Il Sûs marocchino: una regione berbera tra presenza francese, islam e nazionalismo - 1912-1956

!

" #

$

((((((((((""(((((((((((((((((( ) ((((((((" * *" ) + ) ,! ((((((((((((((((("" --" ) ! & (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((""" . /" 0 # ) ((((((((( *1 2" 3 # ! 4 & 5 6 0 7 0 08 9((((((((((((((((((((((("" *: :" & ! 4 ((((((((((((((((( *. ." 4 4 ) ! 4 # , # ; < = ) >(((((((((((((((" -1 5 & 9 ) *?*-=*?/2((((((("" -@ *" A & ((((((((((((((((((((( -@ -" 0 (((((((((((((((( /* /" 0 ((((((((((((((((((((( /: 2" A (((((((((((((("" /? :" B CC 0 3 <&> % > (((((((((((((((((((((" 2/ ." # > =D; E<E> # 00> 00 ! ((((((((( 2. F" ((((((((((((((((((((("" :-@" A4 & ((((((((((((((((((((((((((" :@ = ) ! (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( .-*" 0 # 4 0 # ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((""" ./ -" 0G! (((((((((((((( .F /" A4 & ((((((((((((("" F* 2" ! > % > (((((((((( FF

:" 3 && & & ((((((((( @* H = ) ! 4 ( @2 *" A 0 0 ((((((((((((((((((" @: -" & ! && (" @. /" A4 ! (((((("" ?-2" D ! ?@ H = A & (((((("" *1-*" & ! ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( *1/ -" ! D < > ((((((((((((((""" *1? /" A4 I< ((((((((((((((((((((" **-2" 0G; 0G (((((((((((((( **2 :" A4 0 ((((((((((((((" **F ." & ! ((((((((((((" *-/ H ) (((((((((((((((((( *-F *" ) 5 9 (((((((((((((((((( *-F -" ! 4 D $< <(((((((((( */1 /" %< ) < (((((((((((((((( *// 2" 4 (((((((((( */: :" ((((((((((((((((((( *21 ." A4 ) ! (((((((( *22 F" A 0G! 4 ((("" *2. @" # & 4 (((( *:* ?" ! 0 *:F *1" ! 0 ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( *.* H = A 4 4 7 < ((((((("" *.. *" D 50 0 08 9(((((((((((((((((( *.F -" 0 ((((((((((((((((((("" *F* /" ((((((((((((((((((((((("" *F:

2" A4 0 & ((((((((((((((" *F@ :" (((((((((((((((((((((((" *@* ." A ) (((((((((((((""" *@: H ! ) ((((((( *@? *" 0 0 (((((((((("" *?1 -" # , H(((((((((((((((((((( *?: /" A4 7 < (((((((((((((((" *?F 2" A4 & ! ((("" -1* :" A = (((((((((((((( -1. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((""" -*/ $ 0 & ((((((((((((((((((((((((((( -*F

J 0 0 0 & 0 8 & 6 & 6 K L 6 K L 4 " 7 4 & 0 0 8 ! < MN O MP MQ , MR > MS TMU ; MV ; MW 7 MX MY E MZ M[ \ M] ) M^ M_ ` Ma

) 4 & 8 4 = " & & 0 = 8 & 7 = 4D D 4D =D " b ) 8 6 0 0 " ) 8 0G , 0 0 # 8 ,> " J 0 8 0 0 0 4 " 4 ) & " D c 4 " ) > > d TT<T 7 eD0 $ f< > 6 4 0 %) c 4 D =+ ) > & c & " J ) c e c && " G & 4 0 # 4 =eD > & D, g>0 # 00 00 " 7 & ) " c0 0 c 4 0 ,> &

0 " & 7 & &

"

7 7

& 7 c

& " 3 # = " ' & 0 0 # 5A $ 08 # ; # 9 & 4 & h 7 " + 7 $ 7 ' 3 && 3 & " i c # 4 D, % I&>7 ) < * " 7 7 " & & 0 c 7 00 " 7 && 8 6 ) " J # ! 4 5 9 & & -4 /" i 4 " 3 8 0 & 4 " 7 & & 4 " G G & & G " # && 7 4 " D = && & 4 & 4 && " J * ! " # $ %&'(%)%* KA ) < *@.1=*?*-L 0 *?@/ K*?F.L - _{+ 7 $ 7} + , + ' 3 " / - . ! / 0 -11- D D

" D 7 & & & " # " i & && h && 0h 0 0 6 4 0 " b 0 & " ' 8 0 5 D 7 9 J 5 g 7 4D 6 % 9 H " J 6 & " D 7 8 & ) # , # ; < D = ) > K*?11=*?..L 4 6 & 6 & G " 3 00 & & 7 G 6 00 8 & " A 7 8 " ) 7 # ; < D = ) > 4 " ' c 7 & h 4 " & = 7 & ) " '4 0G 7 &

H 7 & 0 " 7 7 0 & " 7 c 8 " 8 & # & c " & 8 7 4 0 0 7 4 & 00 ) " 3 4 & && " 4 7 < h ) " & 0 0 0 # " 4 & 4 " A4 h ) 4 "

*

!

"

D 4 # " 7 & * - _{4 &} 0 " 3 G && " A & 7 / 8 4 4 0 0 " 7 & & " h & h ! A 3 # D 4 D A 3 0" J & ) " i 4 # 7 4 & & 4D =D & " D 7 0 0 , & & c 4 " & 4 0 # " A c 0 0 # 2 & 0G 4 ) & & " * _{& " 3 '" + *?.?} + 0 *?@* - _{& " 3 " #} 0 1 ! 0 . # " f *?.@ / _{& " $ ; '" 5% & # ! I ;} & AC C4 $ 0 C9 3 '" j # " 2 1 3 A *?F/ 2 4 2 / *?/1

-A4 7 & c && 4 0G 7 & & & # " 4 ) # , # ; < = ) 7 c & " 7 0 7 ! & " b 7 ! # # ; < = ) " # 8 & 4 & " D 7 0 " ' 0 0 & & " ' 0 8 00 ! 4 & # && k 7 # ; < = ) & 4 0 " # $ % " 5 ) 9 8 & 0 = " H & 7 ! ) 7 7 ) % " A4 8 " A4 G 8 = K L :" i 8 8 ) 7 " & 0 & ) # h : _{& " A 5 ) 9} ! K 4 # L 6 -11- " *: " :*.@=:*F/"

/ # % ." & & 0 ) =D < K ) L # # D ) =D7E< K ) L # " ) =D < c ! K 4 L ) c # 7 4D " G ) & ! 7 G 4

& k & G 8 7 7 &

= # && 4D D 4D =D 4 " # & ! + ) " D 7 " J ) & G 4D =D 0G" 6 + ) 8 00 0G 0 0 4D =D " i & 0 c 6 & K & L 0G " i 0 0 ) ) h 7 % , 4 0G ) " ) ) % , & G " 0 # c G 4 7 & " A6 + 7 c 4 4 ) " 7 ) ) G 0 00 G % , 0G G "

. _{& " D = < > #" 5 ) e =T <& CC I = 4 ; > 7 > I > 9 K ) &}

2 D G & & " -11*F & D < > D, =g< > 4 ) ) % , 7 ! l <T # E ) # 4 7 " # E ) " 0 0 7 8 0

4 & & &

0 4 0 0G E ) 0 4D D @ " l <T & 00 7 " m& 8 4 0 & ) 4D 4 0 7 & 4 KD < )L 7 0 4 KD D %<&); D < L" ) ) < 00 00 + ) m# E ) ? & 00 ) ) l <T" i % , & 0 0 D =g< > & 7 e 7 # 4 7 7 4 , 4 0 4 7 # " 00 0G 0 0 4 0 & 7 0G 4 7 " D 7 G 0 0 ) ! , 0 0 ,> ! , " 0 & 0 0 D =g< > 7 E <T ,> " J F _{D =g > D nD4 < T & CC 0 = \ 7 ) I =E 4= I T ` I CC n KA} ) L D =E 4 I ) ; < =I 4 7 I = ; \)\< = I<E I = &<7n K ) L 00 A 0 D = T<, =T > 0 -11* " :/=F*" @ # " ::=:. ? # " " :F

:

$ 0 *1 # , &>7 && 7 &

0 5 ,9 4 " 7 0 6 0 " 4 , 4 " 4 & " A4 7 8 4 7

& ) & &

c

**_"

0 0 4 c 4 7 &

o 0>0 $ D0> e 0 e 70 $ J<& 4*-" #

& 4 )

" > > d TT<T & & eD0 < $ f< >

& " b ) 0 %) & 4 7 ) h G " J 7 4 H " A 0 & T < & 4 < D = + ) >*/ < 0G 4D = D & & " T < 7 && # ! e & *1 _{&>7 #" 4} 5 ! K 6 L p -111" ** _{& " A6 = q '" 5D = ) =DrE<9} 6 7 . # " " H " :.@=:F1 A C *?*/=*?/. *- _{7 # % g} , ! 8 . 0 *?2?=*?:1 & k + =D 6 , 3 ! 8 %&9( *??2 K*?:*L $ + " , 0 *?.F A D0 4 , ! " / 0 *??: K*?F:L D0 =J + , ! # : " 0 *?@F */ _{4 < D =+ ) > T <} H +" ; 1. D *??@"

. ) %< ) < " e 7 G > > D, ) #) 0G < 0 <I C & %< I< 4D =D " D 4 H eD > D0) o ) & c & & c K < L > *2" i e I & h ) 4 & # " e I & D, ) #) < 4 " D0) o ) > && 7 G 4D *: " & 00 e I #) <C o *@@- *@?. ) & = > " # & #) <C o c 6 7 & & 0 0G 4 C; # 4 =eD > & *." # & # & 00 ) & " % G & & & e@11" 4 0 c & *2 _{> > D, ) #) < 4 > D = ) > #" #" # !} K > L 0 *?.. " K 0 D & D" " % C #" H d g"L 4 # ! < 6 6 4' 6 0 *?@2 *: _{> + A" 5J 4 8 8 9} , . " H *?-: " -.:=-F. " H *?-. " /:*=/.2 *._{H "}

F 4 0 c " && 0 0 # = *F! 4D %< <; + 0 $< > % B<\< D77< 7 # K'EE I> L 4D =D & D < > " % %< ) < =d< >*@"

G & & && A

5% 0 =b 9*? 7 7 ! 0G 0 0G 0 0 k 4 k 4 0G0 0 " 8 = & = "

& & &&

& + 0 ! K # !/ L G 0 0 = ," 4 7 4 & + *?*2 ,>-1" + ! 4D = C 4 0 && D " % = K0 L & & " = + 0 0 , 0G D $< eD < -*= 00 & --= 7 & ," *F _{" ; *@@@} *@ _{& 4 && 7} $< > & ) # & 7 " A ) 0 " ; .> >" " *F1=--* *?_{A D" <} + ? *@?* -1_{+ A"} / 1 *?*2" % > & , 0G0 0 # " -* _{5+ 9 3} , @ D 6 4 = % H *?FF " 211=21:

@ ) + 8 4 00 50 0 & 9" 7 4 & & 6 7 && 4 K L " # ) , 5 6 0 7 0 08 9-/ + 0 7 & > B CC 0 3 <&> 7 -2" # G 4 ) 8 && , H & -:" # 7 & " & ) 7 0G & & 4D =D " ) 7 4 0 0 7 0 " ' A " *?-* 0 0 7 & ! s D & = 7 *?-* 6 6 4 0 08 7 t & 4 0 6 4 6 4 6 4 0 0 4 0 08 " u-. # s 0 7 u-F & 4 0 < & 0 " sH 0 = A = 6 u-@" & 8 & 4 0 0 -? --_{n% 0 0 08 ! Dv $ D = + n} A 0 -11-" -/ _{& "} -2_{+ A" B !} / " - C D 0 *?:* -: # 5J 4 H 8 9 0 *?// -._{A '" 5 t 0 08 9} , . " *?-/ " -/F=-.2 " -/F" -F # " " -/@ -@ # -? # " " -22

? 4 ! s 6 0 0 t u/1" D , ) ! s7 0 # 0u/* /- & // 4 /2" D 7 ) p =' 7 7 0 4 & && /: ! s ' 0 wA 4 4 0 ! v " 4 6 6 0 08 7 # 7 ! v & v 4' " # 4 7 k 8 6 7 7 &&6 J " D 7 4 4 4

6 7 " D 6 6 x 8 & C & &

8 7 0 0 6 4 " 6 6 & 6 T x 6 6 y 8 k 0 6 4 0 7 T 4 0 y 6 8 0 6 0 " D 0 6 & & 6 z({ A4 C 0 6 & C 7 6 6 C 6 C 8 && 0 7 6 6 6 T

& " A 4 4 0 & ! &

6 6 ( 0 6 6 6 4 0| 7 t 4 6 && u/. # 4 ) 00 G = 0 # " /1 # " " -2? /*_{% g" 5J 4 0 T 9} , . " " *?/1 "*-:=*/1 " *-:" /-_{+ A" nJ } 6 0 08 ! g n} , . " H *?-@ " ///=/:. //_{D D" 5A 7 7 0 4D =D 9} , . " / m2 *?:- " 2:?=2@:" /2 # 5A 7 7 0 4D =D 9 , . " H /m2 " -@?=/.-" /: _{# , p =' & G &}

" J %<& <I 4D =D *?2* &

0 0 # = 7 c 4 " *. & # *?F? h *??:" /._{p =' #" 4 !} 0 ! - " F=@

*1 '# ( ) # 7 , ) 00 0 # " i 4 & /F c & # # h 0 AC C & /@" H # ! 4 # k 0 0 7 , " G " & 0 & 5 9 h 0 & " 7 = 4 # = 4 7 0 0 & " G # " ' 4 4 & # 00 & # ) & " J 8 # & 4 & # " H # & 4 " & 7 & 7 & " # & 7 0 0 ! 4 5A $ 08 # ; # 9" 3 /F _{0 & $ 7 +" n = 7} 60 n ?. = -11* " - " *@/=-*-/@ _{4 & # # #" 5 6} 7 # 6 9 " j " 4 ! ; ! -111 # : F *??F " ::=.F"

** 0 0 & 0G #< # & 7 G ! s 6 6 & & 6 6 & 6 6 0 08 0 # ; 6 v # 8 6" u/? J 0 & & 7 " &

& & & 0 0

$ 0 , " 4 A H sA 6 6 7 0 08 u21" '4 7 & 4 0 , 8 4 ! = & & # = 2* 0 0G && 0 " # 4 8 4 0

& 8 & " & &

&& 0 ! 0G G ! sA 6 0 0 4 8 & 6 6 && 6 8 4 6u2-_" /?_{# " 5 0 0 08 # 9} , . " H *?-2 " " /:F=21/ 21_{H A" 5 ! 6 0 # 9 " j " 4} ! ; ! -111 2* _{# " 5 & }D =D ! }D ; ; 9} , . " *?-? " *2:=-.. 2-_{# " 5 0 0 08 # 9 " " " /F@=/F?} A %>)

*-H G 2/ 5A $ 08 # ; # 9 # 0G ) " && 7 7 " # 8 & " '4 & & G 22 " # ! ' ; ' # 7 C" ; 8 6 # & 00 5 4 6 7 9 & ' ; # # " H 8 & & 5 8 6 6 7 9 & # 8 7 & 0 4 4 7 4 2:" '4 0 00 & 4 # & 5A 9" i ' # 7 C 0 0 2. 8 & # 8 0 0 & " # 7 C c 4 # , ) " 7 0 & && 2F" 4 0 8 & " 4 2/ 22 _{& " H A" n 6 ! 6 0 # n " "} 2: # " " -@ 2. _{# 7 C '" 6} - . . ! " E @ " - C F " 2 " *@@. D = = *?@/ 2F_{'4 4 $ 7 7 # 7 C! s 7 "} 60 4 C 6 7 u Kn = 7 60 n " " " *?2L" D 4 & # 4 # 7 C KnA 5$ 0 g D 9 0 # ! q 0 6 0 08 k 0 4 n " j " 4 ! ; ! .> >" " @*=?- " @*L" ' 8 0 H 7 && ! sb 4 7 # 7 7 4 6 6& # 7 Cu KH A" n ! 6 0 # n " " " -2L" C 4 # 7 C K .> " ' *?@/L 7 ! s # 7 C 7 T K(L ' 4 4 6 T 7 4 7 8 7 4 6 u K " H L

*/ 8 2@k 0 8 # 7 C & 5 6 9 0 0 ! s +4 6 ~ 0 6 7 6 & T4 7 4 8 6 6 6 7 4 4 0 0 6 (u2?_" $ 6 && # && 00 7 # 7 C 00 0 " 7 0G0 0 & & G " 7 4 & 7 0 7 4 0 0G ) & :1" D # & " D 0G# & ! s ' 4 0 4 7 6 0 6 t & 6 & 6 8 6 0 &&6 6 6 t 0 " b 7 46 0 6 6 & 6 6 7 b u:*_" # 7 7 4 ; :- 8 5A $ 08 # ; # 9 = & :/" h & 0G 00 & " '4 7 # 0G0 0 ! 0G 5 00 9 0 k 4 4 & && 0 2@_{s & 7 | 7 & 6 6 46} u 4 - *?@2 " *.. 2?_{# 7 C '" .>} >" " -1 :1 _{7 8 # 8 3 " & " 3} '" 5% C & 0 # K*@?/=*?:2?L9 + " .> >" " *F?=*?/" :*_{5 0 0 08 ! # 9 " " " /@/"} :-4 0 ! :/ ₇ 6 3 00 & 0 0 0 "

*2 0G 4 " A4 # & & 0 :2 8 7 " A 4 0 & # & & & & 0 ::_" H & # 7 ! 5 69 0G ," J # 7 " 0 0G 4D =D ) 4 0 & 0 $ 0 D 0 # D " # & 0 p ) :. c # 0 0G & " # 00 & & " & 7 5 69 = 5 9= 4 0G 0 5 69 G :F " A 00 h 4 0 0 0 4

&& " # 8 && 7 &

7 " A4 0G & 0 5 0 9 , ) " :2_{$ 7 +" s = 7 60 u} ?. " *@/=-*- " *@@ :: _{# ! sJ 7 & 4 0 46} & k T 7 4 & H 8 t T 7 4 7 4 & 6 " = 0 6 7 6 4 u" K5 0 0 08 ! # 9 " " " /.:L" 3 3 DC " & " 5A & 4 0 # ; 9 7 " 0 *?@/ " *:@=*F." :. _{& " $ =p p" n# 4 0 p ) n " j " 4} ! ; ! .> >" " 2*=::" :F _{& " " nA 5$ 0 g D 9 0 # ! q 0 6 0 08 k} 0 4 n " "

*: & 7 0 " ' & 4 G 0 " *# + ) , & - . / 0 1 4 & # 8 6 00 & 4 && 0G ) " $ &

& 5& 9 5 9 &

0G " & & 00 0 # " H ! # " > i & & D 4 :@" # # " G 00 + 0G ) " c # & 0 + 8 4 0 " # 8 7 4 0 + 8 4 0 4 & :?" A # ! 0G & 0 :@ _{& " g D" nA4 6 ! 0 # n} " j " 4 ! ; ! .> > " -2?=-.2" :?_{s & " ' 6 4}

7 " 7 & 0 & s 6 u 7 &

C & 8 46 &

4 7 7 u" J 4g H 8

*. 0G" # 8 4 ) " c # && && 8 0 00 " 4 8 & 0G & 4 0G " ' 7 4 # && G & G " 8 4 & 00 4 # & & 7 " 7 0 0 7 c G " G 0 00 0 0 5 0 08 # 09 7 G & ! s A $ 08 6 6 6 46 8 6 z({ 46 $ 08 4D& 7 J ~ C 8 6 C 7 C 6 6 • t 6 6 7 6 6 6 0 08 4 8 6 " u.1 % & & .* & & = 0 & 0 0 && 4 4 " # 2 & & , , & h 4 & & " ) & 8 .1 _{3" #} / ! % *?/. " 21 .*_{H " H}

*F & & 0 " # 7 4 & && " # " J 4 4 , .-" ' 8 && & 4 0 " & 4 8 0Gk 7 0G G 4 ./ > 0 # 7 0 0 " D 4 00 " ) ' A 0 & 0 6! & 7 ! s C 0 ; 7 & 6 7 7 0 ; t & 0 6& " ' 8 7 7 4 7 u.2_" h & .:_" & 4 ) 8 A6 + 7 c ," + & & " D 8 .-_{# " n 6 x 0 08 # n} , . " H *?-2 " *1*= **. ./_{s 0 6 6 80 0 & 7 4} % K*@.1L" D 4 6 # && 0 0 6 " # 0 7 4 7

& & # ; u" n 0 0 08 ! # n " " " /F*" .2_{n t 0 08 n " " " -21}

.:

*@ & 7 G & D, ) #) " $ 5J H 8 8 9 " J & + , $ .." H + 0 0 & & " A 8 7 & & ) 0 0 0 7 ! s A 8 6 0 6" 7 4 7 4 t 4 0 " & " i 0 4 7 " 0 8 7 46 & 6 0 # u".F # 0 4 4 4 7 ! z({ 8 6 8 " A 8 8 n &" J 00 n 0 T " A 4 7 4 7 & 8 " A C 4 " 4 " ' 4 =t 6 0 7 6 6 C 0 7 4 6 6 C 0 6 " u.@ % + 4 8 G & 7 00 & && 0 .? 4 0 " '4 & 4 AC C 7 & 4 .. ?.> > .F_{nA ! & 6 A = + n *?// D J} D 2.2" .@ # > .?_{J 8 D, ) #) " 4} 7 4 0 0 # b " 0 00 & "

*? & "F1# 7 4 4 & # " ) & 0 & 4 & & " D & & 0 " D & 0 $ " # 8 4 & 4 " 4 & " J , # 4' F*_{" D &} 4 F-" D 0 AC C && & 7 & 00 *?1: " J 7 0 = % 00 0 D " # c h 4 & 4 & " F/ _& 4 & 8 4 & " F1_{% AC C & & 4} 0 $ 4 ' # 0 & " & " " 4 : " *?@@" " - " *-2=*/1 F* _{4 , ) " H}

F- _{& " 4 && # & $ % 0 & " " % 4D} # -?mFm*?/@ D J D3 *1" A &

> > D, ) #) <" F/_{H " H}

-1 # 2 , & , " , ) % ) 3 4 5 00 ) & " 0 & " % 7 7 " ) " J 5 4 9" J6 7

& && $ 7 &

& " &&

4 # , # ; < = ) >

*?11 4D =D

%<& <I & F2"

& # , # ; < = ) > 7

G

7 " 6

4 " 6 4

F2 _{0G D = ) > D eD0 ) e> & +" KA}

H L 5g 4 0 0 7 4D =D ! A Dv eD0 4 9 , .

" *m- *?:- "

*?F=-*-D ! > > # , $ D, =o O C7> 4 D& =

-* 7 8 7 4 " 7 & 4D = D *?/F 7 " 4 c & 7 c && 6 " A4 8 0 " G & $F: K 5 9L +$ F. K ) L 7 00 & 0 GG_" # ; < ) > ) " % # " & 4 & K L 7 K L " J # = ! s # 4 4 " 8 & 4 " D00 " & 7 G 7 0 " z({ 0 " ' 0 " 4 0 " ' 0 7 00 " z({ 4 00 0 & 0 " h& & 6 " 0 7 7 0 00 7 & " ' 7 4 0 z({ A 00 6 " ' 0 z({ ' h 0 0 " D F: $ " -1 0 *?.1=*?.* F._{# *?.1} FF _{# ; < = ) > 5 & 9 ; g nA} 6 # ; n DD"HH" : ! . % *??F " -2?=-.F

--0 7 uF@_" # ; < ) > 8 " D 0 & & 7 # ; " i h s && u s uF? " ' ) > 4

& " J && && "

0 8 " &&

!

sA & c & &

4 " ' & 7 0 " u@1_" 8 h 7 & & 7 & 4 && 0 0 4 , & & p =' # 0 H . H@*" # && 7 # ; < ) > 8 & & G " h &

&& & &

7 # 4 0 7 @-" # 7 && D = ) > && , 8 7 & " # 8 4 & & & D = ) > " # && 4 " J 4 ! 8 " 3 F@ $ " " * " & 0<0" i 4 0 " F? # " " *: @1 # " -F @* _{& "} -11- @-# " 21

-/ 0 & " ' 0 0G" J # 0G8 & 5 00 9 & " J 4 & D = ) > = & 00 & 0 0 @/= & G & 0 " ' 8 4 7 " A & 7 ) > 8 7 " D 7 4 7 4 & " i 4 & 8 7 8

& & 4 & 4

" A ) " J ) > & 87 4 & $ @2" 4 7 & & " # 8 7 && s 00 7 7 u"@: D = ) > 7 0 6 4 " 7 & 8 " % 8 4 4 " s'4 4 $ K 0 ) L u@." A 7 7 & $ 7 & @/ _{& " # " /.=21} @2 # " " /1 @: # " " /*" @. # " 2*

-2 " 6 8 4 7 & 4 0 " # ; < = ) > 8 = 4 && " D 8 & " % > & G & & @F " 0 7 &

& # ; < D =o<TTeD > 7<I>@@ &

7 I CC 7 ) o I K # ; L & ' I> c @? " 4 4 ) 8 & # ; < = ) > 7 G " @F $ " . " *F*" @@ _{& " # " * " *@2=/-2} @? # " /*-# , # ; < = ) >" ! D J # 5 7 9 g :1 & g

2/--: ) ! K L K L 5 K0 & & L $ 5 K 5 L 5 K L K L ! K L K L $ K& L K L K L I K L 5 K L K L = K L $I K L = K L K L K & L K L?1 7 ! i I CC 0 f) & # ; " ' 7 & " 0 & " 7 8 G & & " ?1_{D = ) > #=#" +$} .> > A % >

-.

-F

# 0G ) & " ! ; + 2 J ,

+ K#K/ / K D D& L C D # 6

-@

!

-6

1

(

'*

7 4 7 & 5 & 9 ) " i & 6 8& & 7 7 " A 0G 4D =D & & 4 & " & & " # 7 0 & G 4 0 0 " A & c h 0 & " # 7

J 8 && & & 4

& ) *! 00 7 -7 /" # c 8 7 4 " G 8 00 & 4 # 7 00 7 # !/ && 4 * _{& #} " 4 # : " *?@@ " * " *-:=*/. " - " F=*1. 4 4 8 A" 0 ! : " *???" " :*=F?" - _&& + 0 ! K !/ L" / _{# ; < = ) > 7} 7 5 9 K .> >L"

-? " # & 4 & & c " 3 5 & 9 7 " 5 & 9 & " 8 0 0 &

4 & && &

& 4 " 7 & 7 && " # & 4 " 7 5 & 9 c 4 & " & 0 & 7 7 4 4 & " A & & eD < = < >2 & " & =& 00 # 5 9 K $ L" 5 9 K L 5 9 K L:" 7 7 " 00 & " % " & 8 & #) <C o &>` = =& 2_{eD < < >} 4# " & c & 7 4 " eD < D = < > ! 3 D" 6 # " *?F." : _{eD < < >} M # ! K # 0 0 L 0 *??-"

/1 eD0 D =eD > .= # 6 G ₇ e & 0 " D 7 #) <C o &>` 0 c & #) <C f) & 7 & " & 7 4 7 0 " A 0 h & 7 00 " i 7 8 & " & 8 7 & " G & 0 & " D k 4 0 @k # # ?" # 7 #) <C o &>` # 4 =eD > . 5 N $ ; ' : : ; " %&'(%)%*" *?F. " ??=*:- A D" 4 ! " 0 -11* " /F*=2*2" F _{A 8 4 7} Ke 0 & L 4 " A 8 & 6 & @ # " & e I 8 & " @ _{$) ) D" # 4 =eD > J"} 5 I II 5 " $ KD 0G 4 L O +$ =$= J K ) L 00 A 0 D = T<, =T > 0 -11* " ?F=**-? _{& & H} 8 7 4 # "

/* < < & 0 7 4 4 *1" # 4 & & G " & 4 c 4 " # ;; J E> > <I> 6 0 & 5 9 6 0 7 4' 00 G 0 & "** G h 4 & " A & & c G = " # 0 & & 0 & & 0 7 0 " # & & ) 0 0 " J 7 & 7 AC C 00 & 5# 9 & h & 0 " A4 4D 7 *1 _{5# =D > D =g>0 A $ 9 D J D 2-F"} ** _{D =# ) > #" N} N ! 5 K # L 0 *?@: " * " /2@=/:2"

/-4 0 D, =

g>0 & # 4 =eD > =& *-"

00 *?1F G *?** & 4 # " # =eD > 0 e I 7 *?*- & 0G ; & 0 */" A4 & % >*2 4 *?*-" # / *?*- & D =g>0 7 *:" % > D =g>0 h h 4D D # ; " D 7 4 & & 0 0 5 9 e I 7 " & # 4 =eD > # ; 00 & 4 & 4 & & 0 *." # *F 0 c *- _{D g>0 5# 4 =eD > D =g>0 9 " "} */ _{h & 4 e I &} & 0 p ) 7 && 4 0 & 0G e 8 " ; 3 '" + " " *?@*" *2 _{7 0G} " *: '4 4 7 7 D =g>0 00 0 K5 T I \ 9L 7 0 & " 7 0 00 & K5 9 7 eD < = < >L" # 7 4 D =g>0 7

00 & eD0 =p > & D =

g>0 & # & &

0 " 87

h "

*._{A D" 7}

// # ; D =g>0 4D & %< ) < ) *F" i 4 c 0 c & " # 00 4 && 4 & ) 0G D =g>0 %< ) < & h 7 & #) <C f) & eD0 =o &>` " 0 & c h 7 & D, g>0 7 & # 4 =eD > ! # 00> 00 K & ! 8 L J 4 " 7 0

& & &

0 && " 0 ! 4 0 4 k 0 7 & 7 4 " 6 8 7 0 = & & = " c h 0 0 0 & " 0 0 0G ; && " D %< ) < D =g>0 & :11 z { 5 C & 0 0 69*@ 0G ); g I< & 5 K 0 L " ' 0 G 7 ! && *F_{5A 60 9 D J €-* K & &} # L" 8 8 & 0 " *@_{nA 60 n " "}

/2 && 4 4 " AC C & 4 ) 0 s 4 8 6 #) C •> *? =g>0 4 & q 6 6 "u-1' 8 7 ) c c c 5 7 9" i AC C 0 = A & & 4 ! s A 7 " 4 # ; 4 4D u"-* 4D G && 4

& && & >

% CC 0 3 <&> eD0 =# ; #4B > # > B4 3 <I>

--7 & 0

&& " 0 & 0 )

4 & " h

& & 4 AC C &

! s +4 7 6 6 D 4 & 7 & 8 " C 6 t 8 06 8" 7 4 6 0 0 D u"-/ A4 4D 0 0 " D 5 D =g>0 " 5 <I< c %< ) < & D =g>0 & # 00> 00 && " & 0 & 0G ) & *? _{# "} -1_{n 36 6 AC C K*?*/Ln nA 60 n " "} -*_{n A n nA 60 n " "} -- _{0 0G 4D D 3 <&} #\ 3 <I<" -/ _{s 36 6 AC C K*?*/L u A 60 " "}

/:

0 % > %< ) s 6

D 0 u & && &

7 D =g>0 0 && -2" -F 4 5 #) <C •> D =o<TTB D =DC< c # ; c %< ) < D =g>0 & & -: #) <C f) & & o #)> . -:_" /" 2 3 A4 5 %< ) < c " ' & & 0 4 & o ) #)>

& & & & &

& " o 6 4 4 ) && G 0 & " % & . % > # , $ ,< 0 " e 5 N s 0 4 u-." 0 0 4 " && -F" G D, g>0 0 6 %< ) < & &

& D >& & 0 ); "

c c & 4 && & ! 4 D < > /* 5 I 3 ) -2 ; .. : " 0 %)%9" -:_{nA 60 n "} -._{D = ) > #"#"} $ " 2 " *F?" -F_{J *?*/" D J D}

*-/. -@_{" 6 D < > 4 &} 0 6 7 & -? 4 0G & 7 I % < ); " J c 0 = D =g>0 D >& 0 0G );

& g I< &

5 & . %< ) < D o<TTo < /1" & " %< I< > > # , $ o C 4 & > > D, ) #) <" 4 " 4 *@@/ 0 4 o " # G & 4 0G D %< I< /*" '4 7 > > # , c 0 0 *?*- /-" & 4 D =g>0 00 6 5 & 9"//i 7 > > # , 7 4 7 0 & G 7 0 = " G 0 0 0 /2" '4 7 7 0 *?*- & 4 7 s 4 t -@_{nA 60 n "} -? _{8 7 *F.2 # D0 &} & # 6 G 0 " /1 ; .. : " P %)%9" /* _{# J 0 %} " *?-2 D J D 2-:" /- _{6 36 6 # A *@/F" -?m?m*?*- D J #D *-"} // _{# 6 36 6 -@m:m*?*- D J #D *-"} /2 _{'4 & s & u # J 0} % *?-2 " "

/F 4 C & & # f &u/:" D & > > eD > c 4 = D =g>0 " % > 7 & %< ) < 0 0G/." & 0 & 0 " > > # , & 6 4 & 0G" # % > & #) <C f) & & 0G && & 0 4 && s & 4 8 0 7 % "u/F & & 0 ) 4 6 6 " i & 4 3 & & s 6 8 6 && u/@" 4 0 & G " A4 && D < > c 4 & 4 ' 00 s 6 6 6 "u/?' 7 G 4 D =g>0 0 7 = 4D D " /: _{& 4' # g = #} 6 # ; ! % 4 s 0 u 6 & # 0 g 0 g % I # -F 0 *?*- D J #D .-. /. J 0 % " " /F & 0 & 4D g D -2mFm*?*/ D J #D .-. /@ _{4 7 # b T 7 4 *?*2 6 36 6} #"D"'" *m:m*?*2 D J D " @" /?_{$ 7 #"D"'" A *.21 -@m.m*?*/ D J D " @}

/@ J 7 ) & *?*/ 0G " H %< ) < & D =g>0 %>) 4D =D G D =o =%>) > 4 & 0G D • ) D I •<21" 3 D =g>0 & # 00 00 D =% J 4 & 0 " A & " 0G 4D D & # ; " A D =g>0 00 # ; 2* & 00 & 0 " %< ) < =d< > K 4 & ) L o & 00 *?*2 g I< 4 0G I • ; > I • < I •< 3 >I " D % > $ ,< h ); 2-& D + < DC< + < >2/ & 0G " h *?*2 A AC C & ) & . %< ) < % > o #)> # , $ ,< 22 ! s 6 6 q 6 7 & 6 " D 6& " % z({ 7 46 6 % z({ J 6 t t 6 % g # z({ A & &t 6 6 7 ~ T 4 0 & " u2: 21 ; .. : " 3 0 %)%9 2* ; .. : " Q 0 %)%R> 2-# 2/ _{& 0 & 4D g " "} 22_{AC C A A & $ 6 # ;} 0 Fm.m*?*2 D J #D .-F" 2:_{A = A AC C % *1mFm*?*2 D J #D .-F}

/? *# 7 A 7 A " i c & && 0 & 4

K L G & k 4 & c &

0 " A 0G & && s t 6 6 6 & 0 08 6 4D u2." *?*2 4 7 $ & 2F" J %< ) < 0G 00 7 % > 7

& 7 0G & 2@ &

0 D $< eD < 0 & 0 " '4 && 7 " ' c 0 4 D = g>0 4 0G & " 4 & 7 7 & &&

& D 2?" & & 4 . o

$ ,< 4 7 & 4 0G 0 7 :1" J 0 0 " A 0G =d< > 2. ; .. : " P %)%R 2F_{nA 60 n " "} 2@ ; .. : " P %)%R " " 2?_{'4 & 8 C + g $ ; ! A} & *?@*" + 0G & 0 & " 7 0G 00 0 & & D " :1 ; .. : " 3 0 %)%R"

21

0 &

$ K & L:*" J %< I< > > eD > &

4D < < K 0 0 L % > 0G 0 D; E<E # TT<\ D ' ; D & < D $< eD < " J & % > . D =o<TTeD0 < 3 ) > $ < 7 > > # , g< > DC< + < :-" A 4 *?*: 0 0 $ & D =g>0 & p ) 0G I $ 4 7> D ) D, " c . g 5 " 7 & ); " D % > D =o<TTeD0 4 " 0 6 0 0 && 7 5 o & 7 4 :/" D & & & " A c 6 " & D =g>0 4 *?*. 0 % &<C< > > & > G % \I< *@.1" A G 7 0 *?*. 4 & & 4 0 3 D =g>0 & =& " # 0 4 A & :* ; .. : " Q 0 %)%S> :- _{A $ & A} AC C ! s $ 7 6 8 6 6 && & 6 6 u" A = A AC C % *1mFm*?*2 " " :/ ; .. : " + . %)%S

2* A6 + && :2" 3 % > -2 0 + 7 & c & 4 & ! s 6 6 4 & & & 7 4 7 7 T " % 0 6 " A 3 7 4 & " A 4 u::" J & 4D =D 0GD & 7 k

& > > eD > & %< I<

& c # TT<\ 0 /11 :." A D =g>0 6 0 & 0G " 7 o c 4 4 5 h -2 0 *?*." A 5 ) -.11 0 ?:1 0G " # & 4 5 . o F c & = % > & D $ > > D $< eD < D; E<E D $< eD < # TT<\:F" A o ) #)> & & #) <C f) &" . %< ) < & 4D 4 " A

& =& 4 &

& 7 " ' 4

c " & D o<TTo < &

7 K L & . 0 s& 6 7 4 u:@" g I< ); & 0 :2_{36 6 A + # ; *2m*1m*?*. D J #D .--"} ::_{+ A % /*m*1m*?*. D J #D .--"} :._{+ A % -m**m*?*." D J #D .--"} :F_{nA 60 n " "} :@ ; .. : " Q 0 %)%G"

2-%< ) < & 4

& ); & &

0 " A 5 & & c % > 0 " + & & # ; ! . % >:?" A && & ! D =g>0 d TT< I $ 4 7> > I < # TT<\ & < k 4 % > D $< eD < D; E<E D ' ; D $ > > D <, .1" # *?*F h 7 d TT< -: & & #) <C f) & c D $< eD < D , D $ > > 0G d< > J) " ' 0 0 0 h :? _{0 7 7 0 & 7} 0 A # ; " D 0 5 <I< <& \ .1 ; .. : " %)%G" # & ) *?*F *?-*" ! + A" B ! / " - C D ' D 0 *?:*"

2/ & D = g>0 0 G & 4 0 0 p ) " A c -/ *?*F % > > % CC 0 3 <&> . K L 4D " :" 8 99 + 4 5 : 5 A 0 > B CC 0 3 <&> < < % > " o #)> && & 4 & " > B CC 0 " D =o TTB 3 <I> D0 ; #4\ > G 0 # & & " ) " & 0 5 o A & " G 7 & 0 ) & # .* " A & 0G %< ) < " D $ 0 & & G 4 " D & & 0G 0 4 " 7 & " D =g>0 p ) = " && 7 .* _{4 *?*F"}

22 0 && 0G & & " ' *?*F g s 4 0 C 7 u & 7 4 s y 4D 4D =D 0 u.-" D & 7 . % > 4 " 3 ); & & o ) #)> 4 . %< ) < " > B CC 0 4 0 0 4 K 6 L & & & ./ " "

> >eD > & > > # , ) g< > &

& 7 & 4 D =g>0 " D D < > & . p > > = 0G p > " A 7 eD0 ; #\ > # > 3 0 >> & h I % < & 0 D < > "

& & & #) <C f) & .2"

p > > h 4 0G & I % < & .:" A I % < 00 & G 7 .-_{% 6 b #6 # T g + *?*F D J #D .*F"} ./ " .2 ; .. : " + . %)%G" .: _{4D p " " D J #D .-1"}

2: & & .." A c 0 6 h 4 D < > 7 # # ; " # & " 3 <&> 7 & 7 *?*@ c 0 && .F_" J %< ) < g I< D =o<TT o < .@" 7 0 *?*.=*?*F 7 0 " i & & 0 4 " % # 00> 00 & G 0G " && = & 0 " & & " % ) <C # > D; E<E> $) % 4< D; E<E D ' ; ; D, g>0 & $ .?" A4 D f 4 & 0G D $< eD < D $ B< 0 # > = D; E<E> h F1" b 4D; E<E> 3 ) D $ 0G 0 % ; 0)C & D $< eD < D < D )&> " # D f 4 $) % 4< 4D; E<E> D ) .._{A = C 0 6 # ; D J #D .-1"} .F ; .. : " %)%&> .@ & *@@/ 7 ! s A 0 g T4 6 4 4 0 6 80 6 0 " +4 0 C & " A C

& 67 7 T 0 7 *@@* & $ # ; u"

; " .> >" " *?*"

.? ; .. : " Q " %)%G

2. D + & % ; D p D $< eD < D A, " A & 0G 0 % ; D < D A, 4 && 7 & 4D =D # > ' D; E<E> D D ) D <, D; E<Ek 7 I < # TT<\ D %< I< " i & 0 0 D =g>0 & 7 0G 4

=& " D > B CC 0 && &

6 & " # 0G 0 " 7 DC< + < > 3 <&> 7 0 4 7 0G D + < % > & + < > 0 7 . % > " D 6 7 7 & 4D; E<E> & 4D =D + < > 4 & " 0 = 0 & G 7 0 " # ) 5 ;3 <4<5 ) 5 ( # . o ) #)> *?*F 7 ! D, g>0 h -- *?*?" 0 4 # 4 D > & # ; " 7 %< ) < & p ) 0G I $ 4 7>

2F & G && 0 " ' . %< ) < G 4 && " A 7 D =g>0 & &

& & 0G & "

% # 4 =eD > 0 & & D =g>0 ! # 00> 00 J 4 " A & p ) + ! s % 0 6 p x $ ; b D D " b 7 6 p C & 8 " A D 0 8 7 4 46 7 6 8 7 4 " uF* 7 7 & & " # > ' D; E<E> h J 4 6 $) % 4

+ < > 7 4D; <E> = F-" D & &

# 00> 00 s 6 4 & x & uF/" c # 00> 00 & G k 7 & & k F2k s uF:" # 0 00 0 & F*_{n' % T *?*? + n" A $ !} # ' D ' g 0 " " F-_{H 7 & 4} & 7 " F/_{n' % T *?*? + n" A $ !} # ' D ' g 0 " " F2_{$) ) D" j # 4 =eD J"D" n+ < C; # 00> 00 I 7 0<4 ) CC ; <} = I <4 7 = CC n K + < C; # 00> 00 0 4 ) L +$ + ! " 5 I K ) L % > *??. F:_{D = ) > #"#"} $ " .> >" " 2 " -2F"

2@ & # ; & 0 & # 4 =eD > " D 8 && 0 7 0G 7 & ! & 4 " + ! s 0 6 & " 6 6 0 0 " & # 7 0 & 6 6 6 6" uF. # c " D # 00> 00 0

& 4 & & c

& 0 " 0 4 # 00> 0G & 00 0 G & c 7 " & 7 G 8 # 00> 0G 6 && 7 & 7 7 h & 0 " & *?*:=*?*. F._{5' % T *?*? + 9" A $ !} # ' ' g 0 " " D ! D, g>0 p ) " 0 0 4 & & " D ! p )

2? & " & 0G 4 00 7 e $ 0G FF_{" #}

& & &

& "

L’anemia del jih d era in fondo il riflesso della condizione precaria in cui Murabb>h viveva a Kerd)s, ospite degli Idaw Ba’aq>l, per non dire loro ostaggio, visto che vi era sempre il rischio che la tribù iniziasse a trovare la sua presenza ingombrante, tanto più che al suo interno si affrontavano due fazioni: una capeggiata da Sa’>d ) Addi

) A,med, ostile al makhzen e l’altra, guidata da G)am<zer, che invece col makhzen

continuava a negoziare e avrebbe preferito anzi rifugiarsi definitivamente alla sua ombra. Ma i Francesi non abbassavano la guardia, sempre vigili e pronti a registrare ogni sussulto proveniente da Kerd)s, a seguire gli spostamenti continui che gli emissari di Murabb> Rabbuh compivano tra le tribù, soprattutto nei m$sem che si svolgevano nella regione, le tournée di zy ra che lo shaykh compiva annualmente tra i suoi tributari. Insomma più le possibilità del jih d di avere successo diminuivano, tanto più perdeva legittimità il ruolo di Murabb> , il suo considerarsi sultano e quindi i suoi tentativi di mantenere un makhzen parallelo sostenuto dalle contribuzioni delle tribù dissidenti. # 00> 00 # > =D; E<E>" # 00> 4 = # > = 0 " A 0 7 D # 4 =eD > D, g>0 # > F@_{" # 4 & 7} & G =& # 00> 7 && & 4 0 " 4 0 0G 0 4D =D % > s & & FF_{$) ) D" # 4 =eD J"D" n+ C; # 00> 00 ( n " "} F@ _{# ' D; -- 6 *?*. D J #D .-/"}

:1 8 7 uF?" 4 # 00> & 7 p ) " i 6 # > " 4 G & 7 4 7 " h & s + 6 6 4 & 8 4 4 4 ; u@1" D 6 s& 8 u 0 0 7 " % 0G # TT<\ #0< ; $ < > 7 4D; E<E> @*" A 7 4 & " # & 0G" # $ < > 7 + < > && 7 & > B CC 0 3 <&> " 7 # 00> p ) & 00 # > & 4D =D & " & # 00> 00 # > =D; E<E> G & " J & 4 7 G " & D =g>0 & 4 & 0 & & 7 F?_{A = & A % " " D J #D .-*"} @1 # @*_{J # ' D; D J #D .-/}

:* # 00> # >" & h h 00 4 = 7 0 " D 7 & C + 0 " + 0G 0 0 >&@- 0 4 5 9 && & 0 0 7 " J 0 & 6 & 0 & " 7 0 ) # 00> # > && 4 " 00 4 " b 7 " D00 G& & " A + 7 " + & G & " # 7 c # 4 =eD > & 00 4 & && & 0G 6 0 " J 8 # 00> 0G 0 " D # 00> 0 @/_" A 6 & & 0 @-, 2 T .> > @/ _{$) ) D" # 4 =eD > J"D" 5D = C; # 00> 00 =e< T< 9 KA} C; # 00> 00) 0 L €-:=-. -11-"

:-" '4 7 7 & 0 0 @2" ' 4 ) 7 0 " h & & 4 # > 0 " A & 7 & =& & " D 4 G& & 7 & " =# A4 # 00> 00 # > D; E<E> =& & ) " A 7 0 4 & 0 6 & " J *?-- %< ) < I $ < + 0 $< > 4 4D =D 4 & 0 & 4 0 & 4 " D & *?-/ & 7 & D D < > I $ 4 7> #) <C f) & d TT< 4D =D @2 _{& " % g" 5A 0t " ' 7 t 6 9} + # " * *??. " *1*=**?

:/ & 7 4 ! % >@:" A 0G 0 " D B<\< I $ < 0 5 00 " D d TT< G I 3 ); I $ 4 7> # TT<\ G & =& # 00> " A & 0 & 7 4 & 5 9 eD0 ; #4\ >" # 0G & & 6 . g 5 4 # > =D; E<E> # TT<\ #0< ; $ > < >" 4 & c 4 4D =D " # 00> 00 " && @." 6 c & & 0 & " #) <C # , <4 < $) 0<4 G 4 D # 4 =eD > @F" 7 7 G & 7 " J & 00 *?-2 & c # , %>) > 0G %>) & #) <C f) & o $ 7< p ) K L 0G I p ) & & 4 " % %>) > @: ; .. : " Q %)*9" @._{36 6 6 # ; 6 36 6} 7 4D --m*m*?*2 D J D /1 @F ; .. : " 0 %)**

:2 5 0 & @@" A 0 c + 0 $< >" i I $ < *?-- $) J = )0 < >" 7 D =$ > 7 & I p ) )0 < >" . D =o<TTg < 7 0 )0 < >" p ) > & c # 00> 00 p ) & 5 > 4 & h & 7 7 0 & @?" c h " A G & & I % < *?-F );< c D d ) 0G & 7 h

& & & D % ; " G 6

4 7 AC C & >& *?-:?1 G 3 00 & # " D & " % *?-F 4 # ; ) & & " D = 4D 7 < D < > h 2 < # !/ && 7 H D < > %< ) < % > % < < G 2 ?* G 7 $ ) @@ ; .. : " 0 %)*R @? ; .. : " %)*R ?1_{J & *?-* D0 =p > p <0>} 7 4 " # D0 =p >

& & 0 5 00 &9

& && & " AC C

& & c" A &

0 6 0 0 D0 =

p > " & DC 3" 4 ! ; " *??."

?* _{4 & $ I "}

:: 4 ); " ' ); ); 4 ; 4 && 7 7 4 #) <C # , <4 ?-&& 4 G " D 0 & " A G D < > %< ) < " ' 0 *?*??/ 7 0 " 7 D < > % > %< ) < 4D =D 7 D < > $ ) 4D =D " J I % < G D < > # " 7 & & 7 G " 6 & 4 0 0 & && " ' 0 && 6 0 & " J 0 & c #) <C f) & 7 ) & & 0G D $< eD < I $ 4 7> # TT<\ DC< + < >" G 7 7 4 >& 4' eD0 =p > 0 7 && ?- _{$ 4D % Fm*1m*?-. D J #D .-.} ?/ ; .. : " 3 0 %)%)>

:. 0G 0 ?2" J # 00> 00 c & 4 " ' 4' " # 4 6 4 >& 4 00 & 00 0 4D =D " J # > =D; E<E> ! 0G 4 B<\< 00 $) J )0 < > 4 0G?:k $ < > & " & & *?-. c G & & & & 7 4 4 " # # > 6 5 I $ < c 6 7 c " %

&& & & c & 7

G & ?." D 4 & " 3 " D 4-1 & & 4 " # 0 *?-.=*?-F ) " i & & " ?2 ; .. : " Q %)*S> ?: ; .. : " ? %)*S> ?._{J *1 *?-. % > !} s 6 0 & 6 # ' D; " % & 8 C " 6 ~ 6 & 7 4 7 4 " ' *?-/ 4 & DC T 6 q 6 8 6 u D J #D .-*"

:F A4 " A & & # ; # " D G 7 0 G " h 4 & ?F 7 c & ! 00 g *m: k *m/ *m- D < > k *m2 ); 4 H % > k *m-4D =D ?@" i & ! 6 0 k 6 4 && & D 0G %<& <I 0 # s 0 J # 6 6 6 7 u??" ' 0 & & 4 & & " 7 & & & ) " ># 7, A ) 4D =D 0G" D00 4 I % < *?-F" % *?-@ *?-? " ! 4 D d > D #) < ) $);; 0 & ?F _{4 4} H" ?@ ; .. : " %)*G> A & 0 0 && & 4 4 " ??_{A H # J 0 D *mFm*?-@ D J D 2-."}

:@ ); h 0 0 4D = D *11" ! D # >0 0G D77< & + 0 $< > I $ < " i & 00 c 4 && 7 & " # 00> 00 c 5 # TT<\ D; E<E D % < < D I $ < D # 0 " c D eD0 " D )<0 D d > 7 *1*" A & 7 & s& u s u*1- # 00> 00 & s 6 0 u # > ' D; E<E> 4 *1/" J 4 0 *?-? & D )<0 D d > 0 0 0 & G && *12" 0 G 4 & " # > ' D; E<E> 0 # TT<\ $ < > 7 D + < DC< + < > 0 & " 4 4D; E<E> 4 && 00 7 *1: " A " J & 00 *?/1 & *11 ; .. : " %)*&" *1* ; .. : " + . ? %)*)" *1- _{7 # *€ F b 0 *?-? D J #D .*."} *1/ # " *12 _{6 # ; 6 36 6 /1m*1m*?-? D J #D .*.} *1: _{! 7 & 4 % *m*-m*?-? D J #D .-.}

:?

=B<\< %< ) < =

0 *?-@" i & & &

4 & & 4 " % G 4' & 3 & 7 & " '4 7 *?/* g 6 # c & 4D 4D = D " J 4D =D 4 B<\< & c - %< ) < " # & % > 4 & " i 4 = DC< + < >

D =o<TTB4 > 3 <I> . # ; G &

# 7 c 4 0 # > D; E<E> 7 *1." % c G 4 # > 00 7 0G & K D; E<E D ' ; D f 4 D $ > > L 7 0 4 & KD <, # TT<\L" # 0G 4D =D p ) KD I < > D %< I< 6 6 *1F" ' 0 # !/ & G 4 4 & ! s 7 6 C 7 C 6 6 6 && D&& 8 0 6 4 6 & u*1@ 4 c 8 6 0G D p 00< D o + 0 $< > & # > ' D; E<E> & *1. _{# 36 6 6 # ; D *2m/m*?/* D J #D} .-/ *1F # > *1@_{36 6 # # ; *.mFm*?/- D J #D .*F}

.1 4 " i 6 $< > 6 00 4 s 6 0 4 ~ 6 " C 4 4' g 0 7 6 u*1?" '4 h 4 *?/2 & & 0G 0 6 0 > c 4 **1" & 0 4 % > 4 4 & 0 4D =D ***"

& & & & 6

0 4 0 G 7 && 0 " D 6 0G 0 4 4 **-" 7 & & ) & 3 s & & u**/" 4

# 00> 00 # > ' D; E<E> & &

00 h " # ; < = ) > 7

4 & 0 & &

*1?_{A ' ' 6 6 4D =D} -1m*1m*?// D J #D .-2" **1 _{A ' 7 4 ! s 4 0 &} 7 T " A 6 6 t & 0 6 7 & 0 0 ; 0 6 q 6 u ' ( " " ***_{D 6 && 6 0 # ; 6 =#} *?/2 D J #D .-2" **-_{36 6 g 6 36 6 4D =% *:m-m*?/2 D J #D .-:"} **/_{36 6 6 36 6 -*m/m*?/2 D J #D .-:}

.* 0 & & 7 ! sJ 4 */:- 4 z*?//=/2 { 7 & "u**2 ' 00 0 4 7 # 4 " # G & & 0G " A4

& 4 & &

7 0 " 00 G " 6 & h G 0G 4 6 7 00 && " **2_{D = ) > #"#"} $ " .> " " 2 " -.F

.-!

6

&

7 & 4 & 0 ) " 8 6 "

# & & & c

0 " # 7 AC C* & 0 " J 0 & & & & " ' & 6 0 & 6 6 & " 7 4 & 4 && " 7 7 0 & 0 " A4 8 7 0 0 & 0 & 0 4 " A4 0 h G 0 7 0 && 0 0 * _{AC C & # "} 4 : U " .> >

./ 00 && 0 & & " 0 0 0 4 & 0 4 & " G & & " A 4 00 0 0 00 4 & " # 6 " ) , ( ) A4 & # 8 4 0 # " ' & & 0 0 & 0G0 0 4 " A 00 && !/ & 0G c & 4 5A $ 08 # ; # 9" & 0 # " 7 # & 0G 4D D ) 4 0 0 0G " A 4 7 ! K 0 L 0 ! K 0 L" K 0

.2 0G L 00 4 0G" # G 0 8 0 # K 0 0 $ 8 G L 0G" D 7 0G # 5 00 9 4 0 4 !

s 67 0 & & & C

0 7 8 7 7 6 6 0 7 0 08 u-" # 4 4 & 0 0 ! & ! s # 7 7 0 T ~ 7 y 4 & 6 7 6 & " 0 t G 7 6 7 8 6 & 46 8 = 0 6 4 4 6 4 & 7 T 6 7 u/" 8 4 # 4 ! " 7 ! s 4 7 6 7 4 && 8 v " 4 & & 0 k 4 & 6 4 & 7 4 " H t 6 4 4 && 0 k 0 6 ~ 6 7 # ; k 6 0 k 6 k 0 y 6 T 8 4 & 6 x 0 & 0 u2" A c 0 0 0G 0 0 # " # && & & " i -_{# " 4} 2 / + " .> >" " -.? / # 2 # " " /?.=/?F

.: 8 4 0 0 7 4 00 " ' & & & c " 7 0 & " ' 4 8 0 :" 3 # 4 0 & 4 0 8 h G G " J 0G >& 3 DC & ! sH 0G ! 8 K L 4 " 7<4 "u. A 4 0 0 7 8 & 6 0 " " 7 & # 7 # 7 ! sA4 & ~ t 4 7 8 7 " & 4 s I u 4 7 8 8 0 7 6 & 0 K"""L" t s & 0 u 6 0 8"

s & p u 7 & 0 K"""L" s & p u =

0 4 7 & 7 & ; 4D =D " 7 " 7 T 7 7 4 t s u 7 7 = T 6 6 uF" # & : ? 8 0 e = =& 4 " ' 7 8 " & " 2" . _{" % I&>7 D"} ! V# $ %&S(%)%*L KA ) < *?:1=*?*-L 0 *?@/ " 2.@" F_{# " 4} 2 / T .> >" " ---=--/

.. 0 0 @" i 6 00 8 & & 0 " '4 7 # 4 7 0G & " 0 0

6 & 4 && &

0 0 " '4 7 4 & " # " 7 7 0 & & & ! s b 8 6 4 4 7 t 6 460 4 7 K"""L 0 4 && 6 6 7 4

& && & 6 4 7 " % 8

& 8 4 6 8 7 4 6 4 u?_" 7 4 # G 4 5 0 9 8 & " A4 4 0 " J6 7 7 ! & && 7 0 & 4 & ! s i 7 & 4D 0 v 6 4 t 6 " 7 6 4 0 46 T 0 7 4 C & # ; 6 & 0 " D 6& 0 6 k && 6 4 7 $ 08 T 7 @ _{# A D" 4} ! " " " " *.@=*F*" A 4 # 0 0 & 5 0 9" # 0 0 & 00 " ?_{# " 4} 2 / T .> > " -@/

.F 6 6& 6 6 " D 8 v 4 4 4 7 4 7 4 8 k = 7 6 0 k t 4 4 ~ T u*1_" A4 4 # = 7 & 7 4 = 7 4 0 7 & ! s D C C = 0 7 k 4 6 6 8 " 6 6 6 0 7 0 6 " 7 t 8 6 ' t 467 0 s 0 u " 6 7 6 7 $ 06 7 & 4 7 0 & D& 7 J 7 4 6 7 t & q u**" # ? @ 4 0 4 & 4 && " J & 4 4 & 0 & 0 " # 0 " ' AC C 3 # 0 G 0 4 " i c 00 & & 0 " J ) & 4D D K

D =3 <I> D =3 <&> #\ >L AC C && D =g>0

# ; 0 4 4D D " A

*1_#

4 2 / T .> >" " /?@ **

.@

& & &

7 AC C & && G & " & ) o ) #)> . %< ) < & h 4 & D =g>0 4D =D " o & 4 ) 7 4D 0 8 & " i = A & ) . ! s 6 0 6 " g

7 4 &y &6 7 4 4 &

4 " H 8 4 7 T 8 T4 0 6 7 4 T 6 6 6" 4 " 8 b 4 6 6" 6 0 7 " 0 67 0 7 v " 4 7 x 7 ;; 4 & 4 0 4• 0 6 u*-_" A4 7 & 8 & & 4 " i 4 G & 7 && 0 00 & & && h && !/ ! s 4 0 t & 8 4 && q & 4 6 T 6 u*/" c o c " A4 h

o & > B CC 0 3 <&> &

*-_{A 6 36 6 % *1mFm*?*2 D J D 2-F}

.? & 4D D " J . % > && o & G 7 4 D =3 <&> c 4 G 0 && & " 4 3 <&> % > 0 # ; < D = ) > $ !

sD o<TTB CC 0 & I< > &> 4 d TT< " ' 7

& 7 % > *? 4 0<

# ; c ; >& # , $ 0 < > o<TT g< > J<E> > 7 && c

" h % > & 4 ; ! z({ ' < < & " A 0G g ); #< # 4 D ) 0 <>> 7 4D < eDI> ); $ 4 7> G " & # 4 < < > */:@ & " c 4 c" 6 & h z({ D & " ' 0G " A " A 7 0 % > z({ 0 z({ i 0 % > 00 & 7 $ ,< z({ # c 3 <&> & ! 6 6 0 ) " && 0 u*2_" D 7 00 7 " 4 o 3 <&> & 4 " J & G *:" D % > 3 <&> & " && h 0 & && *." *2_{D = ) > #"#"} $ .> " " 2 " -1?=-** *: _{#); < = ) > 4 g %< ) < &&} 4 & 4 4 " *._{36 6 # 36 6 6 # ;} 7 % 4D D *2m*m*?-2 D J D /1"

F1 ' & & 7 7 0 # =A ! s D 4 & 6 6 7 6 g 6& 0 6 6" H 7 T & 7 C C 6 6 t 6 7 6 " 6 6 6 & " 6 7 8 4D 6 7 q " ' 6 6 C t 0 u*F" 7 & G 4 " D 7 & 0 0 = 0 " 00 G % > %< ) < G " 4 & 7 0 # 7 0 0 " & G G 0G & 4 " ' *@ ₀ " J 4D =D & 7 G & & " 7 & 7 # & 0 4 & " J 4 & G 0 && & " A4 0 00 # *F _{# =A nA 7 3 v # n} ; 0 U 0 *?/1 " /:?=/?2" *@_{A4 ) h &} && & "

F* && ! 0 G (*?" 0 4 & 0G 4 " 0 0 c ! " ' 00 & " 0 5 0 9 & 6 0 7 " 0 ! " 0G G & 0G " A & 4 0G 4 00 0G ! 4 -1 " c 0G = & ! && & k 4 G -* & 7 0G" '# 7,

A & && & "

0 4 0 0 *? _{& " ; g" 5+ <4 % 7 9} , . < H " " - K-11*L " *2F=*:: -1 _{& 0 8 &} # 0 h 8 0 " & 8 " -* _{& " #} " " H

F-& 6 & & " 7 7 0 7 0 0 " 7 & 5 9 00 *?2@ & & ! s A v 8 ~ 4 & 7 x & 0 8 6 7 K"""L

& & & 0 6 0

0 7 K"""L D && 0 7 6 7 4 & " % 4 0 7 6 v 0 8 6 4 7 && K"""L t 6 6 6 6 & & 6 0 & 0 6 " t 4 0 7 6 4 8 & 7 46 6 0 7 4 " & 0 7 v 6 4 0 7 4 6" 6 & s u 0 k x 4 6 &7 K 6 L 6 & 6 6 && " i 4 6 x & 6 4 4 & q 4 6 4 & 4 0 4 | 4 6 4 & 0 7 46 " v t

0 & 6&6 4 7 & 0

6 0 K"""L C 7 & v T t 0 6 0 0 T 6 7 0 t 8 7 u--_" 7 & 4 4 & & 4 0 K 4 & L -/_{" i & ) 0} --_{' v A v €@F 0 *?2@ D J D 222} -/ _{& g D0} @ . " - 6 *??F " ?@=*//

F/ 4 " 8 && & 4 4 & " 7 & ‚ J # & ! 0 7 & & -2" ) 00 G " 00 & & " A & 7 " D 7 7 4D; E<E 4 7 " &

& & & " J *?-:

& . D < > > A , $ $ < > % > *?-/ 0G D D < > p > # > " & 4 0 I 0G o<,<" A , & I " 0G D % 4 & 4 5 9-:" . c & " A & *?2* 2 < 4 && ! s % 8 6 8 & 6 8 & 4D 6 x 7 0 C 6 & 7 & 4 7 6 6 7 0 4 6 7 4 & " 4 8 6 A $ $ 6 4 T 8 y 4 0 T 6& 4 & 6 6 8 & 0 " % 8 6 4 C 4 7 4D & 8 6 6 t " T & 6 4 7 6 7 6 6 6& 8 -2 _{" 4} : U " .> > " - " *.@ -: _{A $ $ $ # $ $ $} D0 % -/m/m*?2* gD% / g -1/F

F2 4 4D 6 0 " u-. D 4 & & . % > > ' \ > $ D, $ > , < >" b 0G ,< 7 % > 0GD % > D # 4 I $ 4 7> ' ); D $ > > . *?/@" A *?:- s 8 C 7 0 8 0 4 # 8 4 T u-F" D %< ) < eb D =o<TTo < o #)> *?-F" # -@ " A & 0 00 & s 4 6 7 T 6 6 6 u-?" D & > # , $ eD0 D = 7>\> & 4 =

#) <C o &>` 3 <I> = I &

/1_"

D & = & !

> eD0 $ eDC< $ # , + < > s0 & &

T 6 6u/*k ); eD0 , < $ #) <C D, <4 & %>) # , $ 0 < > =%>) > & & D =o<TT o < & /-_{" H 6} & = $) 4 0 $ i > g I< D, $ # > D )<0" # & -. # -F _{$ & $ % ' $} D ' $ % 6 *?:2 D J ?.2" -@_{$ D" " % *?/@ gD% / g -11:} -? # /1 # " 7>\> D&< b" D =ƒ >& #" 5 2 I + = " 5 I V# 5 2 I + = " 8 0 L 0 -11: /*_{J D0 $ DC $ # + b + " D J ?.2} /- _{& " D = ) > #"#"} $ " .> " " *? " -*@=-*?

F: 0 && < $ CO # ; < " 3 & 7 0G " ' 5 6 0 7 0 08 9 # & 4D = D ! s 0 $ % & 6 *?/2 8 6 4D =D 4C C 6 0 " % 4 8

& 7 t & 6 7 & k

&&6 6 7 T 7 0 z({ 7 y 6 7 0 & 8 0 z({ D $ *1 4 b & % 7 / " 7 6 6 4 x 4 7 6 0 0 4 k 7 6 7 4 && 0 6 4 7 7 7 x v " # && 6 4 " *€A 7 0 " -€ 0 D % 46 4 8 7 & 67 6 6 G q 7 0 " 4 8 8 6 6 6 4 0 t 6 6 7 6 3 0 8 6 8 k C v " & 7 7 4 7 u// & 0 ! & 4 k 4 && 4 " J *?/? 4 && & 0 I % < 7 && ! s A4 6 & 8 k 6 0 6 6 0 4 & 0 7 4 6 6 0 7 7 = 06 6& 4 " 4 8 7 4t 6 0 6 • " u/2 4 & && 4 & " 7 & c 0 " ' ; // _{$ & $ D" " % & 4} 8 $ % & % & -1m*-m*?/F gD% / g --1*" /2 _{& $ D" " % = T} 6 6 & % 4D *2m2m*?/? gD% / g

-11-F. 7 4 && 4 & & " & 4 & & 4 4 && 0 /:_{" 0 && &} & h 0 & 0 0 && & /." D 7 & 0 0 && & ! s 6 7 8 4 4 6 7 6 0 C 6 " D & & 6 & 6 n ; n v 4 6 7 4 4 T 6 6 u/F_" b & 7 " D & & G && " '4 # , $ $ < > D =%>) >" s u/@ 0

c7 & %>) & &&

& c s &

/: _{*?/? D < > ! s +4 4}

& ~ 7 4 && 7 60 &

8 0 4 && 6 7 6 6 & 0 4 0 " u J & $ 4g & % 4D -.m@m*?/? D J #D .*@ /._{$ # 5 9 8} ! s A & 6 6 4' 6 6 6 6 4' " 4 7 4 0 u $ # D" + . -*??1 " *?* /F _{# & $ 4D 4} 4D D :m@m*?-* gD% / g -11-/@_{D = ) > #"#"} $ " .> " " *? " --*

FF u/?" # 7 00 & G 0 4 G " J 0 & 4 0 & " && 0 & 0 " J && 0 & 0 = h G " % & " 7 0 0 0 G " # 7 & 0 0 " 0 G 00 6 0 G " *# 6 " 5 : 5 D && 0

& " D && 0 7 &&

& K L 4 & 7 " A4 & 0 4 & & 4 " /? # " -*?=--1

F@ "

& 5& 9 && 0

0 & &

& T< CC <E CC &

&& " A ) 4 & > > D, ) #) < > 7 < CC % > " A > 00 G & ! & 0 > > D, #) < 4 & & 7 " D00 4 0 & # , $ o C 0G " A & eD > $ # , G 6 & " A eD > 4 *?/2 0G D %< I< & = > A 0 h " A4 6 & 0 4D =D 4 " # eD > $ # , 0 7 && # !/ & 4 " A 00 00 G # = " A 7 & " D G 0 & " 4 0 " & & 0G # TT<\

F? $ > < > D; E<E> 7 4 4 21_{" 7 c 8} 4 & 7 00 0G & " = ) > & ! s z eD > $ # , { c 7 z # TT<\{ & g C && u2*" A eD > 7 & & & & # !/ 7 7 4 " A eD > & " J *?2-& 4 # , $ f) & N 7 > # , 0G I < " # && 7 0 2-" G 0 & % > " A % > G & ) 7 4 & 4 H # 0 J< % ) 4 2/" & % > > > D, $ # , K& L # , $ J<E 7 % ) " > 21 _{& " D = ) > #"#" # ! T .> " "} /**=/*-2* # "

/*-2- _{& 0 A C & % & 4D = &}

" " D J ?.:

2/ _{J<E CC % ) g D" n 6 6 %}

@1 0 & " J & 4 % > 7 ! 6 #) <C o &>` 6 #) <C f) & 6 4 0 " 7 # , $ g< > 6 & 0G 22" 0 6 4 && " A4 & & $ > = % < < > 6 0 4 & 0G" i && # !/ 0G G & " & # , $ g< > & 0G c & 4 " && & ! s & 6 # " 4 6 46 7 & 8 & 6 6 & " J 6 x & 67 6 6 7 6 6 7 6 6 & ( u2:_" i && " 0 0 & 7 0G & & 0 ! 0 && ( J # , $ g< > 6 & 0 00 & G & & & " 22 _{# $ A % *@m**m*?-?} D J #D .-1 0 " 2:_{A = # & % & % 4D $ 4} 7 6 7 *?/2 *?/F % *Fm*m*?/@ gD% / g -11-"

@* A 00 4 " 00 " 7 7 & G 0 4 ) 2." # +

h& & &&

# !/ &

4 0G" & *?/2

&

0 &

" 0 #

AC C & & 2F &&

!/ e/12@" 7 & & c & 0G " 4D =D KD eD0 L! 4 && D0 < J<E> > 2? k :1_{k &} 4e :* 4 :-" b 7 & & & c ! 4 2. _{& " #} " " @" 2F _{" 4} : U " .> > " - " /: 2@ # " 2. 2? _{& D D0 A "= & % D} D0 " " D J D *" :1 # & $ D" " 4 D D0 */m*m*?/F D J D *" :* # & % D D0 --m?m*?/. D J D *" :-# $ D 6 D D0 */m**m*?:/ D J D 2"

@-" D & 4-1

- %< ) < 0

&& /2 :1 7

W 0 # ; :/"

# & 7 & h &&

" & && & & 0 4 4 0 " && # !/ & & 0 & ) 0 0 " ' 6 4 ) && 0G! s 60 6 && 6 6 0 8 G K"""L A 6 x t && 8 6 ~ 0 6 6 0 6 " 6 4 6 4 0 6 4 " 6 4 6 " 6 0 ‚ C & & 6 C 4 8 " u:2 && 00 0 0 " % & 0 && ! ) 0 0 4 k " & :/ _{" 4} : U " .> > " - " :* :2_{36 6 8 & 6 # ; # D&&} 7 0 # ; ?mFm*?/@ D J /*1" & 7 && 8 6 & "

@/ , 0 " h G + & 0 00 & & 5 ,9" D & & & h ) & "

@2

!

A

?

,

7 & ) 4 " 0 # && # !/ & 0 0 0 0 0 # D 4 0 0 # 0 " J ) 7 c & 0G G # & 4 K L K L" A & & 4 " 6 & & " # 6 ) 0 7 # " h & & G& 6 7 0 & 6 00 ( % 7 0 && 7 # D 6 K L 0 K ! L" & 0 ! & && !/ c & 0 4 " 4 c & 0 0 4 "

@: # 7 6 H 4 4D =D && & & 0 0G0 0 " A 0 0 & && # !/ # D " i & 0G0 0 0 0 7 0 " % & & ! # & & 0 k $ 0 & 7 & k & & & *" 7 0 0 7 0 " D 4 0 7 G & & 4 0 7 " A & & 0G 0 0 K L 0 4 K L 4 0G G 7 G 0 " A 7 " 50 0 & 9 && && 4 & 0 0 0 0 " 4 0 0 G & 4 4 & && 0 7

& " % && &

0G 0 0 && 0 " AC C 0 0 & 7 & 0 # " * _{& " D " " 5A 7 0 08 & q # 9} : !