• Non ci sono risultati.

Performances Issue's Analysis of an Innovative Low Concentrated Solar Panel for Energy Production in Buildings

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Condividi "Performances Issue's Analysis of an Innovative Low Concentrated Solar Panel for Energy Production in Buildings"

Copied!
8
0
0

Testo completo

(1)

1876-6102 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ATI 2014 doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.055 Energy Procedia 81 ( 2015 ) 22 – 29

ScienceDirect

WK&RQIHUHQFHRIWKH,WDOLDQ7KHUPDO(QJLQHHULQJ$VVRFLDWLRQ$7,

3HUIRUPDQFHVLVVXH¶VDQDO\VLVRIDQLQQRYDWLYHORZFRQFHQWUDWHG

VRODUSDQHOIRUHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQLQEXLOGLQJV



$OHVVDQGUR&DSSHOOHWWL

*

$GULDQR6SDGL



$OEHUWR5HDWWL





CREAR (Centro Ricerca Energie Alternative e Rinnovabili)

1 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIEF) - Università degli Studi di Firenze 2 Dipartimento di Ingeneria dell’informazione (DINFO) - Università degli Studi di Firenze

Via S. Marta, 3 - 50139 Florence - Italy

$EVWUDFW 7KHEXLOGLQJVDUHWKHFDXVHVRIDERXWDWKLUGRISULPDU\HQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQLQ(XURSHDQGJHQHUDOO\WKH\VDWLVI\ WKHLUHQHUJ\QHHGVE\WKHFRQQHFWLRQWRWKHRXWVLGHZLWKDFRPSOH[GLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHP 7KHPDLQVRXUFHVIRUWKLVHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQFRPHVIURPWKHFRPEXVWLRQRIQRQUHQHZDEOHIXHOVDVQDWXUDOJDVRU FRDOWKLVZD\SUHVHQWVDUHOHYDQWLPSDFWRQWKHHQYLURQPHQWDWGLIIHUHQWOHYHOV6RODUHQHUJ\FRXOGDOORZUHGXFLQJWKH EXLOGLQJ¶VLPSDFWRQWKHJOREDOSULPDU\HQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQDQGFRQVHTXHQWO\RQWKHHQYLURQPHQWEXWJHQHUDOO\WKH VRODUV\VWHPVDUHVHOHFWLYHDERXWWKHLURXWSXWRURQO\WKHUPDORURQO\HOHFWULFLW\,QWKLVFRQWHVWWKHORZFRQFHQWUDWHG VRODUWHFKQRORJ\FRXOGEHDQLQWHUHVWLQJZD\WRFRPELQHWKHWZRRXWSXWVZLWKHDV\LQWHJUDWLRQLQWKHEXLOGLQJZLWK ORZLPSDFWRQWKHDUFKLWHFWXUH

7KH SDSHU GHVFULEHV WKH DQDO\VLV SHUIRUPHG RQ D ORZ FRQFHQWUDWLRQ VRODU V\VWHP WKLV XQLW KDV IRXU OLQHDU VHPL SDUDEROLFFRQFHQWUDWRUVDQGWKHVXQWUDFNLQJLVRQRQO\RQHURWDWLRQDOD[HV 7KHZRUNVWDUWVIURPDQDQDO\VLVRILQIOXHQFHRIWKHVXQDQJOHRQIRFXV¶VSRVLWLRQRQWKHUHFHLYHUE\DUD\VWUDFHFRGH 7KLVLVLPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHWKHFRQFHQWUDWRULVRQO\DOLHQDWHGZLWKRQHVXQDQJOHWKXVWKHVXQ¶VUD\VDUHQRWSHUSHQGLFXODU ZLWKWKHLQSXWVXUIDFH$SHUIRUPDQFHDQDO\VLVXVLQJWKHSUHYLRXVRXWFRPLQJDUHSHUIRUPHGRQDFRPSOHWHV\VWHP ZLWKWKHXVLQJRIWKHVXQSRVLWLRQGXULQJWKH\HDUVIRUDUHIHUHQFHORFDWLRQ7KHVWXG\FRPSDUHVWZRGLUHFWLRQIRUWKH WUDFNLQJ(VW:HVWDQG6RXWK1RUWKVRPHGLIIHUHQWGLVWDQFHVEHWZHHQWKHFRQFHQWUDWRUVDQGGLIIHUHQWWLOWDQJOHV  ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH6FLHQWLILF&RPPLWWHHRI$7, .H\ZRUGV&39VRODUHQHUJ\  &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO E-mail address:DOHVVDQGURFDSSHOOHWWL#XQLILLW

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

(2)

 1RPHQFODWXUH  &39 &RQFHQWUDWHG3KRWR9ROWDLF 39 3KRWR9ROWDLF Į 6RODU$OWLWXGHDQJOH Ȗ 6RODU$]LPXWKDQJOH i ,QFLGHQFHDQJOH 7LOW $QJOHEHWZHHQWKHJURXQGDQGWKHSDQHO ,QWURGXFWLRQ

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

2SHUDWLRQ DW KLJK FRQFHQWUDWLRQ IDFWRU FDQ UHGXFH HOHFWULFDO HQHUJ\ SURGXFWLRQ FDXVHG IURP KLJK RSHUDWLYH FHOO¶V WHPSHUDWXUHEHFDXVHWKHLUHIILFLHQF\GUDVWLFDOO\ZKHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHLVRYHUWKHƒ&7KHVROXWLRQLVWKHLQWURGXFLQJ RIDZDWHUFLUFXLWWKDWDOORZVOLPLWLQJWKHWHPSHUDWXUH *HQHUDOO\DWKHUPDOVRODUFRQFHQWUDWRUZRUNVDWJHQHUDOO\RYHUƒƒ&WRDOORZDJRRGHIILFLHQF\RIWKHV\VWHP >±@VRLWLVRYHUWKHDOORZHGRSHUDWLYHWHPSHUDWXUHOLPLWRIWKHVRODUFHOOV7KXVWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI397LVDWUDGH RIIEHWZHHQWKHSURGXFWLRQRIHOHFWULFDODQGWKHUPDOHQHUJ\ ,Q397VRODUFRQFHQWUDWRUWKHWKHUPDOHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQLVDFKLHYHGE\WKHUHFRYHU\RIWKHKHDWJHQHUDWHGE\WKH VRODUFHOOVDQGWKLVTXRWHRIHQHUJ\LVXVHGWRSURGXFHKRWZDWHU 7KHDLPRIWKLVZRUNLVWKHSUHOLPLQDU\SHUIRUPDQFHDQDO\VLVRQWKHFDSDELOLW\WRPDNHDYDLODEOHDFRQFHQWUDWHGVRODU IOX[RQWKHUHFHLYHU 0DQ\SRVVLEOHHUURUVLQIOXHQFHWKHFRUUHFWIRFXVHJWKHFRQVWUXFWLYHTXDOLW\RIWKHFRQFHQWUDWRUDQGWKHWUDFNLQJ HUURU7KHVHSUREOHPVDUHSHUIRUPDQFHLQIOXHQFLQJIRUKLJKFRQFHQWUDWLRQV\VWHPEXWD;V\VWHPLVDEOHWRHQGXUH ELJJHUIRFXVHUURUV

1.1. The device description

7KH DQDO\]HG V\VWHP )LJ  LV D OLQHDU VRODU FRQFHQWUDWLQJ V\VWHP >@ XVLQJ ORZ SURILOH SDUDEROLF UHIOHFWRU WR FRQFHQWUDWHWKHVRODUUDGLDWLRQLQWRDVWULQJRIPRQRFU\VWDOOLQHFHOOV>@ZLWKD[FRQFHQWUDWLRQIDFWRU

7KHFHOOVDUHFRROHGE\PHDQVRIZDWHUIORZLQJWKURXJKFRXQWHUIORZWZRSLSHVSODFHGLQWKHDOXPLQXPVRODUUHFHLYHU WKLVVROXWLRQLVDEOHWRUHGXFHWKHFHOO¶VWHPSHUDWXUHDQGLWSURYLGHVDWKHUPDOHQHUJ\UHFRYHU\IRUWKHSURGXFLQJRI GRPHVWLFKRWZDWHUWKLVVROXWLRQLVLPSOHPHQWHGE\RWKHUV\VWHPDVLQ5RVHOOHWDO>@

7KHGHYLFHLVDOLQHDUSDUDEROLFFRQFHQWUDWRUVLWLVPDGHLQJODVVILEHUDQGLWXVHVDVSHFLILFUHIOHFWLYHILOP

7KH UHFHLYLQJ DUHD IRU HDFK FRQFHQWUDWRUV FRXOG EH IURP  WR  P LW GHSHQGV IURP WKH OHQJWK RI HDFK

FRQFHQWUDWRU WKH WKHRUHWLFDO PD[LPDO HQHUJ\ LQSXW FRXOG EH IURP  WR  N: ZKHQ WKH V\VWHP LV SHUIHFWO\ DOLJQHG 7KHWUDFNLQJV\VWHPLVPRQRD[LDOV\VWHPDQGWKHPDLQGLUHFWLRQLVHVWZHVWWKHSDQHOLVLQFOLQHGRIƒZLWKWKH KRUL]RQWDOSODQHLWLVWKHDQJOHRIDJHQHULFGRPHVWLFURRILQ7XVFDQ\7KLVFRQILJXUDWLRQLQYROYHPHQWVDQRWSHUIHFW DOLJQPHQWZLWKWKHVXQRIWKHUHFHLYHUEXWLWLVDNQRZQOLPLWRIWKHVLQJOHWUDFNLQJD[LV>±@ $OOSKRWRYROWDLFOLQHDUFRQFHQWUDWRUWKDWXVHVDRQHD[LVVLPSOHUWUDFNHUSUHVHQWVWKHHIIHFWRI³HQGORVVHV´LVVXH>@ $SDUWRIWKHUHFHLYHULVQRWLOOXPLQDWHGWKXVLWUHGXFHGWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHV\VWHP7KLVVLWXDWLRQLVFULWLFDOIRUWKH

(3)

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

(4)

2.1. Rotation analysis

7KH DQDO\VLV SHUIRUPV VRPH GLVWXUEDQFHV RQ WKH SDUDEROD¶V SRVLWLRQ ZKLOH WKH UHFHLYHU DQG WKH UD\ GLUHFWLRQ LV PDLQWDLQHGIL[HG7KHDQJOHUDQJHLVIURPƒWRƒGHJUHHUHVSHFWHDFKD[LV   )LJ;$[LVURWDWLRQFDVHV 7KHJUDSKRI)LJVKRZVWKHHIIHFWRIWKHURWDWLRQVDURXQGWKH;D[LV7KHJUHHQOLQHVKRZWKHDYDLODEOHHQHUJ\IRU WKHFHOOWKHEOXHOLQHLVWKHHQHUJ\WKDWOLJKWWKHFHOO7KHYLROHWOLQHLVWKHFXWRIIWKLVFRQGLWLRQRFFXUVZKHQWKHFHOO LVOLJKWHGIRUOHVVRILWV7KHRSHUDWLYHUDQJHLVIURPƒWRƒZLWKDIODWUHVSRQVHIURPƒWRƒ 7KHLPDJHRI)LJDQG)LJVKRZWKHHIIHFWRIDURWDWLRQDURXQG<D[LVDQG=D[LVLQWKHVHFDVHVWKHVWXG\FRQVLGHUV WKHSRVVLELOLW\WKDWDQHQHUJ\VKDUHFDQJHWRQWKHDGMDFHQWFHOOV,QWKHLPDJHVWKHVHFHOOVDUHGHILQHG&HOO;RU&HOOV ±;7KHURWDWLRQHIIHFWRQWKHPDLQFHOOLVDOLQHDUGHFOLQHEXWWKHQH[WFHOOVUHFRYHUVWKHORVWHQHUJ\VRWKHJOREDO SHUIRUPDQFHDUHQRWVHQVLWLYHWRURWDWLRQRIWZRGHJUHH   )LJ<$[LVURWDWLRQFDVHV  )LJ=$[LVURWDWLRQFDVHV

(5)

2.2. Translations analysis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³i”EHWZHHQ6XQDQGWKHFRQFHQWUDWRU 7KLVDQJOHLVHYDOXDWHGE\WZRHTXDWLRQIRUWKHWZRWUDFNLQJRULHQWDWLRQV  (VW:HVWL DUVHQ VHQ ʌ±Į  FRVȖ   6XQDOWLWXGHL DUVHQ VHQĮ FRVȖ 

(6)

:KHUHWKHDQJOHĮLVDOWLWXGHDQGWKHDQJOHȖLVWKHD]LPXWKRIWKH6XQLQDVSHFLILFWLPHIURPJUDSKRI)LJ 7KLVJUDSKVVKRZWKHPRQWKO\DYHUDJHYDOXHRIWKHVXQSRVLWLRQIRUHYHU\KRXUV,QWKHD]LPXWK¶VJUDSKWKHDQJOH UHIHUHHVWRWKHVRXWKGLUHFWLRQLQWKHDOWLWXGHWKHDQJOHLVWKHKRUL]RQ  D E  )LJD 6XQDOWLWXGHDQJOHVDQGE 6XQ$]LPXWKDQJOHVLQ)ORUHQFH,WDO\

7KH DFWXDOGHYLFH LV OLPLWHG OHQJWK WKXV WKH HQGZDOO HIIHFW LV SUHVHQW >@ WKXV DSUHOLPLQDU\ UD\ WUDFH DQDO\VLV HYDOXDWHVDIXQFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHDQJOHi DQGWKH UHGXFWLRQRIDYDLODEOHHQHUJ\IRUWKHFRQFHQWUDWRU7KHJUDSKRI)LJ UHSRUWV WKH DYDLODEOH HQHUJ\ LQ IXQFWLRQRI WKH DQJOHi WKH HQHUJ\YDOXH LVUHIHUUHGWR WKH FDVHZLWK WKH VXQUD\V SHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHSDQHO   )LJ$YDLODEOH(QHUJ\9V$QJOHiUHVSHFWPD[LPDODYDLODEOH 7KHHQHUJ\HYDOXDWLRQLVSURGXFHGWKURXJKWKHHTXLYDOHQWKRXURIPD[LPDOSRZHURXWSXWWKHSURFHGXUHFDOFXODWHVWKH DYHUDJHYDOXHRIVXQKRXUVXVLQJWKHVXQSRVLWLRQDQJOHVWKHLQFLGHQWDQJOHRQWKHGHYLFHDQGWKHDYDLODEOHHQHUJ\ FXUYHDIWHULWFRQVLGHUVWKHRIHIILFLHQF\RI39FHOOV 2XWSXWIURPWKLVHYDOXDWLRQVKRZVDQHOHFWULFHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQRIN:KWKH(VW:HVWWUDFNLQJDQGN:KIRU WKH6XQDOWLWXGHFDVHV

3.1. Shading between devices effect

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

(7)

  )LJ$YDLODEOHHQHUJ\9VGHYLFHGLVWDQFH(VW:HVWFDVH    )LJ$YDLODEOHHQHUJ\9VGHYLFHGLVWDQFH6XQDOWLWXGHFDVH

3.2. Tilt angle effect

7KHVHFRQGHIIHFWWKDWQHHGVWREHFRQVLGHUHGLVWKHWLOWDQJOHWKHGHYLFHLVGHYHORSHGIRUUHVLGHQWLDOXVHZKHUHLWFRXOG EHLQVWDOOHGRQDURRI)RUVLPSOLILFDWLRQWKHWLOWDQJOHLVDGGHGGLUHFWO\WRWKHVXQDOWLWXGHDQJOHWKLVLVDIRUPDOHUURU EXWLWVHIIHFWVDUHLQIOXHQFLQJRQO\LQWKHFDVHVZLWKKLJKD]LPXWKDEVROXWHDQJOHZKHUHWKHGHYLFHGRHVQRWZRUN 7KHJUDSKRI)LJUHSRUWVWKHFRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHWZRWUDFNLQJZD\DERXWWKHHOHFWULFHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQLQD \HDUV7KH(VW:HWFDVHSUHVHQWVLWVSHDNEHWZHHQƒLWLVDQH[SHFWHGUHVXOWEHFDXVHWKHUHIHUHQFHODWLWXGHLV ƒ 7KH6XQDOWLWXGHFDVHVKRZVDQLQVHQVLELOLW\IRUDQJOHELJJHUWKDQƒEXWIRUVPDOOHUDQJOHVWKHSURGXFWLRQSUHVHQWV DQHYLGHQWGHFD\+RZHYHUWKHW\SLFDOURRIDQJOHLVEHWZHHQDQGƒWKXVWKH(VWZHVWWUDFNLQJSUHVHQWVDELJJHU SURGXFWLRQ   )LJ(IIHFWRIWKHWLOWDQJOHRQHOHFWULFHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQIRURQH\HDUV

(8)

&RQFOXVLRQV

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±GRLMDSHQHUJ\ >@-.DUQL$.ULEXV3'RURQ55XELQ$)LWHUPDQ'6DJLH7KH',$35$+LJK3UHVVXUH+LJK7HPSHUDWXUH6RODU5HFHLYHU-6RO(QHUJ\ (QJ  GRL >@'0LOOV$GYDQFHVLQVRODUWKHUPDOHOHFWULFLW\WHFKQRORJ\6RO(QHUJ\  ±GRL6;  

>@-6 &RYHQWU\ 3HUIRUPDQFH RI D FRQFHQWUDWLQJ SKRWRYROWDLFWKHUPDO VRODU FROOHFWRU 6RO (QHUJ\    ± GRLMVROHQHU >@':HLQVWRFN-$SSHOEDXP6KDGRZYDULDWLRQRQSKRWRYROWDLFFROOHFWRUVLQDVRODUILHOGLQUG,(((&RQY(OHFWU(OHFWURQ(QJ,VU ,(((SS±GRL(((, >@$5HDWWL0%HOWUDPLQL;FRQFHQWUDWLQJ39V\VWHPZLWKWKHUPDOHQHUJ\UHFRYHU\IRUUHVLGHQWLDODSSOLFDWLRQVLQ3URF:RUOG5HQHZ (QHUJ\&RQJU;([KLE >@-,5RVHOO;9DOOYHUG~0D/HFKyQ0,EixH]'HVLJQDQGVLPXODWLRQRIDORZFRQFHQWUDWLQJSKRWRYROWDLFWKHUPDOV\VWHP(QHUJ\&RQYHUV 0DQDJ  ±GRLMHQFRQPDQ >@%*%XUGXKRV,7DWX(QHUJ\&RPSDULVRQRI396\VWHPVZLWK0RQRDQG%LD[LDO3VHXGRHTXDWRULDO7UDFNLQJ0HFKDQLVPVLQWK:RUOG &RQJU0HFK0DFK6FL*XDQDMXDWR0p[LFR-XQHSS±

>@= /L ; /LX 5 7DQJ 2SWLFDO SHUIRUPDQFH RI YHUWLFDO VLQJOHD[LV WUDFNHG VRODU SDQHOV 5HQHZ (QHUJ\    ± GRLMUHQHQH >@9('RPEL,9LVD'9'LDFRQHVFX009DWDVHVFX1,7DWX(QHUJ\UHVSRQVHRIDPRQRD[LVWUDFNHGVRODUWKHUPDOFROOHFWRUZLWKYDFXXP WXEHVLQ,QW&RQI5HQHZ(QHUJLHV3RZHU4XDO >@/6HUUL0%HOWUDPLQL$5HDWWL'(QHUJHWLFD),QJHJQHULD960DUWD'HVLJQDQGRSWLPL]DWLRQRIDSULQWHGFLUFXLWERDUGIRUDSKRWRYROWDLF DQGWKHUPDOOLQHDUVRODUFRQFHQWUDWRU3RZHU(OHFWURQ$SSO(3(¶WK(XU&RQI  ± >@(1($(1($$WODQWHLWDOLDQRGHOODUDGLD]LRQHVRODUH  KWWSZZZVRODULWDO\HQHDLW

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

Since the Buchberger algorithm implemented with MAPLE turns out to be more efficient when running by usual term orders, the use of global procedures PolyMilnor and PolyTyurina has to

Quando Odisseo prenderà di nuovo il mare, nella coincidenza di desiderio e destino, Nausicaa – come ho già mostrato – gli griderà: “Ricordati di me che per prima ti ho

il prossimo che questa soggettività può emergere, in una prassi in cui nell’amore per il prossimo si conciliano legge e desiderio, abbandonando quella

Si hemos de contrastar estos dos modos de hacer poesía impro- visada se hace necesario recalcar el carácter formalizado y canónico de la Gara, sus partes estructurales inalterables

Tanto Leonardo si sofferma nella descrizione delle sue circonvoluzioni, da porre egli stesso all’origine di tale interesse un ricor- do personale risultato poi degno dell’analisi

(However, the difference was not significant.) – For students with lower abilities, aural information was better in any case... – Test performance for pictorial based

While the generation of the prompt SGRB emission still remains a matter of debate, in the present paper we focus on predicting X-ray afterglow light curves and spectra for both

Il corpus è composto da una serie di schede che sono strutturate in modo tale da dare una visione generale dello statuto attuale delle raccolte analizzatevi. La decisione di