(n=50) Età, media (ds) 35.9 (12.3) Sesso femminile, n (%) 38 (76) Scolarità, n (%) ≤ 8 anni 22 (44) media superiore 22 (44) università o > 6 (12) Professione, n (%) studente 6 (12) casalinga/operaio/artigiano 8 (16) impiegato/insegnante 12 (24) imprenditore/professionista 4 (8) disoccupato 16 (32) pensionato 4 (8) Stato Civile, n (%) coniugati/conviventi 12 (24) celibi/nubili 29 (58) vedovanza/divorzio 9 (16)
Tabella 2. Caratteristiche Cliniche del campione. Casi (n=50) EDM lifetime, n (%) 47 (94) Caratteristiche Malincoliche, n (%) 9 (18) Caratteristiche Atipiche, n (%) 2 (4)
Episodio Maniacale Attuale, n (%) 0 (0)
Episodio Ipomaniacale Attuale, n (%) 2 (4)
Episodio Misto Attuale, n (%) 15 (30)
Rapida Ciclicità, n (%) 10 (20)
Disturbo Bipolare I, n (%) 14 (28)
Disturbo Bipolare II, n (%) 33 (66)
Ciclotimia, n (%) 40 (80) Stagionalità, n (%) 4 (8) Abuso di Sostanze, n (%) 19 (38) Disturbo di Panico, n (%) 36 (72) Ipotiroidismo, n (%) 2 (4) Ipertiroidismo, n (%) 0 (0) Tireotossicosi, n (%) 2 (4) Sindrome Metabolica, n (%) 1 (2) Epilessia, n (%) 2 (4) Sindrome Premestruale, n (%) 12 (24) Depressione Post-Partum, n (%) 2 (4) Psicoterapia, n (%) 30 (60) Tentativi di Suicidio, n (%) 27 (54)
Polarità primo episodio, n (%)
Depressivo 37 (74)
Maniacale 3 (6)
Tabella 3. Criteri per il Disturbo Borderline di Personalità (DSM-IV) Casi (n=50) Sforzi per evitare abbandono reale o
immaginario, n (%) 35 (70)
Relazioni interpersonali instabili e intense, n (%) 40 (80) Immagine e percezione di sé marcatamente
instabile, n (%)
39 (78) Impulsività e comportamenti a rischio, n (%) 44 (88) Minacce ricorrenti, gesti,comportamenti
automutilanti, n (%) 32 (64)
Instabilità affettiva dovuta a reattività marcata
dell'umore, n (%) 44 (88)
Sentimenti cronici di vuoto, n (%) 40 (80)
Rabbia immotivata e intensa o difficoltà a controllarla, n (%)
38 (76) Ideazione paranoide, o gravi sintomi
dissociativi transitori, legati allo stress, n (%)
Tabella 4. Confronto delle variabili cliniche in soggetti con punteggi elevati e ridotti di Trauma Infantile (CTQ)
Punteggi elevati Trauma (CTQ) (n= 24 ) Punteggi ridotti Trauma (CTQ) (n= 26 ) t o Chi- quadro p
Età primo episodio, M (sd) 21.4 (7.6) 23.8 (10.1) -.9 ns Numero precedenti episodi
Depressivi, M (sd) 3.8 (2.7) 4 ( 4.1) -.2 ns
Numero precedenti episodi
ipomaniacali, M (sd) 2.1 (3) 1.5 (2.3) .8 ns
Numero precedenti episodi maniacali, M (sd)
.6 ( 1.3) .5 ( 2.1) .9 ns Numero precedenti episodi Misti,
M (sd) 1.4 (0.2) 1.2 ( 1.5) .4 ns Sesso ( F ), n (%) 20 (83.3) 18 (69.2) 1.4 ns Depressione Maggiore, n (%) 23 (95.8) 24 (92.3) .3 ns Malincolia, n (%) 3 (12.5) 6 (23.1) 1 ns Depressione Atipica, n (%) 1 (4.2) 1 (3.8) .003 ns
Episodio Ipomaniacale Attuale, n
(%) 1 (4.2) 1 (3.8) .003 ns
Episodio Misto Attuale, n (%) 5 (20.8) 10 (38.5) 1.8 ns
Rapido Ciclicità, n (%) 6 (25) 4 (15.4) 0.7 ns
Disturbo Bipolare I, n (%) 8 (33.3) 6 (23.1) 0.7 ns Disturbo Bipolare II, n (%) 16 (66.7) 17 (65.4) .01 ns
Ciclotimia, n (%) 22 (91.7) 18 (69.2) 4 .048
Stagionalità, n (%) 3 (12.5) 1 (3.8) 1.3 ns
Abuso di sostanze, n (%) 9 (37.5) 10 (38.5) .005 ns Disturbo di Panico, n (%) 14 (58.3) 22 (84.6) 4.3 .039 Sindrome premestruale, n (%) 3 (12.5) 9 (34.6) 3.3 ns
Tentativi di Suicidio, n (%) 13 (54.2) 14 (53.8) .001 ns
HSRS>14,n (%) 22 (91.7) 20 (76.9) 2 ns
Tabella 5. Confronto tra i criteri per il Disturbo Borderline di Personalità in soggetti con punteggi elevati e ridotti di Trauma Infantile (CTQ)
Casi con Trauma, (n=24 ) Casi senza Trauma (n=26) t o chi quadro p
Sforzi per evitare abbandono reale o
immaginario, n (%) 19 (54.3) 16 (45.7) 1,8 ns
Relazioni interpersonali instabili e
intense, n (%) 18 (75) 22 (84.6) 0,7 ns Immagine e percezione di sé marcatamente instabile, n (%) 21 (87.5) 18 (69.2) 2,4 ns Impulsività e comportamenti a rischio, n (%) 21 (87.5) 23 (88.5) .011 ns Minacce ricorrenti, gesti,comportamenti automutilanti, n (%) 14 (58.3) 18 (69.2) 0,6 ns
Instabilità affettiva dovuta a
reattività marcata dell'umore, n (%) 22 (91.7) 22 (84.6) 0,6 ns Sentimenti cronici di vuoto, n (%) 21 (87.5) 19 (73.1) 1,6 ns Rabbia immotivata e intensa o
difficoltà a controllarla, n (%)
17 (70.8) 21 (80.8) 0,7 ns Ideazione paranoide, o gravi
sintomi dissociativi transitori, legati allo stress, n (%)
Tabella 6. Confronto delle scale di valutazione sintomatologica in soggetti con punteggi elevati e ridotti di Trauma Infantile (CTQ)
Pazienti con trauma (n=24) Pazienti senza trauma (n=26) t o chi- quadro p HSRS, M(sd) 20.8 (4.9) 18.5 (8.8) 1.1 ns ALS, M(sd) 39.6 (9.6) 35.7 (11.3) 1.2 ns BRIAN-SLEEP, M(sd) 10.1 (3.9) 11.6 +/- 4 -1.2 ns BRIAN-ACTIV., M(sd) 11.7 (4) 12.2 (5) -0.4 ns BRIAN-SOCIAL, M(sd) 8.2 (2.5) 8.3 (3.5) -0.1 ns BRIAN-EAT, M(sd) 8.2 (2.6) 8.3 (3.2) -0.1 ns BRIAN-RITM, M(sd) 6.5 (1.5) 6.4 (1.8) 0.3 ns BRIAN, M(sd) 44.7 (11) 46.8 (12.3) -0.6 ns ASAD, M(sd) 60.3 (15.8) 60.3 (20.7) 1 ns CGI, M(sd) 4.17 (1) 4 (1.2) 0.3 ns GAF, M(sd) 4.2 (1.8) 4.3 (1.5) -0.4 ns
ISSI total score 78.5 (14.1) 75.7 (21) 0.5 ns
DIB-ADATTAM-SOCIALE, M(sd) 16.7 (4.8) 15.8 (4) 0.6 ns DIB-IMPULSIVITA',M(sd) 4 (2.4) 4 (2) .06 ns DIB-AFFETTIVITA', M(sd) 45.1 (9.4) 45.3 (11.5) -.05 ns DIB-PSICOSI, M(sd) 4.8 (7.5) 7.3 (8.9) -1 ns DIB-RELAZ-INTERPERS.,M(sd) 44 (10.1) 41 (9.1) 1.1 ns TOTALE DIB,M(sd) 114.7 (23.2) 113.4 (20.5) 0.2 ns SOMATIZZAZIONI 18.5 (8.9) 15 (12.3) 1.2 ns OBS-COMPULS 17.7 (7.6) 16.8 (12.1) 0.2 ns SCL90 SENSITIVITA’ INTERPERS. 13 (7.6) 13 (10.1) .04 ns DEPRESSIONE 26.5 (11.8) 24.6 (16) 0.4 ns
ANSIA 17.7 (8.7) 15.4 (9.9) 0.8 ns
RABBIA-OSTILITA' 6.8 (4.8) 6.5 (5.3) 0.1 ns
ANSIA FOBICA 7.7 (6.3) 7 (7) 0.3 ns
IDEAZIONE PARANOIDE 8.1 (5) 9.4 (5.9) -0.8 ns
Tabella 7. Confronto delle variabili cliniche in pazienti con punteggi elevati e ridotti di Labilità Affettiva (ALS)
Punteggi elevati di Labilità Affettiva (ALS) (n= 23) Punteggi ridotti di Labilità Affettiva (ALS) (n=27) t o chi- quadro p
Età primo episodio. M (sd) 23.6 (12) 21.9 (5.6) .6 ns Numero precedenti episodi
Depressivi. M (sd) 4.3 (3.1) 3.6 (3.8) .7 ns
Numero precedenti episodi
ipomaniacali. M (sd) 2 (2.6) 1.7 ( 2.8) .4 ns
Numero precedenti episodi
maniacali. M (sd) .4 (1.1) .7 ( 2.1) .8 ns
Numero precedenti episodi Misti.
M (sd) 1.3 ( 2 ) 1.26 (1.4) .9 ns
Sesso ( F ). n (%) 18 (78.3) 20 (74.1) 0.1 ns
Depressione Maggiore. n (%) 23 (100) 24 (88.9) 2.7 ns
Malincolia. n (%) 3 (13) 6 (22.2) 0.7 ns
Depressione Atipica. n (%) 1 (4.3) 1 (3.7) 0.01 ns
Episodio Ipomaniacale Attuale. n
(%) 0 (0) 2 (7.4) 1.8 ns
Episodio Misto Attuale. n (%) 7 (30.4) 8 (29.6) .004 ns
Rapido Ciclicità. n (%) 5 (21.7) 5 (18.5) .1 ns
Disturbo Bipolare I. n (%) 8 (34.8) 6 (22.2) 1 ns
Disturbo Bipolare II. n (%) 14 (60.9) 19 (70.4) 0.5 ns
Ciclotimia. n (%) 18 (78.3) 22 (81.5) 0.1 ns
Stagionalità. n (%) 0 (0) 4 (14.8) 3.7 .054
Abuso di sostanze. n (%) 10 (43.5) 9 (33.3) 0.5 ns
Disturbo di Panico. n (%) 15 (65.2) 21 (77.8) 1 ns
Tentativi di Suicidio. n (%) 16 (69.3) 11 (40.7) 4.1 .04
HSRS. n (%) 4 (17.4) 4 (14.8) 0 ns
Tabella 8. Confronto dei criteri per il Disturbo Borderline di Personalità in pazienti con punteggi elevati e ridotti di Labilità Affettiva (ALS)
Casi con Labilità Affettiva. (n=23 ) Casi senza Labilità Affettiva (n=27) t o chi- quadro p
Sforzi per evitare abbandono reale o immaginario. n (%)
18 (78.3) 17 (63) 1.4 ns
Relazioni interpersonali instabili e intense. n (%) 18 (78.3) 22 (81.5) 0.8 ns Immagine e percezione di sé marcatamente instabile. n (%) 21 (78.3) 18 (77.8) 0 ns Impulsività e comportamenti a rischio. n (%) 20 (87) 24 (88.9) .05 ns Minacce ricorrenti. gesti.comportamenti automutilanti. n (%) 17 (73.9) 15 (55.6) 1.8 ns
Instabilità affettiva dovuta a
reattività marcata dell'umore. n (%)
20 (87) 24 (88.9) .04 ns
Sentimenti cronici di vuoto. n (%) 22 (95.7) 18 (66.7) 6.5 .01 Rabbia immotivata e intensa o
difficoltà a controllarla. n (%) 17 (73.9) 21 (77.8) 0.5 ns Ideazione paranoide. o gravi
sintomi dissociativi transitori. legati allo stress. n (%)
Tabella 9. Confronto delle scale sintomatologiche in pazienti con punteggi elevati e ridotti di Labilità Affettiva (ALS)
Casi con Labilità Affettiva (n= 23) Casi senza Labilità Affettiva (n=27) t o chi quadro p HSRS. M(sd) 19.5 (5.5) 19.7 (8.4) -0.9 ns ALS. M(sd) 46.1 (7.6) 30.2 (6.3) 8.1 ns BRIAN-SLEEP. M(sd) 11.9 (4.3) 10 (3.6) 1.8 ns BRIAN-ACTIV.. M(sd) 14 (4) 10.1 (4.1) 3.3 ns BRIAN-SOCIAL. M(sd) 9.1 (3.1) 7.5 (3) 1.9 ns BRIAN-EAT. M(sd) 9 (3.7) 7.7 (2.9) 1.5 ns BRIAN-RITM. M(sd) 6.5 (1.9) 6.4 (1.7) 0.2 ns TOTALE BRIAN. M(sd) 50.6 (11.9) 41.8 (10) 2.8 ns ASAD. M(sd) 65.4 (16.6) 56 (18.9) 1.8 ns CGI. M(sd) 4.35 (0.8) 3.9 (1.3) 1.3 ns GAF. M(sd) 5 (1.6) 3.7 (1.6) 2.7 ns
ISSI total score 71.8 (14.8) 81.4 (19.5) -1.9 ns
CHILD-TRAUMA QUEST. M(sd) 63.8 (7.9) 58 (9) 2.4 .02 DIB-ADATTAM-SOCIALE. M(sd) 15.9 (4.8) 16.6 ( 4.1) -0.5 ns DIB-IMPULSIVITA'. M(sd) 4.6 (2.1) 3.5 (2.2) 1.7 ns DIB- AFFETTIVITA'. M(sd) 48.5 (8) 42.4 (11.4) 2.1 .03 DIB.PSICOSI. M(sd) 7.8 (9.6) 9.6 (6.7) 1.3 ns DIB.RELAZ-INTERPERS M(sd) 46 (9.6) 39.3 (8.6) 2.6 .01 TOTALE DIB.M(sd) 122.7 (19.5) 106.6 (20.8) 2.8 ns SCL90. SOMATIZZAZIONI 21.8 (9.2) 12.3(10.3) 3.3 .002 OBS-COMPULS 22.6 (9.7) 12.6 (8.1) 3.8 .000 SENSITIV.INTERPERS. 15.2 (9.1) 11.1 (7.9) 1.6 ns DEPRESSIONE 31.9 (12.3) 20.1 (13.3) 3.1 .003
ANSIA 19.8 (8.7) 13.9 (9) 2.4 .024
RABBIA-OSTILITA' 9.2 (5.3) 4.6 (3.7) 3.5 .001
ANSIA FOBICA 9.4 (6.8) 5.7 (6.2) 1.9 ns
IDEAZIONE PARANOIDE 10.6 (5.8) 7.3 (4.7) 2.2 .04
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