REFERENCES
Acharya, S., Foletta, V.C., Lee, J.W., Rayborn, M.E., Rodriguez, I.R., Young III, W.S. and Hollyfield, J.G. (2000). SPACRCAN, a novel human interphotoreceptor matrix
hyaluronan-binding proteoglycan synthesized by photoreceptors and pinealocytes. J Biol Chem. 275, 6945–55.
Akiyama, Y., Jung, S., Salhia, B., Lee, S., Hubbard, S., Taylor, M., Mainprize, T., Akaishi, K., van Furth, W. and Rutka, J. T. (2001). Hyaluronate receptors mediating glioma cell
migration and proliferation. J Neuroncol. 53, 115-27.
Anderson DJ, Axel R. (1986). A bipotential neuroendocrine precursor whose choice of cell fate
is determined by NGF and glucocorticoids. Cell. 47, 1079-90.
Andreutti D, Geinoz A, Gabbiani G. (1999). Effect of hyaluronic acid on migration,
proliferation and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression by cultured rat and human fibroblasts. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol. 31, 173-7.
Anttila, M.A., Tammi, R.H., Tammi, M.I., Syrjanen, K.J., Saarikoski, S.V. and Kosma, V.M. (2000). High levels of stromal hyaluronan predict poor disease outcome in ephitelial ovarian
cancer. Cancer Res. 60, 150-5.
Assmann, V., Jenkinson, D., Marshall, J.F. and Hart, I.R. (1999). The intracellular
hyaluronan receptor RHAMM/IHABP interacts with microtubules and actin filaments. J Cell Sci. 112, 3943-54.
Aszodi, A., Legate, K.R., Nakchbandi, I. and Fassler, R. (2006).What Mouse Mutants
Teach Us About Extracellular Matrix Function. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 22, 591-621.
Auvinen, P., Tammi, R., Parkkinen, J., Tammi, M., Agren, U., Johansson, R., Hirvikoski, P., Eskelinen, M. and Kosma, V.M. (2000). Hyaluronan in peritumoral stroma and malignant cells
associates with breast cancer spreading and predicts survival. Am J Pathol. 156, 529-36.
Baier, C., Baader, S.L., Jankowski, J., Gieselmann, V., Schilling, K., Rauch, U. and Kappler, J. (2007). Hyaluronan is organized into fiber-like structures along migratory pathways in
the developing mouse cerebellum. Matrix Biol. 26, 348-58.
Bakkers, J., Kramer, C., Pothol, J., Quadvlieg, N. E. M., Spaink, H. P. and Hammerschmidt, M. (2004). Has2 is required upstream of Rac1 to govern dorsal migration of
lateral cells during zebrafish gastrulation. Development. 131, 525-37.
Banerji, S., Ni, J., Wang, S-X., Clasper, S., Su, J., Tammi, R., Jones, M. and Jackson D.G. (1999). LYVE-1, a new homologue of the CD44 glycoprotein, is a lymph-specific receptor for
Baroffio, A., Dupin, E. and Le Douarin, N. M. (1991). Common precursors for neural and
mesectodermal derivatives in the cephalic neural crest. Development. 112, 301-5.
Baynash, A.G., Hosoda, K., Giaid, A., Richardson, J.A., Emoto, N., Hammer, R.E. and Yanagisawa, M. (1994). Interaction of endothelin-3 with endothelin-B receptor is essential for
development of epidermal melanocytes and enteric neurons. Cell. 30, 1277-85.
Binette, F., Cravens, J., Kahoussi, B., Haudenschild, D.R. and Goetinck, P.F. (1994).
Link protein is ubiquitously expressed in non-cartilaginous tissues where it enhances and stabilizes the interaction of proteoglycans with hyaluronic acid. J Biol Chem. 269, 19116-22.
Bono, P., Cordero, E., Johnson, K., Borowsky, M., Ramesh, V., Jacks, T. and Hynes, R.O. (2005). Layilin, a cell surface hyaluronan receptor, interacts with merlin and radixin. Exp Cell
Res. 308, 177-87.
Bourguignon LY, Zhu H, Chu A, Iida N, Zhang L, Hung MC. (1997). Interaction between
the adhesion receptor, CD44, and the oncogene product, p185HER2, promotes human ovarian tumor cell activation. J Biol Chem. 272, 27913-8.
Bourguignon, L.Y.W., Gilad, E. and Peyrollier, K. (2007). Heregulin-mediated ErbB2-ERK
Signaling Activates Hyaluronan Synthases Leading to CD44-dependent Ovarian Tumor Cell Growth and Migration. J Biol Chem. 27, 19426-41.
Bradbury, E.J., Moon, L.D., Popat, R.J., King, V.R., Bennett, G.S., Patel, P.N., Fawcett, J.W., McMahon, S.B. (2002). Chondroitinase ABC promotes functional recovery after spinal cord
injury. Nature 416, 636-40.
Brecht, M., Mayer, U., Schlosser,E. and Prehm, P. (1986). Increased hyaluronate synthesis
is required for fibroblast detachment and mitosis. Biochem J. 239, 445-50.
Brinck, J. and Heldin, P. (1999). Expression of recombinant hyaluronan synthase (HAS)
isoforms in CHO cells reduces cell migration and cell surface CD44. Exp Cell Res. 252, 342-51.
Camenisch, T. D., Spider, A. P., Brehm-Gibson, T., Biesterfeldt, J., Augustine, M., Calabro, A., Kubalak, S., Klewer, S. and McDonald, J. A. (2000). Disruption of hyaluronan
synthase-2 abrogates normal cardiac morphogenesis and hyaluronan-mediated transformation of epithelium to mesenchyme. J Clin Invest. 106, 349-60.
Carlson, B. M. (1999). Human Embryology & Developmental Biology. St. Louis, MI: Mosby. Cattaruzza, S., Perris, R. (2006). Approaching the proteoglycome: molecular interactions of
proteoglycans and their functional output. Macromol Biosci. 6, 667-80.
Chen, W.Y. and Abatangelo, G. (1999). Functions of hyaluronan in wound repair. Wound
Cheung, W. F., Cruz, T. F. and Turley, E. A. (1999). Receptor for hyaluronan-mediated
motility (RHAMM), a hyaladherin that regulates cell responses to growth factors. Biochem Soc Trans.
27, 135-42.
Chitnis, A., Henrique, D., Lewis, J., Ish-Horowicz, D. and Kintner, C. (1995). Primary
neurogenesis in Xenopus embryos regulated by a homologue of the Drosophila neurogenic gene Delta. Nature. 375, 761-6.
Choudhary, M., Zhang, X., Stojkovic, P., Hyslop, L., Anyfantis, G., Herbert, M., Murdoch, A.P., Stojkovic, M. and Lako, M. (2007). Putative Role of Hyaluronan and Its Related
Genes, HAS2 and RHAMM, in Human Early Preimplantation Embryogenesis and Embryonic Stem Cell Characterization. Stem Cells. 25, 3045-57.
Collis, L., Hall, C., Lange, L., Ziebell, M., Prestwich, R., and Turley, E. A. (1998). Rapid
hyaluronan uptake is associated with enhanced motility: implications for an intracellular mode of action. FEBS Lett. 440, 444-9.
Culty, M., Nguyen, H.A. and Underhill, C.B. (1992). The hyaluronan receptor (CD44)
participates in the uptake and degradation of hyaluronan. J Cell Biol. 116, 1055-62.
Dauce, J. P. (1992) Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) and hyaluronectin in the extracellular matrix
of human breast carcinomas: comparison between invasive and non-invasive areas. Cancer. 52, 1-6
Day, A.J. and Prestwich, G.D. (2001). Hyaluronan-binding proteins: tying up the giant. J Biol
Chem. 277, 4585-8.
Deb, T.B. and Datta, K. (1996). Molecular cloning of human fibroblast hyaluronic acid-binding
protein confirms its identity with P-32, a protein co-purified with splicing factor SF2. J Biol Chem.
271, 2206-12.
Dorsky RI, Moon RT, Raible DW. (1998). Control of neural crest cell fate by the Wnt
signalling pathway. Nature. 396, 370-3.
Dube, B., Luke, H.J., Aumailley, M. and Prehm, P. (2001). Hyaluronan reduces migration
and proliferation in CHO cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1538, 283-9.
Dutt, S., Matasci, M., Sommer, L., Zimmermann, D.R. (2006). Guidance of neural crest cell
migration: the inhibitory function of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, versican. Scientific World Journal. 6, 1114-7.
Etchevers, H.C., Vincent, C., le Douarin, N.M. and Couly, G.F. (2001). The cephalic neural
crest provides pericytes and smooth muscle cells to all blood vessels of the face and forebrain. Development. 128, 1059-68.
Evanko, S.P., Parks, W.T. and Wight, T.N. (2004). Intracellular Hyaluronan in Arterial
Smooth Muscle Cells: Association with Microtubules, RHAMM, and the Mitotic Spindle. J Histochem Cytochem. 52, 1525-36.
Fenderson, B.A., Stamenkovic, I. and Aruffo, A. (1993). Localization of hyaluronan in
mouse embryos during implantation, gastrulation and organogenesis. Differentiation. 54, 85-98.
Fraser, J.R., Laurent, T.C. and Laurent, U.B. (1997). Hyaluronan: its nature, distribution,
functions and turnover. J Internal Med. 242, 27-33.
Girish, K.S. and Kemparaju, K. (2007). The magic glue hyaluronan and its eraser
hyaluronidase: A biological overview. Life Sciences. 80, 1921-43.
Goldberg, R.L. and Toole, B.P. (1987). Hyaluronate inhibition of cell proliferation. Arthritis
Rheum. 30, 769-78.
Grammatikakis, N., Grammatikakis, A., Yoneda, M., Yu, Q., Banerjee, S.D. and Toole, B.P. (1995). A novel glycosaminoglycan-binding protein is the vertebrate homologue of the cell cycle
control protein, Cdc37. J Biol Chem. 270, 16198-205.
Groen, A.C., Cameron, L.A., Coughlin, M., Miyamoto, D.T., Mitchison, T.J. and Ohi R.
(2004). XRHAMM Functions in Ran-Dependent Microtubule Nucleation and Pole Formation during Anastral Spindle Assembly. Curr Biol. 14, 1801-11.
Hall, B.K. (2005). Bones and Cartilage. Developmental and Evolutionary Skeletal Biology.
London: Elsevier/Academic Press.
Hall, C.L., Wang, C., Lange, L.A. and Turley, E.A. (1994). Hyaluronan and the hyaluronan
receptor RHAMM promote focal adhesion turnover and transient tyrosine kinase activity. Cell Biol.
126, 75-88.
Hall, C.L., Yang, B., Yang, X., Zhang, S., Turley, M., Samuel, S., Lange, L.A., Wang, C., Curpen, G.D., Savani, R.C., Greenberg, A.H., Turley, E.A. (1995). Overexpression of the
hyaluronan receptor RHAMM is transforming and is also required for H-ras transformation. Cell. 82, 19-26.
Hardwick, C., Hoare, K., Owens, R., Hohn, H.P., Hook, M., Moore, D. and Turley, E.A.
(1992). Molecular cloning of a novel hyaluronan receptor that mediates tumor cell motility. J Cell Biol. 117, 1343-50.
Hascall, V.C. and Laurent, T.C. (1997). Hyaluronan: structure and physical properties.
Hascall, V.C., Majors, A.K., De La Motte, C.A., Evanko, S.P., Wang, A., Drazba, J.A., Strong, S.A. and Wight, T.N. (2004). Intracellular hyaluronan: a new frontier for inflammation?
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1673, 3-12.
Henderson, D.J. and Copp, A.J. (1997). Role of the extracellular matrix in neural crest cell
migration. J Anat. 191, 507-15
Hensey C, Gautier J. (1998). Programmed cell death during Xenopus development: a
spatio-temporal analysis. Dev Biol. 203, 36-48.
Hirsch, M.S., Lunsford, L.E., Trinkaus-Randall, V. and Svoboda. K.K. (1997).
Chondrocyte survival and differentiation in situ are integrin mediated. Dev Dyn. 210, 249-63.
Hofmann, M., Fieber, C., Assmann, V., Gottlicher, M., Sleeman, J., Plug, R., Howells, N., Von Stein, O., Ponta, H. and Herrlich, P. (1998). Identification of IHABP, a 95 kDa
intracellular hyaluronate binding protein. J Cell Sci. 111, 1673-84.
Horwitz A, Duggan K, Buck C, Beckerle MC, Burridge K. (1986). Interaction of plasma
membrane fibronectin receptor with talin--a transmembrane linkage. Nature. 320, 531-3.
Huang, L., Yoneda, M. and Kimata, K. (1993). A serum-derived hyaluronanassociated
protein (SHAP) is the heavy chain of the inter alpha-trypsin inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 268, 26725-30.
Itano, N., Sawai, T., Yoshida, M., Lenas, P., Yamada, Y., Imagawa, M., Shinomura, T., Hamaguchi, M., Yoshida, Y., Ohnuki, Y., Miyauchi, S., Spicer, .AP., McDonald, J.A. and Kimata, K. (1999). Three isoforms of mammalian hyaluronan synthases have distinct enzymatic
properties. J Biol Chem. 274, 25085-92.
Jalkanen, S. and Jalkanen, M. (1992). Lymphocyte CD44 binds the COOH-terminal
heparin-binding domain of fibronectin. J Cell Biol. 116, 817-25.
Kamikura, D.M., Khoury, H., Maroun, C., Naujokas, M.A. and Park, M. (2000). Enhanced
transformation by a plasma membrane-associated met oncoprotein: activation of a phosphoinositide 3'-kinase-dependent autocrine loop involving hyaluronic acid and CD44. Mol Cell Biol. 20, 3482-96.
Kaneko T., Saito H., Toya M., Satio T., Nakahara K., Hiroi M. (2000). Hyaluronic acid
inhibits apoptosis in granulosa cells via CD44. J Assist Reprod Genet. 17, 580-5.
Karvinen, S., Kosma, V.M., Tammi, M.I., et al., (2003). Hyaluronan, CD44 and versican in
epidermal keratinocyte tumours. Br J Dermatol. 148, 86-94.
Kawashima, H., Hirose, M., Hirose, J., et al., (2000). Binding of a large chondroitin
sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, versican, to L-selectin, P-selectin, and CD44. J Biol Chem.
Kaya, G., Rodriguez, I., Jorcano, J. L., Vassalli, P. and Stamenkovic, I. (1997). Selective
suppression of CD44 in keratinocytes of mice bearing an antisense CD44 transgene driven by a tissue-specific promoter disrupts hyaluronate metabolism in the skin and impairs keratinocyte proliferation. Genes Dev. 11, 996-1007.
Kincade, P.W., Zheng, Z., Katoh, S. and Hanson, L. (1997) The importance of cellular
environment to function of the CD44 matrix receptor. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 9, 635-42.
Knudson, C.B. and Toole, B.P. (1985) Changes in the pericellular matrix during
differentiation of limb bud mesoderm. Dev Biol. 112, 308-18.
Knudson, C.B. (2003). Hyaluronan and CD44: strategic players for cell-matrix interactions
during chondrogenesis and matrix assembly. Birth Defects Res. (Part C). 69, 174-96.
Knudson, W., Biswas, C., Li, X. Q,Nemec, R. E. and Toole, B. P. (1989) The role and
regulation of tumour-associated hyaluronan. Ciba Found Symp. 143, 150-69.
Knudson, W. and Knudson, C. B. (2004). The hyaluronan receptor, CD44 - un unpdate.
http://www.glycoforum.gr.jp/science/hyaluronan/HA10a/HA10aE.html
Kohda, D., Morton, C.J., Parkar, A.A., Hatanaka, H., Inagaki, F., Cambell, I.D. and Day, A.J. (1996). Solution structure of the link module: a hyaluronan-binding domain involved in
extracellular matrix stability and cell migration. Cell. 86, 767-75.
Krotoski, D., Domingo, C. and Bronner-Fraser, M. (1986) Distribution of a putative cell
surface receptor for fibronectin and laminin in the avian embryo. J Cell Biol. 103, 1061-72.
Krull CE, Lansford R, Gale NW, Collazo A, Marcelle C, Yancopoulos GD, Fraser SE, Bronner-Fraser M. (1997). Interactions of Eph-related receptors and ligands confer rostrocaudal
pattern to trunk neural crest migration. Curr Biol. 7, 571-80.
Kujawa, M.J., Pechak, D.G., Fiszman, M.Y. and Caplan, A.I. (1986). Hyaluronic acid
bonded to cell culture surfaces inhibits the program of myogenesis. Dev Biol. 113, 10-6.
Lallier, T. and Bronner-Fraser, M. (1991). Avian neural crest cell attachment to laminin:
involvement of divalent cation dependent and independent integrins. Development. 113, 1069-84.
Landolt, R.M., Vaughan, L., Winterhalter, K.H., Zimmermann, D.R. (1995). Versican is
selectively expressed in embryonic tissues that act as barriers to neural crest cell migration and axon outgrowth. Development. 121, 2303-12.
Le Douarin NM, Teillet MA. (1973). The migration of neural crest cells to the wall of the
digestive tract in avian embryo. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 30, 31-48.
Le Lièvre CS, Le Douarin NM. (1975). Mesenchymal derivatives of the neural crest: analysis
of chimaeric quail and chick embryos. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 34, 125-54.
Lee, J.Y. and Spicer, A.P. (2000). Hyaluronan: a multifunctional, megaDalton, stealth
molecule. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 12, 581-6.
Lee, T.H., Wisniewski, H.-G. and Vilcek, J. (1992) A novel secretory tumor necrosis
factor-inducible protein (TSG-6) is a member of the family of hyaluronate binding proteins, closely related to the adhesion receptor CD44. J Cell Biol. 116, 545-57.
Lesley, J., Hascall, V.C., Tammi, M. and Hyman, R. (2000). Hyaluronan binding by cell
surface CD44. J Biol Chem. 275, 26967-75.
Levin, M. (2004). A novel immunohistochemical method for evaluation of antibody specificity
and detection of labile targets in biological tissue. J Biochem Biophys Methods. 58, 85-96.
Li, Y. and Heldin, P. (2001). Hyaluronan production increases the malignant properties of
mesothelioma cells. Br J Cancer. 85, 600-7.
Liem, K. F., Jr., Tremml, G., Roelink, H. and Jessell, T. M. (1995). Dorsal differentiation of
neural plate cells induced by BMP-mediated signals from epidermal ectoderm. Cell 82, 969-79.
Liu JP, Jessell TM. (1998). A role for rhoB in the delamination of neural crest cells from the
dorsal neural tube. Development. 125, 5055-67.
Lo, L., Sommer, L. and Anderson, D.J. (1997). MASH1 maintains competence for
BMP2-induced neuronal differentiation in post-migratory neural crest cells. Curr Biol. 7, 440-50.
Lynn, B. D., Turley, E. A. and Nagy, J. I. (2001a). Subcellular distribution, calmodulin
interaction, and mitochondrial association of the hyaluronan-binding protein RHAMM in rat brain. J Neurosci Res. 65, 6-16.
Lynn, B.D., Li, X., Cattini, P.A., Turley, E.A. and Nagy, J.I. (2001b). Identification of
sequence, protein isoforms, and distribution of the hyaluronan-binding protein RHAMM in adult and developing rat brain. J Comp Neurol. 439, 315-30.
Majima, T., Irie, T., Sawaguchi, N., Funakoshi, T., Iwasaki, N.,Harada, K., Minami, A. and Nishimura S.I. (2007). Chitosan-based hyaluronan hybrid polymer fibre scaffold for ligament
and tendon tissue engineering. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H]. 221, 537-46.
Mancilla A, Mayor R. (1996). Neural crest formation in Xenopus laevis: mechanisms of Xslug
induction. Dev Biol. 1, 580-9.
Mayor, R., Morgan, R. and Sargent, M.G. (1995). Induction of the prospective neural crest
McDonald, J.A. and Camenisch, T.D. (2003). Hyaluronan: genetic insights into the complex
biology of a simple polydaccharide. Glycoconj J.. 19, 331-9.
McKee, C.M., Lowenstein, C.J., Horton, M.R., Wu, J., Bao, C., Chin, B.Y., Choi, A.M. and Noble, P.W. (1997). Hyaluronan fragments induce nitric-oxide synthase in murine macrophages
through a nuclear factor kappaB-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem. 272, 8013-8.
Menoud, P.A., Debrot, S. and Schowing, J. (1989). Mouse neural crest cells secrete both
urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators in vitro. Development. 106, 685-90
Meyer, K. and Palmer, J.W. (1934). The polysaccharide of the vitreous humor. J Biol Chem. 107, 629-34.
Mjaatvedt, C.H., Yamamura, H., Capehart, A.A., Turner, D., Markwald, R.R. (1998). The
Cspg2 gene, disrupted in the hdf mutant, is required for right cardiac chamber and endocardial cushion formation. Dev Biol. 202, 56-66.
Mohapatra, S., Yang, X.,Wright, J. A., Turley, E. A. and Greenberg, A. H. (1996). Soluble
hyaluronan receptor RHAMM induces mitotic arrest by suppressing Cdc2 and cyclin B1 expression. J Exp Med. 183, 1663-8.
Monier-Gavelle, F. and Duband, J.L. (1995). Control of N-cadherin-mediated intercellular
adhesion in migrating neural crest cells in vitro. J Cell Sci. 108, 3839-53.
Monslow, J., Williams, J.D., Norton, N., Guy, C.A., Price, I.K., Coleman, S.L., Williams, N.M., Buckland, P.R., Spicer, A.P., Topley, N., Davies, M. and Bowen, T. (2003).The human
hyaluronan synthase genes: genomic structures, proximal promoters and polymorphic microsatellite markers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 35, 1272-83.
Montgomery, A.M.P., Reisfeld, R.A. and Cheresh, D.A. (1994). Integrin avb3 rescues
melanoma cells from apoptosis in three-dimensional dermal collagen. PNAS. 91, 8856-60.
Morales, T.I. and Hascall. V.C. (1988). Correlated metabolism of proteoglycans and
hyaluronic acid in bovine cartilage organ cultures. J Biol Chem. 263, 3632-8.
Morriss-Kay, G. and Tucket, F. (1991). Early events in mammalian craniofacial
morphogenesis. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 11, 181-91.
Nagy, J.I., Price, M.L., Staines, W.A., Lynn, B.D. and Granholm, A.C. (1998). The
hyaluronan receptor RHAMM in noradrenergic fibers contributes to axon growth capacity of locus coeruleus neurons in an intraocular transplant model. Neurosc. 86, 241-55.
Nakamura H, Ayer-le Lievre CS. (1982). Mesectodermal capabilities of the trunk neural crest
Nardini, M., Ori, M., Vigetti, D., Gornati, R., Nardi, I. and Perris, R. (2004). Regulated
gene expression of hyaluronan synthases during Xenopus laevis development. Gene Expr Pattern.
43, 303-8.
Naujokas, M. F., Morin, M., Anderson, M. S., Peterson, M. and Miller, J. (1993). The
chondroitin sulfate form of invariant chain can enhance stimulation of T cell responses through interaction with CD44. Cell. 74, 257-68.
Nedvetzki, S., Gonen, E., Assayag, N., Reich, R., Williams, R.O., Thurmond, R.L., Huang, J.F., Neudecker, B.A., Wang, F.S., Turley, E.A. and Naor, D. (2004). RHAMM, a receptor
for hyaluronan-mediated motility, compensates for CD44 in inflamed CD44-knockout mice: A different interpretation of redundancy. PNAS. 101, 18081-8.
Newgreen, D.F. and Thiery, J.P. (1980) Fibronectin in the early avian embryo: synthesis and
distribution along the migration pathways of neural crest cells. Cell Tissue Res. 211, 269-91.
Nieto MA, Sargent MG, Wilkinson DG, Cooke J. (1994). Control of cell behavior during
vertebrate development by Slug, a zinc finger gene. Science 6, 835-9.
Nieuwkoop, P.D. and Faber, J. (1956). Normal table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin), a
systematical and chronological survey of the development from the fertilized egg till the end of metamorphosis. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
Ohwada, C., Nakaseko, C., Koizumi, M., Takeuchi, M., Ozawa, S., Naito, M., Tanaka, H., Oda, K., Cho, R., Nishimura, M. and Saito, Y. (2008). CD44 and hyaluronan engagement
promotes dexamethasone resistance in human myeloma cells. Eur J Haematol. ahead of print.
Oliferenko, J. Kaverina, I. Small, J.V. and Huber, L.A. (2000). Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
Binding to CD44 Activates Rac1 and Induces Lamellipodia Outgrowth. J Cell Biol. 148, 1159-64.
Ori, M., Nardini, M., Casini, P., Perris, R. and Nardi, I. (2006). XHas2 activity is required
during somitogenesis and precursor cell migration in Xenopus development. Development. 133, 631-40.
Ozeki H., Ogura Y., Hirabayashi Y., Shimada S. (2001). Suppression of lens stalk cell
apoptosis by hyaluronic acid leads to faulty separation of the lens vesicle. Exp Eye Res. 72, 63-70.
Papalopulu, N. and Kintner, C. (1993). Xenopus Distal-less related homeobox genes are
expressed in the developing forebrain and are induced by planar signals. Development. 117, 961-75.
Perez, S.E., Rebelo, S. and Anderson D.J. (1999). Early specification of sensory neuron fate
revealed by expression and function of neurogenins in the chick embryo. Development. 126, 1715-28.
Perris, R. and Johansson, S. (1990) Inhibition of neural crest cell migration by aggregating
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans is mediated by their hyaluronan-binding region. Dev Biol. 137, 1-12.
Perris, R., Lofberg, J., Fallstrom, C., von Boxberg, Y., Olsson, L. and Newgreen, D.F.
(1990). Structural and compositional divergencies in the extracellular matrix encountered by neural crest cells in the white mutant axolotl embryo. Development. 109, 533-51.
Perris, R., Krotoski, D.C., Sorrell, J.M. and Bronner-Fraser, M. (1991). Spatial and
temporal changes in the distribution of proteoglycans during avian neural crest development. Development. 111, 583-99.
Perris, R., Perissinotto, D., Pettway, Z., Bronner-Fraser, M., Morgelin, M., Kimata, K.
(1996). Inhibitory effects of PG-H/aggrecan and PG-M/versican on avian neural crest cell migration. FASEB J. 10, 293-301.
Philipson, L.H. and Schwartz, N.B. (1984). Subcellular localization of hyaluronate
synthetase in oligodendroglioma cells. J Biol Chem. 259, 5017-23.
Pilarski, L.M., Masellis-Smith, A., Belch, A.R., Yang, B., Savani, R.C. and Turley, E.A.
(1994). RHAMM, a receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility, on normal human lymphocytes, thymocytes and malignant B cells: A mediator in B cell malignancy? Leuk Lymphoma 14, 363-74.
Pintar, J.E. (1978) Distribution and synthesis of glycosaminoglycans during quail neural crest
morphogenesis. Dev Biol. 67, 444-64.
Pohl, B.S. and Knöchel, W. (2001). Overexpression of the transcriptional repressor FoxD3
prevents neural crest formation in Xenopus embryos. Mech Dev. 103, 93-106.
Pomeranz HD, Rothman TP, Gershon MD. (1991). Colonization of the post-umbilical bowel
by cells derived from the sacral neural crest: direct tracing of cell migration using an intercalating probe and a replication-deficient retrovirus. Development. 111, 647-55.
Ponta, H., Sherman, L. and Herrlich, P. (2003). CD44: from adhesion molecules to
signalling regulators. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 4, 33-45.
Pratt RM, Larsen MA, Johnston MC. (1975). Migration of cranial neural crest cells in a
cell-free hyaluronate-rich matrix. Dev Biol. 44, 298-305.
Protin, U., Schweighoffer, T., Jochum, W. and Hilberg, F. (1999).CD44-Deficient mice
develop normally with changes in cubpopulations and recirculation of lymphocyte subsets. J Immunol. 163, 4917-23.
Radotra, B. and McCormick, D. (2001). Glioma invasion in vitro is mediated by
Raff, M.C. (1992). Social controls on cell survival and cell death. Nature 356, 397-400. Rickmann M, Fawcett JW, Keynes RJ. (1985). The migration of neural crest cells and the
growth of motor axons through the rostral half of the chick somite. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 90, 437-55.
Rilla K, Lammi MJ, Sironen R, Törrönen K, Luukkonen M, Hascall VC, Midura RJ, Hyttinen M, Pelkonen J, Tammi M, Tammi R. (2002). Changed lamellipodial extension, adhesion
plaques and migration in epidermal keratinocytes containing constitutively expressed sense and antisense hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) genes. J Cell Sci. 115, 3633-43.
Ropponen, K., Tammi, M., Parkkinnen, J., Eskelinen, M., Tammi, R., Lipponen, P., Agren, U., Alhava E. and Kosma, V.M. (1998). Tumor cell-associated hyaluronan as an
unfavorable prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 58, 342-7.
Rosa F., Sargent T.D., Rebbert M.L., Michaels G. S., Jamrich M., Grunz H., Jonas E., Winkles J.A., Dawid I.B., (1988). Accumulation and decay of DG42 gene product follow a gradient
pattern during Xenopus embryogenesis. Dev. Biol. 129, 114-23.
Ruoslahti E, Pierschbacher MD. (1987). New perspectives in cell adhesion: RGD and
integrins. Science. 238, 491-7.
Sadaghiani, B. and Thiébaud, C.H. (1987). Neural crest development in the Xenopus laevis
embryo, studied by interspecific transplantation and scanning electron microscopy. Dev Biol. 124, 91-110.
Sambrok, J., Fritsch, E., and Maniatis, T. (1989). Molecular cloning - a laboratory manual
(2nd ed.). Cold Sping Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
Savagner P, Yamada KM, Thiery JP. (1997). The zinc-finger protein slug causes desmosome
dissociation, an initial and necessary step for growth factor-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Biol. 16, 1403-19.
Schilling TF, Kimmel CB. (1994). Segment and cell type lineage restrictions during
pharyngeal arch development in the zebrafish embryo. Development. 120, 483-94.
Schmalfeldt, M., Bandtlow, C.E., Dours-Zimmermann, M.T., Winterhalter, K.H., Zimmermann, D.R. (2000). Brain derived versican V2 is a potent inhibitor of axonal growth. J Cell
Sci. 113, 807-16.
Schmits, R., Filmus, J., Gerwin, N., Senaldi, G., Kiefer, F. and Kundig T., Wakeham, A., Shahinian, A., Catzavelos, C., Rak, J., Furlonger, C., Zakarian, A., Simard, J.J., Ohashi, PS., Paige, C.J., Gutierrez-Ramos, J.C. and Mak, T.W. (1997). CD44 regulates hematopoietic
Schor, S.L., Schor, A.M., Grey, A.M., Chen, J., Rushton, G., Grant, M.E. and Ellism I.
(1989). Mechanism of action of the migration stimulating factor produced by fetal and cancer patient fibroblasts: effect on hyaluronic and synthesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 25, 737-46.
Scott, J.E. (1989). Secondary structures in hyaluronan solutions: chemical and biological
implications. Ciba Found Symp. 143. 6-14.
Semino, C.E., Specht, C.A., Raimondi. A. and Robbins, P.W. (1996). Homologs of the
Xenopus developmental gene DG42 are present in zebrafish and mouse and are involved in the synthesis of Nod-like chitin oligosaccharides during early embryogenesis. PNAS. 93, 4548-53.
Shah NM, Groves AK, Anderson DJ. (1996). Alternative neural crest cell fates are
instructively promoted by TGFbeta superfamily members. Cell. 85, 331-43.
Sheng, W., Wang, G., La Pierre, D.P., Wen, J., Deng, Z., Wong, C.K., Lee, D.Y., Yang, B.B. (2006). Versican mediates mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Mol Biol Cell. 17, 2009-2020.
Shinomura, T., Nishida, Y., Ito, K. and Kimata, K. (1993). cDNA cloning of PG-M, a large
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expressed during chondrogenesis in chick limb buds. Alternative spliced multiforms of PG-M and their relationships to versican. J Biol Chem. 268, 14461-9.
Skelton, T.P., Zeng, C., Nocks, A. and Stamenkovic, I. (1998). Glycosylation provides both
stimulatory and inhibitory effects on cell surface and soluble CD44 binding to hyaluronan. J Cell Biol.
140, 431-46.
Spicer, A.P., Augustine M.L. and McDonald J.A. (1996). Molecular cloning and
characterization of a putative mouse hyaluronan synthase. J Bio Chem. 271, 23400-6.
Spicer, A.P., Olson J.S. and McDonald J.A. (1997). Molecular cloning and characterization of
a cDNA encoding the third putative mammalian hyaluronan synthase. J Biol Chem. 272, 8957-61.
Spicer, A.P. and McDonald J.A. (1998). Characterization and molecular evolution of a
vertebrate hyaluronan synthase gene family. J Biol Chem. 273, 1923-32.
Spicer, A.P., Tien, J.L., Joo, A. and Bowling, R.A. (2002). Investigation of hyaluronan function
in the mouse through targeted mutagenesis. Glycoconj J. 19, 341-5.
Spokony, R.F., Aoki, Y., Saint-Germain, N., Magner-Fink, E. and Saint-Jeannet, J.P.
(2002). The transcription factor Sox9 is required for cranial neural crest development in Xenopus. Development. 129, 421-32.
Sretavan, D.W., Feng, L., Pure, E. and Reichardt, L.F. (1994). Embryonic neurons of the
developing optic chiasm express L1 and CD44, cell surface molecules with opposing effects on retinal axon growth. Neuron. 12, 957-975.
Stojkovic, M., Krebs, O., Kolle, S., Prelle, K., Assmann, V., Zakhartchenko, V., Sinowatz, F. and Wolf, E. (2003). Developmental regulation of hyaluronan-binding protein
(RHAMM/IHABP) expression in early bovine embryos. Biol Reprod. 68, 60-6.
Svee K, White J, Vaillant P, Jessurun J, Roongta U, Krumwiede M, Johnson D, Henke C. (1996). Acute lung injury fibroblast migration and invasion of a fibrin matrix is mediated by CD44.
J Clin Invest. 15, 1713-27.
Tamkun JW, DeSimone DW, Fonda D, Patel RS, Buck C, Horwitz AF, Hynes RO. (1986).
Structure of integrin, a glycoprotein involved in the transmembrane linkage between fibronectin and actin. Cell. 46, 271-82
Tammi, M.I., Day, A.J. and Turley, E.A. (2002). Hyaluronan and homeostasis: a balancing
act. J Biol Chem. 277, 4581-4.
Tammi, R., Säämänen, A.M., Maibach, H.I. and Tammi, M. (1991). Degradation of newly
synthesized high molecular mass hyaluronan in the epidermal and dermal compartments of human skin in organ culture. J Invest Dermatol. 97, 126-30.
Tammi, R., Ronkko, S., Agren, U.M. and Tammi, M. (1994). Distribution of hyaluronan in
bull reproductive organs. J Histochem Cytochem. 42, 1479-86.
Tan, S.S., Crossin, K.L., Hoffman, S. and Edelman, G.M. (1987) Asymmetric expression in
somites of cytotactin and its proteoglycan ligand is correlated with neural crest cell distribution. PNAS. 84, 7977-81.
Thorne, R.F., Legg, J.W. and Isacke, C.M. (2004). The role of the CD44 transmembrane and
cytoplasmic domains in coordinating adhesive and signalling events. J Cell Sci. 117, 373-80.
Tien, J.Y. and Spicer, A.P. (2005). Three vertebrate hyaluronan synthases are expressed
during mouse development in distinct spatial and temporal patterns. Dev Dyn. 233, 130-41.
Toole, B.P. and Trelstad, R.L. (1971). Hyaluronate production and removal during corneal
development in the chick. Dev Biol. 26, 28-35.
Toole, B.P., Munian, S.I., Wells, S., and Knudson, C.B. (1989) Hyaluronate-cell
interactions and growth factor regulation of hyaluronate synthesis during limb development. Ciba Found Symp. 143, 138-45.
Toole, B.P. (1991). Proteoglycans and hyaluronan in morphogenesis and differentiation. In:
Hay E, ed. Cell Biology of Extracellular Matrix, 2nd edition. New York: Plenum Pres.1991, 305-341.
Toole, B.P. (1998). Hyaluronan in morphogenesis and tissue remodelling
Toole, B.P. (2000). Hyaluronan is not just a goo! J Clin Invest. 106, 335-6. Toole, B.P. (2001). Hyaluronan in morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 12, 79-87.
Toole, B.P. (2004). Hyaluronan: from extracellular glue to pericellular cue. Nat Rev Cancer. 4,
528-39.
Tosney, K.W. (1982). The segregation and early migration of cranial neurl crest cells in the
avian embryo. Dev Biol. 89, 13-24.
Turley, E.A. and Harrison, R. (1999).
http://www.glycoforum.gr.jp/science/hyaluronan/HA11/HA11E.html
Turley, E.A., Noble, P.W., Bourguignon, L.Y. (2002). Signalling properties of hyaluronan
receptors. J Biol Chem. 277, 4589-92.
Underhill, C.B. (1992). CD44: the hyaluronan receptor, J Cell Sci. 103, 293-8.
Varley JE, Wehby RG, Rueger DC, Maxwell GD. (1995). Number of adrenergic and islet-1
immunoreactive cells is increased in avian trunk neural crest cultures in the presence of human recombinant osteogenic protein-1. Dev Dyn. 203, 434-47.
Vigetti D, Viola M, Gornati R, Ori M, Nardi I, Passi A, De Luca G, Bernardini G. (2003).
Molecular cloning, genomic organization and developmental expression of the Xenopus laevis hyaluronan synthase 3. Matrix Biol. 22, 511-7.
Vogel KS, Weston JA. (1990). The sympathoadrenal lineage in avian embryos. II. Effects of
glucocorticoids on cultured neural crest cells. Dev Biol. 139, 13-23.
Wang HU, Anderson DJ. (1997). Eph family transmembrane ligands can mediate repulsive
guidance of trunk neural crest migration and motor axon outgrowth. Neuron. 18, 383-96.
Watanabe, H., Cheung, S.C., Itano, N., Kimata, K. and Yamada, Y. (1997). Identification
of hyaluronan-binding domains of aggrecan. J Biol Chem. 272, 28057-65.
Weber, G. F., Ashkar, S., Glimcher, M. J. and Cantor, H. (1996). Receptor-ligand
interaction between CD44 and osteopontin (Eta-1). Science. 271, 509-12.
Weigel, P. H., Hascall, V. C. and Tammi, M. (1997). Hyaluronan synthases. J Biol Chem. 272, 13997-40000.
Weissman, B. and Meyer, K. (1954). The structure of hyaluronic acid and from umbilical
Wheatley, S.C., Isacke, C.M. and Crossley, P.H. (1993). Restricted expression of the
hyaluronan receptor, CD44, during postimplantation mouse embryogenesis suggests key roles in tissue formation and patterning. Development. 119, 295-306.
Wight, T.N. (1999). Hyaluronan in atherosclerosis and restenosis.
http://www.glycoforum.gr.jp/science/hyaluronan/HA09/HA09E.html
Wu, Y.J., La Pierre, D.P., Wu, J., Yee, A.J., Yang, B.B. (2005). The interaction of versican
with its binding partners. Cell Res. 15, 483-494.
Yamagata, M., Saga, S., Kato, M., Bernfield, M. and Kimata, K. (1993). Selective
distributions of proteoglycans and their ligands in pericellular matrix of cultured fibroblasts. Implications for their roles in cell-substratum adhesion. J Cell Sci. 106, 55-65.
Yamamura, H., Zhang, M., Markwald, R.R. and Mjaatvedt, C.H. (1997). A heart segmental
defect in the anterior-posterior axis of a transgenic mutant mouse. Dev Biol. 186, 58-72.
Yang, B., Yang B.L., Savani, R.C. and Turley, E.A. (1994). Identification of a common
hyaluronan binding motif in the hyaluronan binding proteins RHAMM, CD44 and link protein. EMBO J.
13, 286-96.
Yonemura, S., Hirao, M., Doi, Y., Takahashi, N., Kondo, T., Tsukita, S. and Tsukita, S.
(1998). Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins bind to a positively charged amino acid cluster in the juxta-membrane cytoplasmic domain of CD44, CD43, and ICAM-2. J Cell Biol. 140, 885-95.
Zhang, S., Chang, M.C., Zylka, D., Turley, S., Harrison, R. and Turley, E.A. (1998). The
hyaluronan receptor RHAMM regulates extracellular-regulated kinase. J Biol Chem. 273, 11342-8.
Zhou B, Weigel JA, Fauss L, Weigel PH. (2000). Identification of the hyaluronan receptor for
endocytosis (HARE). J Biol Chem. 275, 37733-41.
Zhu, D. and Bourguignon, L.Y. (2000). Interaction between CD44 and the repeat domain of
ankyrin promotes hyaluronic acid-mediated ovarian tumor cell migration. J Cell Physiol. 183, 182-95.
Zimmermann, D.R. and Ruoslahti, E. (1989). Multiple domains of the large fibroblast
