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Opportunities and Threats of Farm Biogas Diffusion at the Regional Level in Italy

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During the three years of my PhD, I carried out education and research-related activities, including courses and seminars organized by the Doctoral School and other scientific associations, visiting to foreign

universities, collaboration to EU-funded research projects, and participation to international conferences. The activities are as follows:

COURSES

▪ 2014: Academic English – course organised by Doctoral School ▪ 2014: Statistics– course organised by Doctoral School

▪ 2015: European Master in Official Statistics (EMOS) Spring School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy ▪ 2016: Agricultural Economics and Policy, Wageningen University and Research Centre,

Wageningen, The Netherlands

▪ 2016: Giovanni Anania Summer School on Evidence-based Policy Making “Regional Trade Agreements Implications for the EU Agriculture and Rural Development, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.

VISITING PERIODS (over 4 months)

▪ January 4th – April 4th, 2016, at the Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands (tutor dr. JHM (Jack) Peerlings). The aim of the traineeship was developing skills about the empirical analysis of on-farm biogas, as well as attending courses organized by the Doctoral School.

▪ October 5th – November 18th, 2016 at the Department of Sociology of Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria (tutor dr. Petya Slavova). The aim of the traineeship was deepening the

knowledge of social network analysis and getting advice about result interpretation and paper writing. COLLABORATION TO EUROPEAN PROJECTS

▪ PUREFOOD (7th framework) ▪ IMPRESA (7th framework)

Report writing for European projects

Galli, F., Gava, O., Bartolini, F., Marescotti, A., Brunori, G. (2015). Global and local wheat-to-bread supply chains. GLAMUR Project (EU-funded project - Italian case study report (Task 3.5). Federazione Italiana per la Ricerca in Agricoltura Biologica e Biodinamica (FIRAB)

Gava, O., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G. (2016). Impact pathway of farm biogas adoption in Tuscany (Italy). IMPRESA Project - Italian case study report (Deliverable 3.2)

CONFERNENCE PAPERS AND POSTERS Conference papers

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Arrighetti, S., Gava, O., Brunori, G. (2014). Can Social Network Analysis help the implementation of joint actions in agriculture? Case study: social connectedness of farmers in the Italian province of Pisa (Tuscany). In Marotta G. and Nazaro C. (eds) CAP 2014-2020: Scenarios for European Agri-Food and Rural Systems. Proceedings of the 51st SIDEA Conference, September 18-20, 2014, Benevento, Italy, p. 323-332. Mantova (Italy): Universitas Studiorum. ISBN: 9788897683797

Bartolini, F., Brunori, G., Gava, O., Andreoli, M. (2015). Assessing the effectiveness of alternative designs of greening measures. The case of Tuscany region. Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Reconnecting Agriculture and Food Chains to Societal Needs – Agriculture in an Urbanizing Society, September 14-17, 2015, Rome, Italy.

Bartolini, F., Brunori, G., Marescotti, A., Gava, O., Galli, F. (2015). Sustainability Performance of Local vs Global Food Supply Chains: The Case of Bread Chains in Italy. In Proceedings of the 4th World Sustinability Forum, November 1–30, 2014. Sciforum Electronic Conference Series, 4, g008. DOI: 10.3390/wsf-4-g008

Bartolini, F., Gava, O., Brunori G. (2015). Assessing the ex-ante impact of the CAP post 2013 reform on land market. A case study in Tuscany region. In Marotta G. and Nazaro C. (eds) CAP 2014-2020: Scenarios for European Agri-Food and Rural Systems. Proceedings of the 51st SIDEA Conference,

September 18-20, 2014, Benevento, Italy, p. 81-88. Mantova (Italy): Universitas Studiorum. ISBN: 9788897683797

Bartolini, F., Gava, O., Brunori, G. (2015). The Potential Impact of Agroenergy on Sustainability. The Case Studyof Tuscany Region (Italy). Paper presented at the19th ICABR Conference "Impacts of the Bioeconomy on Agricultural Sustainability, the Environment and Human Health", June 16 - 19, 2015, Ravello, Italy

Galli, F., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G., Colombo, L., Gava, O., Grando, S. and Marescotti, A. (2014). Sustainability performance of local and global supply chains: a comparative assessment on bread. In Marotta G. and Nazaro C. (eds) CAP 2014-2020: Scenarios for European Agri-Food and Rural Systems. Proceedings of the 51st SIDEA Conference, September 18-20, 2014, Benevento, Italy, p. 171-184. Mantova (Italy): Universitas Studiorum. ISBN: 9788897683797

Galli, F., Bartolini, F., Brunori, F., Gava, O., Venturi, F., Zinnai, A., Andrich, G. (2015). Multidimensional performance-based approach for the assessment of Global and Local food chains: the GLAMUR project. In Grains for Feeding the World. Book of abstracts. Rome, Italy: Italian Association for Cereal Science and Technology (AISTEC). ISBN: 978-88906680-2-9

Gava, O., Galli, F., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G. (2014). Sustainability of local versus global bread supply chains: a literature review. Paper presented at the 3rd AIEAA Congress "Feeding the Planet and Greening Agriculture: Challenges and opportunities for the bio-economy", June 25-27, 2014, Alghero, Italy. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/173096

Gava, O., Andreoli, M., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G. (2015). CAP post-2013: alternative greening designs in Tuscany (Italy). In Proceedings of the 4thAIEAA Conference "Innovation, productivity and

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growth: towards sustainable agri-food production", June 11-12, 2015, Ancona, Italy. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/207359

Gava, O., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G. (2015). Spatial impacts and sustainability of farm biogas diffusion in Italy. Paper presented at the EAAE Seminar 150 "The spatial dimension in analysing the linkages between agriculture, rural development and the environment", October 22-23, 2015, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Available from: http://agresearch.teagasc.ie/rerc/EAAE_papers.asp

Gava, O., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G. (2016). Sustainability of farm biogas diffusion in Italy. Paper presented at the Fifth AIEAA Congress “The changing role of regulation in the bio-based economy”, June 16-17, 2016, Bologna, Italy

Gava, O., Favilli, E., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G. (2016). Understanding the role of Agriculture Knowledge and Innovation System in the Italian agroenergy sector: the case of biogas adoption in Tuscany. Paper presented at the 158th EAAE Seminar “Euro-Mediterranean Cooperation in Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: Policies, Sustainability, Marketing and Trade”, September 8-9, 2016, Chania, Greece

Gava, O., Favilli, E., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G. (2016). Paper presented at the 53rd SIDEA Conference “The future of agriculture between globalization and local markets”, September 22-24, 2016, San Michele all’Adige/Bozen, Italy

Gava, O., Favilli, E., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G. (2016). Exploring the networks of knowledge retrieval in the farm biogas sector in Tuscany, Italy. Paper presented at the 3rd IEA Conference “Fostering agriculture innovation and business opportunities for rural renaissance”, October 27-28, 2016, Sofia, Bulgaria

Conference posters

Bartolini, F., Gava, O., Favilli, E., Prosperi, P., Vergamini, D., Brunori, G. (2016). Exploring the priorities of agricultural research in the EU. Poster presented at the 158th EAAE Seminar

“Euro-Mediterranean Cooperation in Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: Policies, Sustainability, Marketing and Trade”, September 8-9, 2016, Chania, Greece

Galli, F., Andrich, G., Bartolini, F., Brunori, F., Gava, O., Venturi, F., Zinnai, A. (2015). Nutritional value of bread in local and global chains. In Grains for Feeding the World. Book of abstracts. Rome, Italy: Italian Association for Cereal Science and Technology (AISTEC). ISBN: 978-88906680-2-9

Zinnai, A., Venturi, F., Sanmartin, C., D’Agata, M.,Taglieri, I., Brunori, F., Galli, F., Gava, O., Bartolini, F., Andrich, G.(2015). Effects of sourdough on bread properties (sensory and nutritional qualities and product shelf-life). In Grains for Feeding the World. Book of abstracts. Rome, Italy: Italian Association for Cereal Science and Technology (AISTEC). ISBN: 978-88906680-2-9

At the end of each of the three years, I delivered a seminar to the Academic Board for presenting my scientific activity.

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My thesis, written in English, is titled " Opportunities and Threats of Farm Biogas Diffusion at the Regional Level in Italy". The research had investigated the socio-economic implications of the diffusion of biogas in Tuscany, as a means for complying with the Renewables Directive of the EU (2020 energy targets).

Main research findings

Concerning economy, society, and the environment, the impacts of biogas installations involve increased demand for arable land to be used for energy cropping, and distributed generation of renewable energy, but low compliance with EU’s 2020 targets. Biogas adoption boosts farmers’ income, but may also drive the expansion of nitrogen spread areas, while negatively affecting farmland biodiversity. Land and water use change seem to have less important effects, occurring on reduced areas. From a policy perspective, the current CAP may drive the decision to invest in biogas, particularly when it comes to livestock farmers, who have large amounts of waste to get rid of. In general, farmers still perceive the investment as too risky, and would rather delay it to the next CAP framework. Most plants in Tuscany are managed by Energy Service Companies, which take on the investment, using capital originated from other business in the renewable energy sector. With respect to agroenergy from biogas, EU’s 2020 targets somewhat mismatch. Increasing agroenergy production may help the EU mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, by reducing the reliance on fossil sources, and raising farms’ profitability. However, sector’s economic sustainability depends on state’s incentives and most adopters are not farmers tout court. This could drive trade-offs between environmental and socio-economic impacts, particularly in areas where intensive livestock farming is not widespread.

PUBLICATIONS ON INDEXED JOURNALS AND SUBMISSIONS ORIGINATED FROM THESIS WORK

Bartolini, F., Angelini, L. G., Brunori, G., Gava, O. (2015). Impacts of the CAP2014–2020 on theAgroenergy Sector in Tuscany, Italy. Energies, 8(2), 1058-1079. DOI: 10.3390/en8021058

Gava, O., Favilli, E., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G.. Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System and business models in the biogas sector. The case of Tuscany (Italy). Journal of Rural Studies (2017),

SUBMITTED

Bartolini, F., Gava, O., Brunori, G., Biogas and EU’s 2020 targets. Evidence from a regional case study in Italy. Energy policy (2017), SUBMITTED

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Galli, F., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G., Colombo, L., Gava, O., Grando, S., Marescotti, A. (2015). Sustainability assessment of food supply chains: an application to local and global bread in Italy,

Agricultural and Food Economics, 3(1), 21. DOI: 10.1186/s40100-015-0039-0

Gava, O., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G. (2016). Factors in bread choice. Rivista di economia agraria, 71(1), 229-237. DOI: 10.13128/REA-18642

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Gava, O., Bartolini, F., Andreoli, M., Brunori, G. (2015). PAC 2014-2020: analisi dell'efficienza di disegni alternativi del greening in provincia di Grosseto, Agriregionieuropa, 11(42). Available from: http://agriregionieuropa.univpm.it/content/article/31/42/pac-2014-2020-analisi-dellefficienza-di-disegnialternativi-del-greening (In Italian)

Bartolini, F., Gava, O., Brunori, G. (2014). Impact of the CAP post 2013 on land market. The case of the Pisa province, International Agricultural Policy, 3, 31-42

OTHER SUBMISSIONS

Galli, F., Venturi, F., Bartolini, F., Gava, O., Zinnai, A., Sanmartin, C., Andrich, G., Brunori, G., How do processing practices impact on quality and nutritional value of bread? The Sourdough Tuscan Bread chain. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review (2017).

Bartolini, F., Gava, O., Brunori, G., Andreoli, M., Cost-effectiveness of “greening” the Common Agricultural Policy. An application to the Grosseto province (Italy). Land Use Policy (2016).

Bartolini, F., Gava, O., Brunori, G., Biogas and EU’s 2020 targets. Evidence from a regional case study in Italy, Energy Policy (2017).

Gava, O., Galli, F., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G., Selecting sustainability indicators for contrasting local with global food chains. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability (2017)

Gava, O., Favilli, E., Bartolini, F., Brunori, G.. Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System and business models in the biogas sector. The case of Tuscany (Italy). Journal of Rural Studies (2017)

Pisa, March 24th 2017 The PhD candidate

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