I pollini possono aiutare a studiare le malattie delle piante: il caso del deperimento del frassino nel Primiero

Testo completo

(1)7. [+.$%,&(*.)"\"[]#$'!('"\"^'%!$%)"\"^*.$0],"_*.)&'. ?@ABACC3 ?@D2B33E82:3 A8@28 8 129:92;<=> )!!,"FG. 01232415261389

(2) 1 2 23 9 11 922

(3)

(4) 1

(5) 9

(6) 1 1. 32 252

(7) 3 3252192

(8) 12 5 911 9

(9) 11

(10)

(11) 151 33 523 3 2 3 44 92 1 513. HIJJKLIMN OPQRQSTUSVQWXYZWY ``à(.'!($!,)+.$%,&(*.)a$(. !"#$%$%&'(()"&*!+, &'"-(.)/'"/'$"0)1,.$ 2 3912 33 5 3491523

(12) 919 5112 991 2192 14 53 1213512 1 36

(13) 23.

(14) 0. Ý. Ô×ÍÎÕÏÑÓ×ÒËËÌÍÐÊÑÐËËÐÎÊÍÎÒËËÓ×ÍÙÕËÓ×ÒÏÐ. íîïðñòðóñèòîôôõè íïñöð÷óðõèõøùñ÷ñåõè òðèùïî÷ùñ Þßààáâãäåáæçãèéêëì ÒÊÊÕËúûÉÉÉ. °±²±³°´±°²µ¶·¸°·± ¹º±²¶»¼µ¶½°¾°¿ ¾µ±½±¸¸°¸µ¶·¸°·° ·¶²À±·½±´±·¼¸¼²Á ²ÂÃ±Ä´±½°¾µ±¸¶Å°±·¶Æ ´Ç¶»¶µÀ¼°À¼ÄÄ° µ¸°½°½¼¸¸°´°·¶²²¶Ä´º±²¶È ²¼·º±¹¼²¶³³¶¾µ±¹°·´°¼²¶. üýþþÿ0ý12 3456589 5

(15) . ÉÊËÌÍÎÍÎÏÐÑÑÒËÏÓÊÔÕ ÏÐËÖÑ×ÒØÐËØÐÍËÙÒÚÕ×Í ¶²¾¼µ¼½°Ä± ½¶²²¼¾¶Ä´¼ ³µ°´±²¸ºµ¼½°¾µ¶´°Ä°±·¶È ¼µµ°¹¼·±°½µ±·°Û !¼²¹°¼À±°²´°Ã± ½¼°Ä¶²Ü¶¼¸¼¹±²¼. Ñ×ÐÊÑÍÊÕÒÔ×ÍÎÕÏÑÓ×ÒÍÑ. !. aeqqP"Re ¥. ¤6\;?A=;=¤6\8?A==. "#$%&'()*%&'(#+,-&+%&./&0#1&23%4%/355. 677896:;9<8=>?6<@A<8 9BCDEF=GDEHD=IJJKLJMNJN 'O""P&'"OQ'RQP S)(#,,-(#&(#TU-+TV*)1# >WXYZXF[F=\DHEF]]W ^--(0)+V,-(#&#0),-()V1# _FEEXHF=`XYD]]W a#$(#,#()V&0)&(#0Vb)-+# :XEWYX=:X[cF]]W. "OSPdReQO f)VbbV&SV+,#g&/5&h&i4/22&'"OQ'e '#1%&j.k/&.3.k/.&h&lVm%&j.k/&.3.k/5 ,#((V,(#+,)+VnU(-o)+p)V%,+%),. &. êqR'P'e&SR&SR"OdReQO a#($)-&r#,,-,,)s&Ot)1)-&r(-,,-s& a)1o)V&^#Tpu)+)s&lV*()b)-&P0()V+-&SV$-T,)+s& P1*#(,-&v)Vp-t-+)s&"-tV+-&qVTws& a#($)-&q#+VUVp#s&P+$#1V&q#+$xbbV,-s& f)#,(-&q-1y#,,Vs&qVx()b)-&"-TT)+)s. \?A:8=\A698=. zPQQe&ê{{Pre"P'e| qV(p-&r#+#0#,,)s&f)#,(-&r#(,V+bV q-(#+V&fV-1V&^V(1)s&a,#yV+)V&^VTV$(V+0V Q)p-1V&SV11V*#,,Vs&a#($)-&l#((V() R()T&l-+,V+V()s&a#($)-&l(V+pu)+) P+$#1V&v-,,V(0#11-s&^#TV(#&{-,,) "-TV()V&{xppu)+)s&lx1o)-&qV,,)o) v)xT#UU#&q)pu#1-+s&SVo)0#&q-0#+V }V1,#(&Q)p-1#,,)s&v)V+pV(1-&e(T)+$u#( '-ttVT-&fV+,#bb)s&P+0(#V&f)VbbV Q#(#-&f#0#(b-11)s&SV+)#1#&f#(#+b-+) P+0(#V&a#$(ws&a)1o)V&a)1o#T,() {xpV&'-tVT)s&a)1o)V&~#(+Vpp)+) v"PlR^P v)V0V&f#0()+) a'PqfP OllO&#&O""O&1),-$(VV . 12334567849 6

(16) . r)-1-$)p-g&)1&'(#+,)+-&pu#&ox-1#&¡yV(#&0)&U)¢£&. {#&U(-0xb)-+)&V$(-V1)t#+,V()&,(#+,)+# +#1&t-+0-&p-+&OV,V1¦& §+V&+x-oV&-UU-(,x+),¨& U#(&1#&)tU(#T#&0#1&,#((),-()-& // S)#,V&t#0),#((V+#Vg& 1V&U)(Vt)0#&w&V+pu#&1-pV1#& /2. ®N ¯¯. ®J. 6<<@6©A<ª=. 4. fa"g&'(#+,)+-&o)(,x-T-& /. R1&+x-o-&'(VTy#()t#+,-& /k '#p+-1-$)p-&lOq R1&*-Tp-&«p#0x-¬& pu#&y#(tV&)&tVTT)& /4 ^-T,(x)(#&t#+,)&+x-o#&U#(&0-tV+)| &)1&oV1-(#&0#$1)&-(,)&0)0V,,)p)& 2j {V&pV+VUVg&U-TT)*)1),¨&0)&0)o#(T)pVh b)-+#&U#(&1Vb)#+0V&V$()p-1V.

(17) 01 )*+)&'$. . !"#$%&'(. 8 9 : ; 8 ; < ; =; > ? : ;8@99>:>;8=;: ,"-.//,0,"-..0."1,23145"1"326,145"/5"71/133,5"65//5"-,1035. A"B!+!(!"#)%CDEDI(FG"1(CD($!"#)F%CDED)FG" 7!*)HD"!!AD)GF"#!*AD"J!)DCCDG"F 7!)!"#)%C(!"JD!G"5$(!"KDCC!)A(. l. F"6 L!)CM$(CD"NDA$)%CO"$A"5&DDP!"7D$&D!)$G"#$(C)D"" "4&$)&!"$A",((D!HD($G"BD(A!HD($"5AM*(A"7!&'"QB57R I"-!) &D"0!C*)!$"-!($$PPD"S"-!$"A"!("7!)C(D. TUVWXYZ[T\]Y^_àbcWV]Y"d"*("L!CDP$(D"E*(P(D" !"BD(A!HD($"5AM*(A"7!&'j","&!MLD(!M$(CD"!$)DLD(S )$%LD(%!+$"A$"A$L$)M$(CD"A$"E)!%%(D"M!PS &D"d"%DCD"%$&D(AD"*(!"L)D&$A*)!"%C!(A!)A"*CHH!(AD"*(" PD)$"QeàbcW]Y^VbZVfYcX`R"("C*CC!"5*)DL!"AD$G"!" &!MLD(!CD)$"D*M$C)&D"&'$"!%L)!"Fi"C)"A"!)!"!"M(*S L!)C)$"A!P"!(("ghiG"%"%C!")!LA!M$(C$"AEED(S CDj"/$"L!)C&$$"L)$%$(C"("!)!"$(PD(D"&!CC*)!C$"%*"*(!" A$(AD"A!"$%C"!A"D$%Cj"0$"Iiih"!"%*!"L)$%$(H!"d"%C!C!" %*L$)k&$"!A$%!"&'$"$($"LD"!(!HH!C!"!"M&)D%&DLD" !&&$)C!C!"!(&'$"(",C!!G"("!)$"D&!CO"*(PD""&D(k($"C)!" DCC&D"L$)"")&D(D%&M$(CD"$"!"&D(C!"A$"LD("$"A$$"%LDS ,C!!"$"D$(!j","A$L$)M$(CD"A$"E)!%%(D"&!*%!CD"A!"lm^ )$"L)$%$(Cj""DCC$(PD(D"&D%s"!D)"A"&D(&$(C)!HD($"!$)$!" _àbcWV]Y"d"%C!CD"%$P(!!CD"L$)"!"L)M!"DC!"("3)$(C(D"($" A$"L!)C&D!CD"!$)DA%L$)%DG"D $)D""(*M$)D"A"L!)C&$$" IiFIG"($!"J!$"A"-)M$)D"$"A$"J!(Dn"A!"IiFo")%*C!" L$)"M$C)D"&*+D"Ag!)!"Q-xMyR"L$)"&!%&*(!"%L$&$"&!CC*)!C!j" L)$%$(C$"("C*CC!"!"L)D(&!"&D("A!(("$A$(CG"("L!)C&D!S DMM!(AD"$"&D(&$(C)!HD("PD)(!$)$"A"*("CLD"A"LD($" )$"%*!")((D!HD($"A"E)!%%(D"QKD(PD"$C"!j"IiFpG"BD)$%C" )$!CD"($"&D)%D"A$g!((DG"%"DCC$($""&D%s"A$CCD",(A&$"-DS Dj"FiqrpFSrprRj" (&D"Q,-Rj","!D)"!((*!"A",-"L$)""E)!%%(D"M!PPD)$"%D(D" 5g"L!*%+$")C$($)$"&'$"%C*!HD("A"A!((D"&D%s"$%C$%D" %C!C"&!&D!C"L$)""L$)DAD"IiiwSIiFp"$"($"d"%C!CD"!(!HS LD%%!(D")L$)&*DC$)%"!(&'$"%*!"&!L!&CO"A$!"L!(C!"A" H!CD"g!(A!M$(CD"C$MLD)!$"!LL&!(AD"*("C$%C"A"%C!C%CS L)DA*))$"kD)"$"LD($j""d"t*(A")C$(*CD"A"(C$)$%%$"$S &!"(D("L!)!M$C)&!"QC$%C"2"A"7!((Sv'C($zRG"L$)"$)k&!)$" )k&!)$"%$""t*!(CC!CD"LD(&D"!((*!$"LD%%!"$%%$)$"*CS %$""%!"%C!CD"($"C$MLD"*("&!M+!M$(CD"($!"L)DA*HD($" HH!CD"&DM$"(A&!CD)$"L$)"!*C!)$"gML!CCD"A$"L!CDP$(D" LD(&!j"#DM$")LD)C!CD"($"P)!k&DG"d"%C!CD")$P%C)!CD"*(" %*!"LDLD!HD($"A"E)!%%(D"L)$%$(C$"($g!)$!"A$"-!)&D" &!M+!M$(CD"($g,-"C)!""IiFF"$"IiFIG"("&D(&DMC!(H!" A"-!($$PPD"S"-!$"A"7!("7!)C(Dj"u*G"L)$%%D"J!"v$S &D("!"&DML!)%!"A$"L!CDP$(D"($g!)$!"A$"-)M$)Dj","!D)" %L$)PG"d"!CCD"A!"Iiiw"*("&$(C)D"A"MD(CD)!PPD"!$)D+DS M$A"A",-"L$)""L$)DAD"IiFISIiFp"%D(D")%*C!C"%P(k&!S DP&D"%$P*CD"A!"L$)%D(!$"A$"-!)&D"("&D!+D)!HD($"&D(" C!M$(C$"(E$)D)")%L$CCD"!"!D)"M$A")$!C"($"L$)DAD" IiiwSIiFFj"u*$%C"L)M")%*C!C"%$M+)!(D"&D(E$)M!)$"gS LDC$%"&'$""A$L$)M$(CD"A$"E)!%%(D"AD*CD"!"L!CDP$(D" E*(P(D"%"){$CC!"!(&'$"%*"*("M(D)"t*!(CC!CD"A"LD($" L)DADCCDj"2C$)D)"%C*A"%!)!((D"M)!C"!"&!L)$"%$"&|"AL$(S A!"A!"*("$EE$CCD"%*g!LL!)!CD")L)DA*CCD"D"A!"A$&(D"$" MD)C!CO"A$g(C$)!"L!(C!j"1CC)!$)%D""MD(CD)!PPD"!$)DS +DDP&D"d"%C!CD"(DC)$"LD%%+$"$)k&!)$"!"L)$%$(H!"A$$" %LD)$"A"lm^_àbcWV]Y"!L)$(AD"(*D$"LD%%+CO"!(&'$"L$)"" )$D"A)$CCD"A$$"%C$%%$"$"A$!"AEE*%D($"A$"L!CDP$(Dj". 2344567895 7

(18) .

(19)