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13 S97CB8C IBniADCGH5NiCB9 H9CFi75 DFCDFi5 89ll5 l9NiCB9 8i HI69FH D5AiG7h. 14 G5;9 1999, D. 69; D9F l5 BCNiCB9 8i ?hFCG 7:F. C5F5GHFC 20095.
15 G5;9 1999, D9F l5 F9l5HiJ5 6i6liC;F5:i5 7:F. iB 8., BCH5 10, D. 282. 16 S9A9F5BC 1994, D. 370.
65G9, iB ;F58C 8i HF5G79B89F9 l9 8i::9F9BN9 liB;IiGHi7h9, :CB85HC GI JiB7Cli 6iClC;i7i 9 :iGiClC;i7i IBiJ9FG5li 9 CF;5BiNN5HC G97CB8C IB5 lC;i75 7F9G79BH9 8i 7CADl9GGiHR. K5M GD97i:i7ò21 iBClHF9 7h9 V F9l5HiJ5A9BH9 iB8i::9F9BH9 GH56iliF9 G9 Gi5 l5 :iGiClC;i5 5 iB:lI9BN5F9 l5 liB;I5 C Ji79J9FG5, A9BHF9 FiA5FF9669 8iACGHF5H5 IB5 H9B89BN5 B5HIF5l9 5 BCAiB5F9 i 7ClCFi 9 l9 lCFC 8iGHiBNiCBi :CB85A9BH5li Fi7CBCG79B8C 5l7IB9 5F99 7FCA5Hi7h9 8i 65G9, 5l 8i lR 89ll9 J5Fi5NiCBi liB;IiGHi7h9 9 7IlHIF5li22. NCBCGH5BH9 ;li 9Ji89BHi liAiHi, H5l9 GHI8iC 7CBHiBI5 5 GIG7iH5F9 IB DFC:CB8C iBH9F9GG9 9 58 5BiA5F9 5B7CF5 BIA9FCGi 8i65HHiHi23; G97CB8C '5GHCIF95I Gi HF5HH5 8i IB G5;;iC ;iIGH5A9BH9 7FiHi75HC, A5 7h9 h5 5JIHC il A9FiHC 8i 7CBHFi6IiF9 5l Fil5B7iC 89;li GHI8i GIl 7ClCF9 iB J5Fi9 8iG7iDliB924.
,BC 89i 85Hi Dia iBH9F9GG5BHi Fi;I5F85 i DFiAi HF9 H9FAiBi 8i B9FliB 9 K5M
- :5G9 il 6lI; B9ll5 - :5G9 il A5FFCB9; B9ll5 - :5G9 il DCFDCF5 C il FCG5 C ln5F5B7iCB9 C il ;Fi;iC, CDDIF9 8iJ9FGi 8i EI9GHi 7ClCFi, GiBC 5l 7CADl9H5A9BHC 89ll5 G9Fi9 89;li IB8i7i JC756Cli k:CB85A9BH5lil. EDDIF9, G97CB8C liB;IiGHi 98 9HBC;F5:i, B9ll5 :5G9 l9 liB;I9 F5F5A9BH9 CD9F5BC IB5 8iGHiBNiCB9 HF5 kB9FCl 9 k6i5B7Cl, 8iG7FiAiB5B8C DiIHHCGHC HF5 7ClCFi kG7IFil 9 klIAiBCGil, C k:F988il 9 k75l8il, C kIAi8il 9 kG977hil, 7:F. G5;9 1993, D. 79, CJ9 lC GHI8iCGC GCGHi9B9 7h9 il DIBHC Dia iBGC88iG:579BH9, 89lln5DDFC77iC 5l liB;I5;;iC 7FCA5Hi7C 85 D5FH9 8i B9FliB 9 K5M, FiGi985 B9lln5GGIBHC G97CB8C il EI5l9 i GC;;9HHi, GCHHCDCGHi 5l H9GH, FiGDCB85BC iB AC8C kB5HIF5l9l 5ll5 DF9G9BH5NiCB9 89ll9 H9GG9F9 8i Dl5GHi75 7ClCF5H5 IHiliNN5H9 B9l GiGH9A5 MIBG9ll 58CHH5HC 85i Fi79F75HCFi, GiGH9A5 89FiJ5BH9 9GGC GH9GGC 85;li 5GGIBHi CHHC79BH9G7hi GIi 7ClCFi kDFiA5Fil. EA6l9A5Hi75 iB H5l 75GC lnCGG9FJ5NiCB9 89lln5BHFCDClC;C M5FGh5ll S5hliBG (1976, D. 12), 7CBH9BIH5 B9l :5ACGC G5;;iC CClCFG 5B8 CIlHIF9G: fA G9AiCHi7 Hh9CFM C: 7ClCF IBiJ9FG5lG AIGH H5?9 :CF kGi;Bi:i75B79l 9L57HlM Kh5H 7ClCFG 8C A95B iB hIA5B GC7i9Hi9G. Th9M 8C BCH A95B MIBG9ll 7hiDGg.
21 K5M 2001, D. 52.
22 C:F. A;B9llC 2013, DD. 51-3, iB 7Ii l5 GHI8iCG5 GCHHCliB95 7CA9 l5 A9HC8ClC;i5 G7i9BHi:i75
58CHH5H5 85 B9FliB 9 K5M FiGIlHi C;;i :CFH9A9BH9 7FiHi756il9 9 8iG7IHi6il9. B D5FHi7Cl5F9, lni895 7h9 ln9JClINiCB9 89ll9 GC7i9HR 9 89ll9 liB;I9 DFC7985 85l G9ADli79 5l 7CADl9GGC, V IB5 7CB79NiCB9 9HBC79BHFi75 9 i89ClC;i75 89lln9JClINiCB9 IA5B5 5lH5A9BH9 7FiHi756il9; CDDIF9 l9 AC85liHR 5HHF5J9FGC 7Ii ;li GHI8iCGi h5BBC 7hi9GHC 5i GC;;9HHi iBH9FJiGH5Hi 8i Fi7CBCG79F9 9 BCAiB5F9 i 7ClCFi (BCB 5 D5FHiF9 85l lCFC 5A6i9BH9 EICHi8i5BC A5 85 IBC G7h9A5 5GHF5HHC 7CA9 EI9llC 89ll9 H9GG9F9 8i MIBG9ll), GH5775B8C l5 BCNiCB9 8i 7ClCF9 85 EI5lGi5Gi Fi:9FiA9BHC 7IlHIF5l9. B:iB9, i GC;;9HHi GCHHCDCGHi 5 9GD9FiA9BHC, G9669B9 D5Fl5GG9FC J9BHi liB;I9 8iJ9FG9, 9F5BC HIHHi 56iH5BHi 89ll5 65i5 8i S5B FF5B7iG7C. ,Bn5F95 ;9C;F5:i75 9Ji89BH9A9BH9 HFCDDC liAiH5H5 D9F F9B89F9 7CBHC 8i IB5 H9FAiBClC;i5 IBiJ9FG5l9. ,BniBH9F9GG5BH9 Fi:l9GGiCB9 GIi H9FAiBi 89Gi;B5BHi 7ClCF9 V iB G5;9 1988.
23 ,BC GHFIA9BHC 5;;iCFB5HC FiA5B9 ABHhFCDClC;M C: 7ClCF, BH9F8iG7iDliB5FM AIlHil9J9l AC89liB;, 5 7IF5 8i M57L5IFM, '5F5A9i, D98Fi7? (2007).
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,B5 8iJ9FG5 98 9::i7579 DFCGD9HHiJ5, H9G5 5 GID9F5F9 l5 8i5l9HHi75 HF5 25 G5;9 1993, D. 79. 26 LI7M, S7hK989F 1979. 27 Hj9lAGl9J 1961, D. 58. 28 .iHH;9BGH9iB 1977. 29 1966. 30 1977, D. 27. 31 i6., D. 78.
IBiJ9FG5liGAC 9 F9l5HiJiGAC, Ji9B9 DFCDCGH5 85ll5 G9AiCHi75, G97CB8C 7Ii i 7ClCFi GCBC F95lHR A5Bi:9GH9 89l ACB8C32. AHHF5J9FGC G9l9NiCB5Hi AC89lli iBH9FDF9H5HiJi 9 75H9;CFi9 8i 5B5liGi33, V DCGGi6il9 7CADF9B89F9 7CA9 il G9BGC 89i 7ClCFi Gi 5FHi7Cli B9l 7CFGC 89ll5 GHCFi5.
,B G5;;iC 5DD5FGC B9l 1985, 5 :iFA5 8i ,A69FHC E7C, HCK 7IlHIF9
7CB8iHiCBG Hh9 7ClCF K9 G99 DFCGD9HH5J5 IB5 DiGH5 8i Fi79F75 FiJ9l5H5Gi l5 Dia
DFC:i7I5, C;;i 7CA9 5llCF534. AB5liNN5B8C IB 6F5BC HF5HHC 85ll9 NCHHi AHHi7h9 ( , 26) 8i AIlC G9lliC ( G97ClC 8.C), IB 8i5lC;C :F5 il ;F5AA5Hi7C FFCBHCB9 9 il :ilCGC:C F5JCFiBC GIll5 H9FAiBClC;i5 l5HiB5 89i 7ClCFi, ln5IHCF9 GCHHCliB95 7CA9 DIF FiHFCJ5B8CGi iB DF9G9BN5 8i H9FAiBi liB;IiGHi7i, BCB Gi5 DCGGi6il9 G5D9F9 EI5li :CGG9FC ;li 9::9HHi 7FCA5Hi7i 7Ii EI9ll9 A989GiA9 D5FCl9 Gi Fi:9FiG7CBC. D5H5 l5 Fil9J5BN5, FiH9Bi5AC CDDCFHIBC FiD9F7CFF9F9 85 Ji7iBC 5l7IBi 6F5Bi 8i EI9GHC 7CFDCGC G5;;iC.
N9l 89HH5;liC, F5JCFiBC GCGHi9B9 7h9 ;li C77hi GCBC iB ;F58C 8i iGCl5F9 AClHi Dia 7ClCFi 8i EI9lli 7h9 l9 D5FCl9 Fi9G75BC 58 9GDFiA9F9. )CGGC (FI:IG) 9 J9F89 (JiFi8iG) h5BBC GClC 8I9 H9FAiBi 9 C;BIBC 8i EI9GHi H9FAiBi iB8i75 GD97i9 7FCA5Hi7h9 AClHC 8iJ9FG9. E7C :5 BCH5F9 7CA9 il D9FGCB5;;iC GHi5 EIi iBHFC8I79B8C iB7CBG5D9JClA9BH9 l5 8iGHiBNiCB9 G7i9BHi:i75 AC89FB5 HF5
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IB5 8iG7FiAiB5NiCB9 D9F79HHiJ5 89i 7ClCFi, 8i 5A6iHC :iGiClC;i7C, BCB 89l HIHHC
32 FlC7h 1979; B9l 7CBHFi6IHC, IBC GHI8iC GIl FIClC 89l 7FCA5HiGAC B9l FCA5BNC 8i E. !cB;9F,
SIll9 G7C;li9F9 8i A5FAC, ln5IHCF9 8iACGHF5 8I9 H9Gi DF97989BH9A9BH9 9GDCGH9 (FlC7h 19785, i8. 19786) F5::iB5B8C IBC GHFIA9BHC iBH9FDF9H5HiJC 85ll5 A5GGiA5 Fil9J5BN5: l5 :i;IF5 7FCA5Hi75. T5l9 H9FAiB9, 85 GCGHiHIiF9 5 EI9llC 8i 7ClCF9 C HiBH5, Gi DF9GH5 A5;;iCFA9BH9 58 9GDFiA9F9 il 75F5HH9F9 7CADCGHC 9 7CADCB9BH9 8i C;Bi IBiHR 7FCA5Hi75, il 7Ii Gi;Bi:i75HC Ji9B9 7CBGi89F5HC 5 D5FHiF9 85i 7CBH9GHi 9BHFC 7Ii 9GGC Fi7CFF9, 7:F. FlC7h 2006, DD.13-4.
S5FR iBH9F9GG5BH9 BCH5F9 7h9 iB IB 5lHFC H9GHC :CB85A9BH5l9 D9F l9 BCGHF9 Fi79F7h9, l5 SHCFi5 89i 7ClCFi (1983) 8i M5BliC BFIG5HiB, ln5IHCF9 Fi7CFF9 5l H9FAiB9 8i :i;IF9 D9F iB8i75F9 i 7ClCFi 9 D9F G5B7iFB9 l5 lCFC 5IHCBCAi5: f 7ClCFi BCB GCBC l5 F95lHR 89i 7CFDi, BCB GCBC l5 JiH5, BU 9G5HH5A9BH9 IB5 l9;;9 89ll5 B5HIF5; 9GGi GCBC il Fi:l9GGC 8i IBn5GHF5NiCB9 89ll5 B5HIF5, ln5FHi:i7iC B9ll5 B5HIF5, 7iCV 89ll9 :i;IF9g.
33 ,lH9FiCFi GHFIA9BHi 8i 5B5liGi 7CB79FB9BHi l5 8iA9BGiCB9 7FCA5Hi75 J9B;CBC GJilIDD5Hi iB
ThcFl9A5BB 1982; D9F IB5 GiBH9Gi GI;li GHFIA9BHi 89ll5 G9AiCHi75 L9CB9 2007.
34 l G5;;iC 89l 1985 5DD5FJ9 iB liB;I5 iH5li5B5 GClC 8i97i 5BBi 8CDC, 7:F. E7C 1995, l G9BGC
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1. Il fenomeno di riduzione croma ica come problema
s oriografico: lessico e erminologia
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49 KF5i?9F 1950, DD. 14 G;;., 21 G;;., D9 C5FC 1999, D. 140. 50 NH, ///-, 117.
51 l 7iB56FC, GCl:IFC FCGGC 8i A9F7IFiC (H;S), Gi HFCJ5 iB B5HIF5 C Gi DF9D5F5 5FHi:i7i5lA9BH9.
Si HF5HH5 8i IB Di;A9BHC 7h9 BCB DF9G9BH5 F9GiGH9BN5 5ll5 lI79 B5HIF5l9, l5 EI5l9 DIò F9B89FlC 8i 7ClCF9 B9FC, F5;iCB D9F 7Ii -iHFIJiC B9 7CBGi;li5 lniADi9;C iB lIC;hi 7hiIGi C DF9G7FiJ9 ln5DDli75NiCB9 8i IB FiJ9GHiA9BHC DFCH9HHiJC 5 65G9 8i 79F5 DIBi75 (-iHFIJiC - , 9, 2-3); 'liBiC 5::9FA5 7h9 il 7CAAiHH9BH9 lC GCAAiBiGHF5J5 5 GI9 GD9G9 5lln5FHiGH5 (NH, ///, 30); C9BBiBC C9BBiBi, B9 l li6FC 89llm5FH9, 898i75 5l 7iB56FC il 75DiHClC /L, 9 A9HH9 iB ;I5F8i5 85llniBGH56iliHR 89l Di;A9BHC kA5 Hi9Bi 5 A9BH9 7h9 l5 B5HIF5 GI5 BCB V 8i J989F9 5Fi5, A5 Dia GCGHi9B9 iB H5JCl5 7h9 AIFC; D9FC77hU D9F lIB;h9NN5 8i H9ADC, GH5B8C 5lln5Fi5, Ji9B B9FCl 7:F. C9BBiBi /- G97ClC, DD. 40-2; BFiB?A5BB 2004, D. 319, DF97iG5 7h9 B9l M98iC9JC H5l9 Di;A9BHC :I 8CH5HC 8i IB5 D9lli7Cl5 DFCH9HHiJ5 8i l5775 8i FC66i5 5l :iB9 8i F9B89F9 Dia 8IF5HIF5 l5 HCB5liHR FCGG5-5F5B7iCB9.
liB9952. N9ll5 :5G9 GI779GGiJ5 Gi D5GGò 5llniADi9;C 8i GiB;Cli 7ClCFi, D9FH5BHC l5 DiHHIF5 :I 89HH5 ACBC7hFCA5HCB, l5 EI5l9 FiGIlH5J5 5B7CF5 DF5Hi75H5 5lln9DC75 89lln5IHCF9:
D9 Di7HIF5 iBiHiiG iB79FH5 B97 iBGHiHIHi CD9FiG EI59GHiC 9GH.A9;MDHii G9L Aili6IG 5BBC FIA 5DIH iDGCG iBJ9BH5A, DFiIGEI5A iB GF597i5A HF5BGi;9, 58:iFA5BH, J5B5 DF598i75HiCB9, IH D5l5A 9GH; GF597i 5IH9A 5lii SM7MCB9, 5lii 5DIH CCFiBHhiCGB F9D9FH5A, CAB9G IA6F5 hCAiBiG liB9iG 7iF7IA8I7H5, iH5EI9 DFiA5A H5l9A, G97IB85A GiB;IliG 7ClCFi6IG 9H ACBC7hFCA5HCB 8i7H5A, DCGHEI5A CD9FCGiCF iBJ9BH5 9F5H, 8IF5HEI9 H5liG 9Hi5A BIB7 (NH, ///-, 15)
l 6F5BC GI779GGiJC FiJ9l5 IBn9GDF9GGiCB9 iB ;F58C 8i DCH9F 89:iBiF9 CFA5i lC GH5HIHC CBHClC;i7C 89i ACBC7hFCA5H5, l5 lCFC i89BHi:i75NiCB9 9 EI5li:i75NiCB9 7iCV 7CA9 ;9B9F9 DiHHCFi7C.
(Ii6IG 7ClCFi6IG GiB;IliG DFiAi DiBLiGG9BH 8iLiAIG, 7IA 89iiG Di;A9BHiG HF589F9AIG iB A9H5lliG, EI59 ACBC7hFCA5H5 5 ;9B9F9 Di7HIF59 JC75BHIF. (Ii 89iB89 9H EI5 iBJ9B9FiBH 9H EIi6IG H9ADCFi6IG, 8i79AIG iB A9BHiCB9 5FHi:i7IA, EICHi5AC iB8i75F9 B5HIF5G 7ClCFIA DFiCF 75IG5 CD9FiG iBGHiHIHi 9GH. T5B89A G9 5FG iDG5 8iGHiBLiH 9H iBJ9BiH lIA9B 5HEI9 IA6F5G, 8i::9F9BHi5 7ClCFIA 5lH9FB5 Ji79 G9G9 9L7iH5BH9. 'CGH95 89iB89 58i97HIG 9GH GDl9B8CF, 5liIG hi7 EI5A lIA9B. (IC8 iBH9F h597 9H IA6F5G 9GG9H, 5DD9ll5FIBH HCBCB, 7CAAiGGIF5G J9FC 7ClCF9A 9H HF5BGiHIG h5FAC;9B (NH, ///-, 29)
L9 Fi:l9GGiCBi GJClH9 85 'liBiC H9GHiACBi5BC ln9GiGH9BN5 8i IBn5BHi75 DF5Hi75 DiHHCFi75 l5 7Ii F95liNN5NiCB9 iADli75J5 lnIHiliNNC 8i GiB;Cli 7ClCFi (7ClCFi6IG
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GU GH9GG5 (5FG iDG5) ;iIBG9 5 8iGHiB;I9F9 9 G7CDFiF9 l5 lI79 9 lnCA6F5 (lIA9B
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FiGIlH5J5 57IiH5 9 GHiACl5H5 85ll5 lCFC 5lH9FB5 ;iIGH5DDCGiNiCB9. B G9;IiHC, :I iBHFC8CHHC ln9::9HHC 8i Fi:l9GGC, 7h9 HF59 CFi;iB9 85ll5 lIAiBCGiHR (GDl9B8CF), 5lHF5 7CG5, GCHHCliB95 'liBiC, FiGD9HHC 5ll5 lI79 (lIA9B). SI779GGiJ5A9BH9
52 '9F IB 5DDFC:CB8iA9BHC 89ll5 H9A5Hi75 l9;5H5 5llniADCFH5BN5 89llnCA6F5 iB DiHHIF5, iB
:IFCBC 7hi5A5Hi kHCBil (HòBCG) lniBH9FJ5llC HF5 l5 lI79 9 lnCA6F5 9 kh5FAC;Vl il 7CBH5HHC 9 i D5GG5;;i 89i 7ClCFi.
A BCGHFC 5JJiGC, 'liBiC GH5 89G7FiJ9B8C l5 GHCFi5 89ll5 DiHHIF5 G97CB8C IB DFC79GGC 9JClIHiJC53, 7h9 7CBCG79 IB ACA9BHC 8i GJClH5 7CB lniBHFC8INiCB9 9 l5 G7CD9FH5 89l 7hi5FCG7IFC 9 7h9 Fi9G79 5 ;iIB;9F9 GiBC 5ll5 DiHHIF5 HCB5l9, D5GG5B8C 85l Dia FI8iA9BH5l9 7CBHF5GHC HF5 l5 G5HIF5NiCB9 89ll9 HiBH9, 5ll5 J5lCFiNN5NiCB9 89ll5 lCFC lIAiBCGiHR.
LnCDDCFHIBiHR 8i 'liBiC 8i 7iA9BH5FGi B9ll5 GH9GIF5 8i 6F5Bi 7CB79FB9BHi i
ACBC7hFCA5H5, 5llniBH9FBC 8i IB HF5HH5HC GD97i5liGHi7C 5 JC75NiCB9
9B7i7lCD98i75, B9 F9B89 A5Bi:9GH5 ln9::9HHiJ5 DCGGi6iliHR 8i 7CADF9BGiCB9 9 D9F79NiCB9 85 D5FH9 89i GICi 7CBH9ADCF5B9i 7CA9 IB5 :CFA5 8n5FH9 69B 89:iBiH5, 75F5HH9FiNN5H5, Fi7CBCG7i6il9: IB ;9B9F9 Di7HIF59. TF5 i 8iJ9FGi 5FHiGHi Fi7CF85Hi EI5li 5IHCFi 8i H5li 8iDiBHi, 'liBiC A9BNiCB5 19IGi, D5FHi7Cl5FA9BH9 BCHC D9F 5J9F F95liNN5HC 89i kACBC7hFCA5H5 9L 5l6Cl54, CD9F9 7iCV 9G9;IiH9 GI :CB8C 6i5B7C55. (I9GHnIlHiAC D5GGC DliBi5BC BCB DIò Fi:9FiFGi 5 IB5 H97Bi75 DFCDFi5 8i IBC GH58iC DFiAiHiJC 89ll5 DiHHIF5, 85l ACA9BHC 7h9 Gi Fi:9FiG79 5 19IGi, JiGGIHC B9ll5 G97CB85 A9HR 89l - G97ClC 5. C56.
N9l 89HH5;liC, ln9GDF9GGiCB9 7h9 Fi:9FiG79 8i EI9GH5 8iGHiBH5 5HHiJiHR DiHHCFi75 89lln5BHi7C A59GHFC V GH5H5 H5lJClH5 iBH9FDF9H5H5 7CA9 9G97INiCB9 8i IB 8iG9;BC DF9D5F5HCFiC, iB D5FHi7Cl5F9 DiHHIF9 7CB 7ClCF9 6i5B7C GI IB :CB8C G7IFC, A9BHF9 ':hIl 9 l5 A5;;iCF D5FH9 89ll5 7FiHi75, D9BG5BC DiIHHCGHC 7h9 Gi HF5HHi 8i DiHHIF9 GI :CB8C 6i5B7C. Si FiHi9B9 iBClHF9 7h9 i ACBC7hFCA5H5 8i 19IGi 8CJ9GG9FC Fi9BHF5F9 B9ll9 F9;Cl9 HF58iNiCB5li 89ll5 HiBH5 Di5HH5, CJ9 il HF577i5HC 89l 8iG9;BC 7CGHiHIiJ5 D5FH9 9GG9BNi5l9 9 F9GH5J5 JiGi6il9 :iBC 5 EI58FC :iBiHC57.
53 S97CB8C IB HCDCG l9HH9F5FiC 7h9 5JFR AClH5 :CFHIB5 B9ll5 GHCFiC;F5:i5 89ll9 5FHi, Gi D9BGi iB
D5FHi7Cl5F9 5ll9 -iH9 89l -5G5Fi.
54 NH, ///-, 64.
55 L9Di?-KCD57NMBG?5 (1954) 8iGHiB;I9 89i ACBC7FCAi 9G9;IiHi GI :CB8C 6i5B7C 5 H9AD9F5 C
5 9B75IGHC, 9 8i 9GGi B9 FiBHF577i5 IB Fi:l9GGC iB CD9F9 7CA9 l5 GH9l9 ACBIA9BH5l9 8i LMGi5G.
56 MCF9BC 1966.
57 89 M5FiBiG 1963; IB H9FAiB9 8i D5F5;CB9 DIò 9GG9F9 C::9FHC, G97CB8C 5l7IBi GHI8iCGi, 85
5l7IB9 CD9F9 85H56ili 5lln9HR 8i 19IGi. SCBC GH5H9 DFCDCGH9: l5 GH9l9 8i MB5GCB 8i T969, F5::i;IF5BH9 IB ;I9FFi9FC 5HH5775BH9, 5FA5HC 8i G7I8C FCHCB8C 9 l5B7i5, BCB7hU 8iJ9FG9 Dl577h9HH9 :F5AA9BH5Fi9 8n5JCFiC DFCJ9Bi9BHi 85 K9Fč, CF5 5l MIG9C 8i S5B 'i9HFC6IF;C, GIll9
S97CB8C IB5 HF58iNiCB9 DiIHHCGHC 7CBGCli85H5, ln5GD9HHC 89i 79l96Fi
ACBC7hFCA5H5 8i 19IGi DCHF9669 J9FCGiAilA9BH9 9GG9F 7ClHC B9i k7CGi889HHi ACBC7FCAil GI A5FAC 89l MIG9C AF7h9ClC;i7C N5NiCB5l9 8i N5DCli 9 89l
KIBGHhiGHCFiG7h9G MIG9IA 8i -i9BB558. 'FCJ9Bi9BHi 85 EF7Cl5BC 9 85 'CAD9i, H5li 8iDiBHi :IFCBC G7CD9FHi 8IF5BH9 7CBG97IHiJi G75Ji 5F7h9ClC;i7i F95liNN5Hi 5 D5FHiF9 85l 1749. NCB FiGIlH5 7hi5FC il lIC;C 8i FiBJ9BiA9BHC 5llniBH9FBC 89ll9 7iHHR, BU 8CJ9 :CGG9FC 7CllC75Hi B9;li 98i:i7i. S9 iB D5GG5HC :IFCBC FiH9BIHi CFi;iB5li 89ll5 :iB9 89l - G97ClC 5.C., C;;i Gi H9B89 DiIHHCGHC 5 iBH9FDF9H5Fli 7CA9 Fi:57iA9BHi 97l9HHi7i 8i HiDC 7l5GGi7iGHi7C, 7CB 85H5NiCBi 7h9 CG7ill5BC 85l G97ClC 5.C 5l G97ClC 8.C 59.
q CDDCFHIBC BCH5F9 7h9 5l7IBi 9G9ADl5Fi, ClHF9 5ll5 :CB85A9BH5l9 HiBH5 FCGG5, DF9G9BH5J5BC, G9DDIF iB AiBiA5 HF577i5, 5B7h9 5lHFi 7ClCFi, DIBHI5lA9BH9 BCH5Hi 85l JCB GF59J9 B9l 198460. Gli GHI8i F979BHi, 7CFF985Hi 85
EI5li Gi 8iGHiB;ICBC 5l7IB9 :i;IF9 8i 8iJiBiHR (AH9B5, A:FC8iH9), 9 IB5 EI58Fi;5 iB 7CFG5. L5 H97Bi75 V EI9ll5 8i IB 8iG9;BC ;F5::iHC Fi7CD9FHC 8i 7ClCF9.
58 L9BNi 2016 9 6i6liC;F5:i5 DF97989BH9; ln5IHFi79 898i75 IB iBH9F9GG5BH9 GHI8iC ACBC;F5:i7C
5l 7CFDIG 89i k7CGi889HHi ACBC7FCAil, 8C8i7i 8iDiBHi GI A5FAC, 7CBG9FJ5Hi DF9GGC il MIG9C AF7h9ClC;i7C N5NiCB5l9 8i N5DCli 5l KIBGHhiGHCFiG7h9G MIG9IA 8i -i9BB5. N9l AIG9C B5DCl9H5BC ;li 9G9ADl5Fi DF9G9BH5BC i G9;I9BHi GC;;9HHi: LCHH5 7Cl 79BH5IFC (:iB9 G97ClC 5.C - G97ClC 8.C), DCBB9 G57Fi:i75BHi (:iB9 G97ClC 5.C - G97ClC 8.C., CDDIF9 9HR 9ll9BiGHi75), GiC75HFi7i 8i AGHF5;5li (:iB9 G97ClC 5.C - iBiNiC G97ClC 8.C.), S79B5 H95HF5l9 (7FCBClC;i5 8I66i5, :iB9 G97ClC 5.C - G97ClC 8.C., CDDIF9 9HR 9ll9BiGHi75 G9 Gi HF5HH5GG9 8i IB CFi;iB5l9, 85l ACA9BHC 7h9 5B7h9 il 6CF8C 89GHFC D5FF9669 H5;li5HC 9 Fil5JCF5HC iB 5BHi7C), (I58Fi;5 iB 7CFG5 (:iB9 G97ClC 5.C- G97ClC 8.C), NiC69 9 i NiC6i8i (:iB9 G97ClC 5.C - G97ClC 8.C), DCBB5 iB HFCBC 9 ;iCJ5B9 (i89A), A8CF5BHi (:iB9 5.C.- iBiNiC ), EF7Cl9 9 lm 8F5 (A9HR G97ClC 8.C), S:iB;9 (i89A). )iGD9HHC 5ll5 DFCJ9Bi9BN5, 9779HHC NiC69 9 i NiC6i8i (85 'CAD9i), i A5FAi 8iDiBHi GCBC GH5Hi HIHHi FiHFCJ5Hi 5 EF7Cl5BC. N9l AIG9C Ji9BB9G9 GCBC 7IGHC8iHi DiCBiGC 9 ADCllC (9BHF5A6i 8i 7FCBClC;i5 8I66i5, DFC656ilA9BH9 - G97ClC 8.C.). LnIBi75 :CBH9 8iGDCBi6il9 5HH9GH5 7h9 l9 8I9 CD9F9 :IFCBC 57EIiGH5H9 5 )CA5 B9l 1865, DF9GGC l5 BC6il9 :5Ai;li5 89i C5GH9ll5Bi, :57ClHCGi ;iCi9lli9Fi 9 7Cll9NiCBiGHi 8n5FH9 5BHi75 ('F5G7hBi?9F 1933, D. 80). )979BH9A9BH9 L9BNi h5 GCHHCliB95HC 7CA9 BCB Gi5 DCGGi6il9 FiBHF577i5F9 i F9l5HiJi D5;5A9BHi 8i 8C;5B5 7h9 5JF9669FC 8CJIHC 577CAD5;B5F9 ln57EIiGHC 89;li 5BHi7hi A5FAi, 8IBEI9 FiHi9B9 7h9 5llC GH5HC 5HHI5l9 89;li GHI8i l5 DFCJ9Bi9BN5 89i 8iDiBHi 7CB:lIiHi 5 -i9BB5 FiGIlHi G7CBCG7iIH5 (L9BNi 2016, DD. 47-54).
59 KF5i?9F 1950, DD. 14 G;;., 21 G;;., D9 C5FC 1999, D. 140. '9F l9 G7h989 GiBH9Hi7h9 8i
7i5G7IB5 CD9F5 L9BNi 2016, DD. 239-50.
60 -CB GF59J9 1984, BCB Gi HF5HH5 8i FiGIlH5Hi 89FiJ5BHi 85ll9 H97Bi7h9 5B5liHi7h9 iADi9;5H9
85llC GHI8iCGC, iB585HH9 5 iB8iJi8I5F9 i Di;A9BHi, A5 8i GI9 CGG9FJ5NiCBi iB A9FiHC 5ll5 7FCAi5 CFi;iB5Fi5, 89FiJ5BHi 85ll5 JiGiCB9 8iF9HH5 89i A5BI:5HHi. Si 5;;iIB;5 iBClHF9 7h9 i FiGIlH5Hi 5 7Ii GCBC D9FJ9BIH9 l9 BICJ9 iB85;iBi 9::9HHI5H9 B9l 2013 85l CN) j C-BC 8i FiF9BN9 BCB
CDDCFHIB9 iB85;iBi 8i5;BCGHi7h9, h5BBC 8iACGHF5HC 7h9 l5 ;5AA5 7FCA5Hi75 iADi9;5H5 V 7CGHiHIiH5 85 IB BIA9FC AClHC Fi8CHHC 8i HiBH9 (;9B9F5lA9BH9 EI5HHFC, 5lHF9 7iBEI9)61. NCB Gi HF5HH5 5::5HHC 8i 8iDiBHi F95liNN5Hi 5HHF5J9FGC IB IBi7C 7ClCF9, G9DDIF Gi5BC DF9G9BHi J5Fi5NiCBi HCB5li, D9FH5BHC iGHiHIiF9 IBn9EIiJ5l9BN5, C;;i, HF5 EI9GH5 7l5GG9 8i A5BI:5HHi 9 l5 H97Bi75 89G7FiHH5 85 'liBiC FiGIlH5 IBn9Ji89BH9 :CFN5HIF5.
&77CFF9 GC::9FA5F9 ln5HH9BNiCB9 GIl A5BI:5HHC FiH9BIHC iB Ai;liCF9 GH5HC 8i 7CBG9FJ5NiCB9 HF5 EI9lli 7IGHC8iHi B9l MIG9C AF7h9ClC;i7C N5NiCB5l9 8i N5DCli. &D9F5 J9BIH5 5ll5 lI79 8IF5BH9 ;li G75Ji 89l 1749, :iFA5H5 85
Al9L5B8FCG 8i AH9B9, L9 GiC75HFi7i 8i 5GHF5;5li (:i;. 1), F5DDF9G9BH5 IB5
DF9NiCG5 H9GHiACBi5BN5 89l B9C5HHi7iGAC iB DiHHIF5, 9GG9B8C DFC656ilA9BH9 Fi9l56CF5NiCB9 8i IB CFi;iB5l9 89l - G97. 5.C. 7h9, G97CB8C 5l7IBi GHI8iCGi, DCHF9669 5HHFi6IiFGi 5ll5 6CHH9;5 8i 19IGi62.
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7CiBJClH9 B9ll5 G79B5, 5iIH5B8C 5 i89BHi:i75FB9 il GC;;9HHC EI5l9 IBC 89i ACA9BHi 7h9 DF97989 l5 HF5;i75 GCFH9 8i NiC69: 'hCi69 79F75 8i D57i:i75F9 L9HC 9 NiC69, A9BHF9 l9 ;iCJ5Bi :5B7iIll9 l95iF5 9 A;l5i9 ;iC75BC 5;li 5GHF5;5li, i;B5F9 89l lCFC 89GHiBC. L5 F9G5 89i 7CBHCFBi V 9GHF9A5A9BH9 F5::iB5H5, Fi9G79 5 9Ji89BNi5F9 D5GG5;;i B9HHi, DF97iGi :iBC 58 5FFiJ5F9 5 NCB9 CA6F9;;i5H9 5 HF5HH9;;iC, D9FH5BHC il FiGIlH5HC :iB5l9 Fi7CF85 :CFH9A9BH9 lniADF9GGiCB9 89FiJ5BH9 85 IB 8iG9;BC F95liNN5HC 5HHF5J9FGC l5 H97Bi75 89l 7hi5FCG7IFC.
Di;A9BHi iADi9;5Hi GCBC HIHH9 C7F9 (CGGi8i 9 i8FCGGi8i 8i :9FFC), HF5BB9 il B9FC (5 65G9 8i 75F6CB9). L9 iB85;iBi iB:F5FCGGC :CHC;F5:i7C ACGHF5BC 7CA9 EI9GHnIlHiAC Di;A9BHC Gi5 GH5HC HF5HH5HC 8iJ9FG5A9BH9 5 G97CB85 89ll5 DCFNiCB9 DiHHCFi75 7h9 5JF9669 8CJIHC F9GHiHIiF9: 89liB95 i 7CBHCFBi 89ll9 :i;IF9, 75ADiG79 iBH9F9 5F99, CDDIF9 iADFiA9 GD5Ni iB CA6F5, A9BHF9 Ji9B9
7CB:9FA5BC AClHi 8i EI9lli DF97989BHi. L9BNi 2016, D. 106, BCB 9G7lI89 7h9 lniB7CAD5Hi6iliHR 89i 85Hi DCGG5 89FiJ5F9 85 IB IlH9FiCF9 D9;;iCF5A9BHC 89llC GH5HC 8i 7CBG9FJ5NiCB9.
61 L9BNi 2016, D. 257, i Di;A9BHi FiG7CBHF5Hi GCBC 7iB56FC, l5775, B9FC (5 65G9 8i 75F6CB9),
H9FF9 FCGG9, ;i5ll9, J9F8i. 'IFHFCDDC, BCB V GH5H5 i89BHi:i75H5 7CB 9G5HH9NN5 l5 HiDClC;i5, EIiB8i BCB B9 7CBCG7i5AC l5 DFCJ9Bi9BN5 ;9C;F5:i75. L5 l57IB5 Dia JiGHCG5, 5 BCGHFC 5JJiGC, FiGi989 B9l BCB 5J9F 79F75HC 8i iB8iJi8I5F9 il l9;5BH9: GClC ln9l9A9BHC 7h9 Hi9B9 iBGi9A9 i Di;A9BHi DCHF9669 :5F 7hi5F9NN5 GIll5 H97Bi75 iADi9;5H5 (9B75IGHC? CliC? H9AD9F5?).
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