattito, tenendo vivo il ricordo degli errori del passato, affinché, l’umanità possa liberamente decidere del proprio futuro.

174

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Codice 46 (Code 46, Michael Winterbottom, 2003)

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