Subject Index
A abscess
– lymph node 295 – parapharyngeal 174 – prelaryngeal 50 acinic cell carcinoma 12
acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome (AIDS) 324 adenocarcinoma 73, 182, 191, 202, 222, 231, 260 – intestinal-type (ITAC) 4, 202
adenocarcinoma not otherwise specifi ed (NOS) 13 adenoid cystic carcinoma 12, 56, 73, 86, 122, 140, 159, 167,
182, 197, 202, 231 adenolymphoma 12 adjacent sign 60 ameloblastoma 203 – mandibular 182 angiomatous polyp 208 angiosarcoma 74 anosmia 20
antrochoanal polyp 200, 208 apoptosis 356
apparent diffusion coeffi cient (ADC) 40, 221 arterial malformations 107
atypical mycobacterial infection 295 B
barium swallow 31 basal cell carcinoma 296 baseline study 69, 138 beam’s eye view display 347 biological target volume (BTV) 353
blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)-MRI 62, 354 brain invasion 195
brainstem encephalopathy 158 branchial apparatus anomaly 167 branchial cleft abnormality – fi rst 230
branchial cleft cyst 230 breast cancer 77
bronchogenic carcinomas 90 brown tumors 287
C
calcitonin 282, 285 carcinoma in situ 5
carotid artery invasion 136, 304 cartilage involvement 48, 49, 61, 62, 92 Castleman’s disease 295
cat scratch disease 295 cementifying fi broma 214 cephalocele 259 cerebral edema 157
cervical lymph nodes – levelling system 18 Cheson criteria 316 cholesteatoma – congenital 263
cholesterol granuloma 264 chondroma 74, 210, 257
chondrosarcoma 74, 194, 210, 247, 260 clinical target volume (CTV) 347 colonic interposition 97 cone beam CT 357
conformal radiation therapy 338, 346 – four-dimensional (4D) 357 cranial nerve paralysis 191 craniofacial resection 215 Crosti’s syndrome 327 cylindroma 73 D
denervation atrophy 148, 178, 197 dermoid cysts 108, 110, 230 dermoid tumors 254 desmoid fi bromatosis 182
diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI 40, 225, 230, 234, 251 diplopia 20
dose-painting 353 dural invasion 195, 215 dynamic maneuvers 36 dysplasia 5
E
electronic portal imaging (EPI) 348 encephalocele
– nasal 205
encephalomalacia 158 endolymphatic sac tumors 260 endoscopic evaluation 21 eosinophilic granuloma 253 ependymomas 181 epidermoid cyst 108, 110, 230 epistaxis 20
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) 3, 4, 143, 312, 326 erythroplakia 5
esophageal verge 81
esthesioneuroblastoma 194, 205 ethanol injection 275
Ewing sarcoma 207, 250, 251 extracapsular spread 154 extralaryngeal spread 49
extramedullary plasmacytoma 76, 159, 213, 326
extranodal spread 303
362 Subject Index
F
facial nerve 27, 28 – paralysis 230 facial neuralgia 186 fat suppression technique 39 fi brosarcoma 74, 182, 212 fi brosis
– soft-tissue 158
fi brous dysplasia 183, 213, 252 fi eld cancerization 6
fi ne needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) 274 fi stula 71
fl ap failure 71 fl are phenomenon 339 follicular adenoma 275 follow-up imaging 188
G
Gardner’s syndrome 284 gastric pull-up 96 gastrointestinal cancer 77 geographic miss 156 glomus jugulare tumors 261 Gradenigo’s triad 247, 265 Graves’ orbitopathy 321
gross tumor volume (GTV) 338, 347
H
Hand-Schüller-Christian disease 253
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis) 282, 324
hemangioma 113, 140, 173, 208, 228 hemangiopericytoma 209 hemangiosarcoma 182 hemilaryngectomy – extended 57, 62, 66 – vertical 65
hemolytic anemia 250 high-fl ow lesions 107 Horner’s syndrome 265
human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) 3, 230, 295 human papilloma virus 3
Hürthle cell adenomas 8 Hürthle cell carcinoma 8, 9 Hyams’ grading 206 hypoxia 354 – tumor 62
I
image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) 345
intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) 338, 346 internal carotid artery aneurysms 265
inverted papilloma 194, 199
J
juvenile angiofi broma 207 juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis 4 juvenile ossifying fi broma (JOF) 214
K
Kadish classifi cation 206 Kaposi’s sarcoma 3, 75
L
Langerhans cell histiocytosis 253 laryngeal necrosis 71
laryngectomy – frontal 65
– horizontal supraglottic 65 – partial 57, 62, 65
– supracricoid partial 66 – supraglottic 58 – total 66
laryngocele 49, 74 laryngography 31 leiomyosarcoma 75, 212 Letterer-Siwe disease 253 leukemia 249
leukoplakia 4 lingual thyroids 110 lipoma 113, 167, 228 liposarcoma 74, 231 – hypopharyngeal 85 lymphadenitis – bacterial 295
lymphangioma 173, 228 lymphatic malformations 107 lymphoepithelial cysts 324 lymphoepithelial lesion – benign 221, 230
lymphoma 1, 32, 86, 173, 249 – Burkitt 123, 326
– extranodal 318 – Hodgkin 311 – MALT 86
– nasopharyngeal 159
– non-Hodgkin 75, 86, 123, 139, 182, 212, 231, 234, 311 – thyroid 10, 285, 324
M
malignant fi brous histiocytoma 74, 182, 212 malignant melanoma 77, 296, 324
– sinonasal 194, 204 malignant Triton tumor 207 masseter muscle
– hypertrophy 178, 183 McCune-Albright syndrome 214 meningioma 181, 207, 255 meningoencephalocele 259 metastasis 77, 203, 204, 249 – cerebral 158
– distant 150, 155, 335 – intraparotid 231, 324 micrometastases 303 microvascularisation – tumor 62 mucoceles 259 – petrous apex 265
mucoepidermoid carcinoma 4, 12, 73, 86, 123, 140, 167, 182, 231
– central 204 multinodular goitre 7
multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes 9, 276 multiple myeloma 76, 159, 212, 249, 326
multiple osteochondromatosis 252
muscle atrophy 148 mycosis fungoides 327
N
nasal glioma 205 nasal obstruction 191
nasopharyngeal carcinoma 143 neopharynx 96
neurilemoma 206 neuroblastoma 255
neuro-endocrine carcinoma 206 neurofi broma 169, 206
neurofi bromatosis 181 nevus fl ammeus 107 nickel 4, 191 nodal necrosis 154 nodular hyperplasia 67
normal tissue complication probability 347
O
occult primary tumor 334 odontogenic cysts 204 odontogenic sarcomas 204 olfactory neuroblastoma 205 optic neuritis 189
ossifying fi broma 214 osteomyelitis 189, 265 – chronic 252
– skull base 174
osteoradionecrosis 123, 189 osteosarcoma 74, 182, 194, 210, 251 oxygenation
– tumor 62, 354 P
Paget’s disease 183, 252 papillary cystadenoma 222, 260 paraganglioma 169, 261, 279 paraglottic space 25, 45, 60 parallel imaging 40
paraneoplastic syndromes 287 parathyroid adenoma 287 – ectopic 275
parathyroid carcinoma 287 parathyroid hyperplasia 287 parathyroid scintigraphy 279 parotid gland
– solitary cystic lesion 229 pectoralis fl ap 97 perfusion – tumor 354
perineural tumor spread 115, 119, 134, 149, 154, 179, 186, 194, 197, 216, 221, 231
periorbita 196
petrous apex aneurysms 265 petrous apex mass 247 petrous apicitis 265 pharyngectomy – total 95
pheochromocytoma 279 pituitary adenoma – invasive 206
pituitary gland tumors – invasive 254
planning target volume (PTV) 353 plasmacytoma 159, 212, 250 – solitary 76, 326
pleomorphic adenoma 10, 27, 112, 166, 221, 334 – carcinoma ex 11, 222
Plummer-Vinson syndrome 86 polarographic needle electrodes 354 post radiation fi brosis 155
post-radiotherapy CT score 70 post-radiotherapy surveillance 72 preepiglottic space 45, 60
prevertebral space involvement 87, 136 primitive neuro-ectodermal tumor (PNET) 207 proptosis 20
pseudolymphoma – benign 321 pseudotumor 321 pulmonary cancer 77 R
radial forearm fl ap 97 radiation exposure 4 radiation myelopathy 73 radiation-induced palsies 158 radiation-induced tumor 159 radiation-induced vasculitis 189 radiosensitising therapy 62 RADPLAT protocol 94 ranula 111, 239 – plunging 112, 239 Raynaud’s phenomenon 323 REAL classifi cation 312 RECIST criteria 316 recurrence
– tumor 68, 94, 123, 155, 156, 187, 197, 304 renal cell carcinoma 77, 204
rhabdomyoma 113, 167
rhabdomyosarcoma 74, 123, 167, 182, 211, 231 rheumatoid arthritis 323
risk factor 2 S
saccular cyst 49
salivary gland carcinomas 296 salivary gland neoplasia 10 salt and pepper pattern 169 sarcoidosis 236, 295 sarcoma 173 – synovial 74
– synovial hypopharyngeal 85 Schneiderian papillomas 4
schwannoma 114, 140, 169, 181, 228, 255 – malignant 255
scintigraphy
– thyroid 278
second primary 99
– synchronous 335
secondary tumors 73
sentinel node procedure 297
sentinel node scintigraphy 335
serous otitis media 21, 179
364 Subject Index
Sezary syndromes 327 sialadenitis
chronic 239 sialography MR 235 sialolithiasis 111
sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) 206 sinus infection
– chronic 202
Sjögren’s syndrome 221, 235, 323 skin cancer 1, 32
skin neoplasms 296
skull base involvement 149, 154, 179 soft palate cancer 135
somastostatin receptor scintigraphy 280 spectroscopy
– MR 158, 356
sphenochoanal polyp 208
squamous cell carcinoma 1, 19, 43, 114, 129, 132, 178, 191, 194, 202, 231, 295, 297, 316, 332
squamous cell malignancies 86 squamous papillomas 4
standardised uptake value (SUV) 331, 355 struma (multinodular goitre) 282 Sturge-Weber syndrome 107 summation-of-areas technique 59 surveillance imaging 138 susceptibility artifacts 39 synovial chondromatosis 182 T
temporal lobe necrosis 157 thalassemia 250
therapy monitoring 339 thyroglobulin 281
thyroglossal duct cyst 51, 110 thyroid adenoma 282 thyroid cancer 1, 296 – anaplastic 8, 10, 285 – follicular 7, 8, 9, 275, 284 – medullary 8, 9, 284 – occult 284
– papillary 7, 8, 167, 283 – ectopic 110, 140 thyroid nodule 8, 28 thyroid tumors 90
thyrotoxic crisis 275 tinnitus 261, 265 tongue base cancer 133 tonsillar cancers 132 toxoplasmosis 295, 334 tracheal carcinoma 90 transglottic cancer 51 transoral laser excision 65 treatment complications 187
treatment guiding and verifi cation 357 trismus 20, 158, 179, 191
tumor control probability (TCP) 347 tumor proliferation 355
tumor volume 59, 63, 92, 137, 303 U
ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles 40
ultrasonography 31
ultrasound-guided aspiration cytology 300 unknown primary 334
USA-Fat 332 V
Valsalva maneuver modifi ed 37 vanishing bone disease 250 vascular malformation 107, 209, 228 venous malformations 107 verrucous carcinoma 5, 51, 57 videostroboscopy 25 viral infections 295 virtual endoscopy 38
volumetric interpolated breath-hold imaging (VIBE) 40 von Hippel-Lindau disease 260
von Recklinghausen syndrome 169 W
Waldeyer’s ring 76
Warthin’s tumor 4, 12, 28, 222, 324, 334 Wegener’s granulomatosis 324 woodworkers 4, 191 working formulation (WF) 312 X
xerostomia 189, 346
List of Contributors
CMYK
Cathérine Castaigne, MD Nuclear Medicine Bordet
Positron Emission Tomography IRIS Institut Jules Bordet
121, Boulevard de Waterloo 1000 Brussels
Belgium
Jonas A. Castelijns, MD, PhD
Professor, VU University Medical Center Department of Radiology
De Boelelaan 1117 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
Vincent F. H. Chong, MD, MBA Department of Diagnostic Radiology National University Hospital
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074 Singapore
Emmanuel E. Coche, MD Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging
Université Catholique de Louvain Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Avenue Hippocrate, 10
1200 Brussels Belgium
Frederik De Keyzer, MSc Department of Radiology University Hospitals Leuven Herestraat 49
3000 Leuven Belgium
Pierre Delaere, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
University Hospitals Leuven Herestraat 49
3000 Leuven Belgium
Frédérique Dubrulle, MD Plateau Technique d’Imagerie Hôpital Huriez Sud, CHU Lille 59000 Lille
France
Thierry P. Duprez, MD
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging Université Catholique de Louvain
Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Avenue Hippocrate, 10
1200 Brussels Belgium
Davide Farina, MD Department of Radiology University of Brescia Piazzale Spedali Civili 1 25123 Brescia, BS Italy
Patrick Flamen, MD, PhD Nuclear Medicine Bordet
Positron Emission Tomography IRIS Institut Jules Bordet
121, Boulevard de Waterloo 1000 Brussels
Belgium
Rick L. M. Haas, MD Department of Radiotherapy The Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Plesmanlaan 121
1066 CX Amsterdam
The Netherlands
366 List of Contributors
CMYK
Robert Hermans, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Radiology University Hospitals Leuven Herestraat 49
3000 Leuven Belgium
Marc Keberle, MD Diagnostic Radiology
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1
30625 Hannover Germany
Kristoff Muylle, MD Nuclear Medicine Bordet
Positron Emission Tomography IRIS Institut Jules Bordet
121, Boulevard de Waterloo 1000 Brussels
Belgium
Sandra Nuyts, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospitals Gasthuisberg
Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
Frank A. Pameijer, MD, PhD Department of Radiology The Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Plesmanlaan 121
1066 CX Amsterdam The Netherlands and
Department of Radiology
University Medical Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100
3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
Soraya Robinson, MD Department of Radiology
Helsinki University Central Hospital Haartmaninkatu 4
POB 340
00029 HUS Helsinki Finland
Ilona M. Schmalfuss, MD Department of Radiology
Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center and University of Florida College of Medicine 1601 SW Archer Road
Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
Raphaëlle Souillard, MD Plateau Technique d’Imagerie Hôpital Huriez Sud, CHU Lille 59000 Lille
France
M.W.M. van den Brekel, MD, PhD Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery
The Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Plesmanlaan 121
1066 CX Amsterdam The Netherlands
Vincent Vandecaveye, MD Department of Radiology University Hospitals Leuven Herestraat 49
3000 Leuven Belgium
Vincent Vander Poorten, MD, MSc, PhD Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
University Hospitals Leuven Herestraat 49
3000 Leuven
Belgium
CMYK