1003–1004 splenic vein, 1022–1023 superior mesenteric vein,

gas, 1021

portal hypertension, 1004–1021 tumors, 1022 splanchnic aneurysms,

1001–1004 celiac artery, 1002 hepatic artery, 1002–1003 pancreaticoduodenal

artery, 1004 splenic artery, 1002 superior mesenteric,

1003–1004 splenic vein, 1022–1023 superior mesenteric vein,

1023

vasculitides, 995–997 antiphospholipid

antibody syndrome, 988 Behçet’s syndrome,

995–996

Churg-Strauss syndrome, 887

Degos’ disease, 887 Henoch-Schönlein

purpura, 886

periarteritis nodosa, 886 systemic lupus

erythematosus, 887 Abdominal wall defects, 869–870 Abrikossoff ’s tumor, 34–35 Abscess

abdominal wall, 870 Crohn’s disease, 143 A

Abdominal vasculature, 975–1045 angiography, 978–979

aorta, 983–991 aneurysm, 983–991

atherosclerotic, 983–984 complications, 987–988 dissecting, 984–986 inflammatory, 984 intramural

ulcer/hematoma, 986 mycotic, 986–987 postoperative findings,

988–991 therapy, 988 aortitis, 991

atherosclerosis/stenosis, 983 Leriche’s syndrome, 991 arteriovenous malformations,

1040–1041

computed tomography, 975 congenital abnormalities,

979–981 aorta, 979 arteries, 979 veins, 980–981 vena cava, 979 examination and surgical

complications, 1041 inferior vena cava, 991–995

aneurysm, 995 filters, 994–995 obstruction, 991–993 tumor, 993–994

1047 magnetic resonance imaging,

976–978 renal vessels, 1027–1038

hypertension, 1027–1036 renal artery aneurysm,

1036–1037

renal and ureteric varices, 1038

renal vein occlusion, 1037–1038 scintigraphy, 978 trauma, 981–983

aorta, 981 arterial, 981–982 bleeding, 982–983 venous, 982

ultrasonography, 975–976 vascular fistulas, 1038–1040

aortocaval, 1038 aortoenteric, 1038 arterioportal, 1039 arterioureteral, 1039–1040 arteriovenous, 1039 cavoenteric, 1038 visceral vessels, 995–1027

Budd-Chiari syndrome, 1024–1027 dissection, 1004 inferior mesenteric and

pelvic veins, 1023 ischemia, 988–1001 portal vein, 1004–1022

aneurysm, 1021

calcification, 1022

Abscess (cont.)

female reproductive tract, 732

gallbladder, 440 intraperitoneal, 877–879 kidneys and ureters, 594–595 liver, 312–314

amebic, 313–314 pyogenic, 312–313 pancreas, 526–527 perinephric, 663 prostate, 813

psoas muscle, 879–880 spleen, 939–940 Accessory renal arteries,

1030–1031 Acetic acid injection, 377 Achalasia, 37–40

complications, 39 diagnosis, 38–39 etiology, 38 primary, 37–40 secondary, 40 treatment, 39–40 vigorous, 38

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome See HIV/AIDS Actinomycosal cystitis, 693 Actinomycosis

cholangitis, 452 colitis, 209

female reproductive tract, 733 kidneys and ureters, 597 liver, 320

Acute abdomen, 876–877 Acute acalculous cholecystitis,

446–447 Adenocarcinoma

appendix, 281 bladder, 704 colon, 224–238 duodenum, 115–116 gallbladder, 457–460 jejunum and ileum, 155–156 kidney, 606–624

pancreas, 530–542 uterus, 774–777 Adenoma

adrenals, 957–959 appendix, 290–291 bile duct, 467–468 bladder, 696–697

colon, 221

duodenum, 115–116 gallbladder, 457 gastric, 68

jejunum and ileum, 154 kidney, 606–624 liver, 356–358 pancreas, 530 paratesticular, 853 Adenoma malignum, 784 Adenomatosis, 358 Adenomyosis, 768–769 Adhesions

peritoneal, 925 small bowel, 166 Adrenal rests, 808–809 Adrenals, 953–974

biopsy, 854

computed tomography, 953 congenital abnormalities,

954–955

adrenal hyperplasia, 954 Beckwith-Wiedemann

syndrome, 955 Wolman’s disease, 954–955 cysts, 956

enlargement, 955 hemorrhage/hematoma,

969–972 adults, 970–972 neonates, 969–970 hyperplasia, 955 immunosuppression, 972 infection/inflammation,

955–956 insufficiency, 972

magnetic resonance imaging, 953

postoperative changes, 972 scintigraphy, 953–954 trauma, 955

tumors

adenoma versus

nonadenoma, 957–959 cortical hormone-

producing, 961–964 aldosteronism, 962–964 Cushing’s syndrome,

961–962 hemangioma, 969 incidental, 956–957 lymphoma, 968 medullary, 964–968

neuroblastoma/

ganglioneuroma, 966–968

pheochromocytoma, 964–966

metastases, 960–961 myelolipoma, 969

primary cortical adenoma- carcinoma, 959–960 ultrasonography, 953 Adult cavernous hemangioma,

343–347 clinical, 343 imaging, 344–347 therapy, 347

Adynamic ileus, 171–172 acute, 171–172

chronic (pseudo-obstruction), 172

Afferent loop syndrome, 98–99 Agammaglobulinemia, 133 Agenesis

bladder, 686 gallbladder, 425 pancreas, 504 renal, 576 AIDS See HIV/AIDS

Alagille’s syndrome, 429–430, 583 Aldosteronism, 962–964

Allergic colitis of infancy, 194 Alport’s syndrome, 583 Amebic abscess, 313–314 Amebic colitis, 207 Amyloidosis, 40, 146

bladder, 694 colon, 216 duodenum, 111 jejunum and ileum, 152 kidneys and ureters, 660 liver, 336–337

pancreas, 529 peritoneal, 888 spleen, 942 stomach, 66 Andersen’s disease, 304 Aneurysm

aorta, 983–991

hepatic artery, 356

inferior vena cava, 995

jejunum and ileum, 175

portal vein, 1021

renal artery, 1036–1037

small bowel, 175

splanchnic, 1001–1004 uterine artery, 791–792 Angiodysplasia, 122, 175

colon, 266 Angiography

abdominal vasculature, 978–979 computed tomography,

294–295 liver, 301

pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 539

renal artery stenosis, 1033 Angiolipoma, 358–359 Angiomyolipoma, 633–637 Angioneurotic edema, 151–152 Angioplasty, renal artery

stenosis, 1035–1036 Angiosarcoma

colon, 245 gastric, 84 liver, 384 Anisakiasis colitis, 209 gastric, 63–64 small bowel, 150

Anismus/incontinence, 260–261 Annular pancreas, 505, 506 Anomalous bile ducts, 426 Anorchia, 806–808 Anorexia nervosa, 92

Antepartum bleeding, 738–739 Antibiotic-associated

(pseudomembranous) colitis, 210–211 Antiphospholipid antibody

syndrome, 988 a

-Antitrypsin deficiency, 304 Anus, imperforate, 192–193 Aorta, 983–991

aneurysm, 983–991 atherosclerotic, 983–984 complications, 987–988 dissecting, 984–986 inflammatory, 984 intramural ulcer/

hematoma, 986 mycotic, 986–987 postoperative findings,

988–991 therapy, 988 aortitis, 991

atherosclerosis/stenosis, 983

congenital abnormalities, 979 Leriche’s syndrome, 991 trauma, 981

Aortitis, 991

Aortocaval fistula, 1038 Aortoenteric fistula, 1038 APACHE II score, 517–518 Appendicitis, 279–288

AIDS related, 287 chronic, 288–289 clinical, 279–280 diagnosis, 281–286

appendiceal gas, 281–282 appendicoliths, 281 comparison studies, 282–

283

computed tomography, 283–285

conventional radiographs, 283

magnetic resonance imaging, 285 scintigraphy, 285–286 ultrasonography, 285 differential conditions, 288 elderly patients, 287 inflammatory bowel disease,

286–287 pregnancy, 287 therapy, 287–288

colonoscopy, 288 laparoscopy, 287–288 unusual appearance, 286 Appendicoliths, 281 Appendix, 279–292

congenital abnormalities, 279

examination and surgical complications, 291 intussusception, 291 tumors, 289–291

adenoma/adenocarcinoma, 290–291

carcinoid, 290 cystic neoplasms, 290 endometriosis, 290 mucocele, 289–290 Arnold-Chiari malformation, 42 Arrowhead sign, 204

Arterioportal fistula, 1039 Arterioureteral fistula, 1039–

1040

Arteriovenous fistula, 1039

Arteriovenous malformations abdominal vasculature,

1040–1041 colon, 266

female reproductive tract, 790–791

kidney, 601 scrotum, 843 Ascariasis, 148–149, 452 Ascites, 889–892

ascitic hydrothorax, 891 biliary, 311–312, 891 chylous, 891–892 clinical, 889 imaging, 889–890 malignant, 890 in neonates, 891 nephrogenic, 890–891 pancreatic, 890

portal hypertension-induced, 890

Asherman’s syndrome, 733–734 Asplenia, 934

Atherosclerosis aorta, 983

renal artery stenosis, 1028–1029 Atresia

duodenum, 107–108 small bowel, 129–130 stomach, 56–57 Atrophic gastritis, 61 Autoimmune cholangitis, 455 Autoimmune gastritis, 61 Autoimmune hepatitis, 324 Autoimmune pancreatitis, 519 Autonomic dysreflexia, 715–

716

B

Bacteroides fragilis, 312 Barium enema, 185

colon, 268 colon cancer, 230 Barium studies

Crohn’s disease, 139–140 esophagus, 3–4

jejunum and ileum, 125 small bowel obstruction, 164 Barotrauma, 876

Barrett’s esophagus, 14–17

clinical signs, 14–16

imaging, 16–17

Bartonella henselae, 941 Bartter’s syndrome, 585 Basal cell nevus syndrome, 746 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome,

585, 955

Behçet’s syndrome, 139, 995–996 bladder, 694

esophagus, 19 Bezoars, 66

Bicornuate uterus, 724–725 Bile ducts See Gallbladder and

bile ducts Biliary colic, 487 Biliary drainage, 424–425 Biliary dyskinesia, 490–491 Biliary stones, 484–490

cholecystolithiasis, 485–487 choledocholithiasis, 487–490 clinical, 484–485

stone composition, 485 Biliopancreatic diversion, 101 Biloma, 311–312, 891 Biopsy

adrenals, 854 bowel wall, 128

cavernous hemangioma, 347 female reproductive tract, 722 gastric, 56

hepatocellular carcinoma, 370

kidneys and ureters, 575 liver, 301–302, 341

male reproductive tract, 802 pancreas, 504

pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 536–537

peritoneal, 868 renal adenoma/

adenocarcinoma, 614 spleen, 933

Bladder, 685–717 amyloidosis, 694 Behçet’s syndrome, 694 calcifications, 708

computed tomography, 685 congenital abnormalities,

686–689 agenesis, 686

cloacal exstrophy, 686–687 duplication, 686

urachal abnormalities, 688–689

cyst/neoplasm, 689

fistula and sinus tract, 688–689

infection, 689 ureterocele, 687–688 conventional cystography, 685 dilation/obstruction, 707 diverticula, 709–710 examination complications

catheter-related, 716 cystography, 715–716 fistula, 708–709 herniation, 710

immunusuppression, 712 incontinence, 710–712

children, 712 men, 712 women, 710–712 infection/inflammation,

691–694 Crohn’s disease, 694 cystitis, 691–694 malacoplakia, 694 intraluminal mass, 707 ischemia, 694

magnetic resonance imaging, 686

neurogenic, 707–708 postoperative changes

bladder augmentation, 713 continent urinary diversion,

713

orthotopic bladder reconstruction, 713–714

postoperative complications, 714–715

radiation effects, 694 scintigraphy, 686 systemic sclerosis, 694 trauma, 689–690 tumors, 694–707

benign neoplasms, 696–697 leiomyoma, 696

nephrogenic

metaplasia/adenoma, 696–697

papilloma, 696 malignant, 697–706

adenocarcinoma, 704 carcinosarcoma and

sarcomatoid carcinoma, 705–706

lymphoma, 705

metastases/invasion, 706 sarcoma, 705

small cell carcinoma, 706 squamous cell carcinoma,

704–705 transitional cell

carcinoma, 697–704 neuroendocrine tumors,

706–707 neurofibroma, 706 paraganglioma, 706–707 nonneoplastic, 694–696

condyloma, 695 cystitis cystica, 695 endometriosis, 695–696 hemangioma, 695 interureteric ridge edema,

694–695

pseudosarcoma, 695 ultrasonography, 686 wall thickening, 691–707 Bochdalek hernia, 918–919 Body packing, 264

Boerhaave’s syndrome, 9–10 Bolande’s tumor, 631–632 Bone marrow transplantation,

411, 674 Bosniak classification, 602 Botryomycosis, 320–321, 597 Bourneville-Pringle disease, 584 Bouveret’s syndrome, 119 Bowel duplication, 129 Bowel injury/perforation,

873–874

Bowel obstruction, 129–130 Bowel wall biopsy, 128 Brenner tumors, 759 Bronchogenic cyst, 5 Brucellosis, 597

scrotum, 838 spleen, 941

Budd-Chiari syndrome, 982, 1024–1027 clinical, 1024 imaging, 1025–1027 therapy, 1027 Bulbar tumors, 112 Bulimia, 92 Byler disease, 431

C

Calcification

bladder, 708

kidneys and ureters, 649–653 in cysts, 653

hyperoxaluria, 653 nephrocalcinosis, 652–653 sarcoidosis, 653

urolithiasis, 649–652 liver, 399

male reproductive tract, 854 pancreas, 522

peritoneal, 929–930 portal vein, 1022 spleen, 948

Cancer See Malignancy; Tumors Candida albicans, 595

Candidiasis

esophageal, 18–19, 48 liver, 319

spleen, 941

Carcinocarcinoma, 84–85 Carcinoid, 35, 86–87

appendix, 290 colon, 246–247 duodenum, 117 esophagus, 35

jejunum and ileum, 161–162 kidney, 640

liver, 396 ovarian, 764 pancreas, 558 peritoneal, 916–917 Carcinosarcoma

bladder, 705–706 colon, 245 esophagus, 32

Caroli’s disease, 306–307, 434 Castleman’s disease, 899–900 Cast syndrome, 119

Cathartic colitis, 212 Cat-scratch disease, 941 Caval fat tumor, 994 Cavernosography, 802 Cavoenteric fistula, 1038 Celiac disease, 43, 131–133 Cervical carcinoma, 778–784

adenoma malignum, 784 clinical, 778–779 detection, 779–780 staging, 780–782 therapy, 782–783

follow-up, 783–784 Cervical cyst, 773

Cervical osteophyte dysphagia, 43

Cervical pregnancy, 736–737 Cervical stenosis, 786 Cervicitis, 733

Chagas’ disease, 40, 173, 255 Chemical gastritis, 61–62 Chemoembolization, 374–376 Chilaiditi’s syndrome, 191 Chlamydia trachomatis, 312 Cholangiocellular carcinoma,

469–478 clinical, 469 cystic duct, 477–478 extrahepatic, 476–477 hilar (Klatskin tumor),

473–476 intrahepatic, 470–473 pathology, 469–470 Cholangiography, 419–422

bile duct tumors, 463 computed tomography,

419–420 endoscopic retrograde

cholangiography, 419 intravenous, 419, 489 MRI, 420–422 operative, 422

percutaneous transhepatic, 422

T-tube, 422 Cholangioscopy, 423 Cholangitis, 448–455 actinomycosis, 452 ascariasis, 451 autoimmune, 455 clonarchiasis, 451 fascioliasis, 451–452 hepatolithiasis, 449–451 primary sclerosing, 452–455 pyogenic, 449

tuberculosis, 452 Cholecystectomy

laparoscopic, 442 open, 441–442 percutaneous, 441 postoperative changes, 494 Cholecystitis, 110

acute, 436–437 acalculous, 446–447 emphysematous, 440 empyema/abscess, 440 eosinophilic, 440 gangrenous, 439–440 perforated, 439

chronic, 447–448 porcelain gallbladder,

448

xanthogranulomatous, 447–448

Cholecystitis glandularis proliferans, 456 Cholecystolithiasis, 485–487 Cholecystolithotomy, 486 Choledochal cyst, 432–434 Choledocholithiasis, 487–490 Cholelithoptysis, 445 Cholestasis, 325 Cholesterolosis, 456 Cholesterol polyp, 456 Choriocarcinoma, 740–741,

761–762 Chorionic rim sign, 734 Chromophil adenoma, 622–623 Chromophobe adenoma, 623 Chronic granulomatous disease,

19

Churg-Strauss syndrome, 887 Chyluria, 597

Ciliated (foregut) cyst, 355 Cirrhosis, 327–333

complications, 331–332 imaging, 328–330 Laënnec’s, 328 peritonitis, 881

primary biliary, 332–333 secondary biliary, 333 vascular abnormalities,

330–331

hepatic artery, 330–331 hepatic veins, 330 portal vein, 330 shunting, 330

Cirrhosis/hepatorenal syndrome, 659

Cloacal exstrophy, 686–687 Cloacal malformation, 729 Clonarchiasis, 451, 528

Closed loop obstruction, 167–168 Cocaine colitis, 212

Colitis allergic, 194 cocaine, 212

collagenous/microscopic/

lymphocytic, 212–213

cystica profunda, 213

detection of, 195–196

diversion, 213

Colitis (cont.)

drug-related, 210–212 infective, 206–209

actinomycosis, 209 amebic colitis, 207 anisakiasis, 209 Escherichia coli, 207 phlegmonous colitis, 207 schistosomiasis, 207–208 tuberculosis, 208–209 viral, 209

ischemic, 214–216 neutropenic, 209–210 phlebosclerotic, 216 Collagenous gastritis, 62 Collagenous/microscopic/

lymphocytic colitis, 212–213

Colon

benign neoplasms, 221–222 adenoma, 221

angiomyolipoma, 222 leiomyoma, 221 lipoma, 221–222 body packing, 264 congenital abnormalities,

191–195

allergic colitis in infancy, 194

cystic fibrosis, 194–195 duplication, 191–192 malposition, 191 obstruction, 192–194 short colon syndrome, 195 dilation/obstruction, 248–255

mechanical, 248–254 mechanical abnormalities,

254–255 diverticula, 255–256

evacuation disorders, 257–261 anismus/incontinence,

260–261 enterocele, 257 puborectalis syndrome,

260

rectal prolapse/solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, 258–260

rectocele, 257–258 examination and surgical

complications, 268–270 barium enema, 268 colonoscopy, 268–269

postlaparoscopy, 270 postresection, 269–270 fistula, 262–264, 263

genitourinary tract, 263 perianal, 262–263

immunosuppression, 267–268 infection, 267

neoplasm, 267 infection/inflammation,

195–217 amyloidosis, 216

colitis cystica profunda, 213 collagenous/microscopic/

lymphocytic colitis, 212–213

detection of colitis, 195–196 diversion colitis, 213 diverticulitis, 203–206 drug-related colitis, 210–212 epiploic appendagitis,

216–217

infective colitis, 206–209 inflammatory bowel disease,

196–203

ischemic colitis, 214–216 malacoplakia, 213 neonatal necrotizing

enterocolitis, 213–214 radiation proctocolitis, 216 typhlitis/neutropenic colitis,

209–210

malignant neoplasms, 224–248 adenocarcinoma, 224–239 adenosquamous/squamous

cell carcinoma, 244 anaplastic carcinoma, 244 angiosarcoma, 245 associated conditions,

225–226

carcinomsarcoma, 245 clinical, 224–225 detection, 230–232 genetics, 225 histiocytoma, 245 lymphoma, 244–245 melanoma, 246 metachronous cancers,

226

metastases or direct invasion, 246 nonrectal carcinoma,

238–239 palliation, 240–241

pathology, 229–230 recurrence and follow-up,

241–244 rhabdoid tumor, 246 sarcoma, 245 screening, 226–229 staging, 235–238 synchronous cancers, 226 therapy, 239–244 uncommon presentation,

232–233

neuroendocrine tumors, 246–248

non-neoplastic tumors, 217–221

endometriosis, 219–221 hamartoma, 218 hemangioma, 218–219 hyperplastic polyps, 217–218 inflammatory fibroid polyp,

218

inflammatory pseudotumor, 218

juvenile polyp, 218 lymphangioma, 219 lymphoid nodules, 219 xanthelasma, 221 nonspecific ulcer, 261 perforation, 261 pneumatosis coli, 264 polyposis syndromes, 222–224

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, 224 familial adenomatous

polyposis, 222–223 juvenile polyposis

syndromes, 224 multiple hamartoma

syndrome (Cowden’s syndrome), 223–224 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 224 Turcot’s syndrome, 223 scintigraphy, 191 trauma, 195

obstetrical, 195 perforation, 195 ultrasonography, 190–191 vascular lesions, 264–267

angiodysplasia, 266

arteriovenous malformation, 266

detection, 264–265

Dieulafoy lesion, 267

diverticular bleeding, 265 juvenile polyps, 267 portal hypertensive

colopathy, 266–267 therapy, 265

varices, 266

wall thickening, 195–248 Colonoscopy, 186–190

appendicitis, 288 complications, 268–269

disinfection-related, 268 perforation, 268–269 septicemia, 268 computed tomography,

186–188 conventional, 186

magnetic resonance imaging, 188–190

Colorectal vesical fistula, 263 Comb sign, 141

Comet sign, 643 Complex cyst, 604 Computed tomography

abdominal vasculature, 975 acute pancreatitis, 515–516 adrenals, 953

adult cavernous hemangioma, 344–345

appendicitis, 283–285 bile duct tumors, 462 bladder, 685

cholangiography, 419–420 choledocholithiasis, 488 chronic pancreatitis, 521 colon cancer, 231 colonoscopy, 186–188 Crohn’s disease, 140–141 esophagus, 4

female reproductive tract, 720

gallbladder tumors, 455–456 gastric cancer, 76

hepatocellular carcinoma, 363–365

jejunum and ileum, 126 kidneys and ureters, 571–572 liver, 293–295, 339, 341 multirow, 293

multislice, 293 pancreas, 501

pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 534–535, 538 peritoneal, 865

renal adenoma/

adenocarcinoma, 610–611

renal artery stenosis, 1031 small bowel obstruction,

164–166 spiral, 293 stomach, 55

Computed tomography angiography, 294–295 Computed tomography arterial portography, 294–295 Computed tomography

enteroclysis, 126 Crohn’s disease, 141 Computed tomography hepatic

arteriography, 295 Condyloma of bladder, 695 Congenital abnormalities, 279

abdominal vasculature, 979–981 aorta, 979 arteries, 979 veins, 980–981 vena cava, 979 adrenals, 954–955

adrenal hyperplasia, 954

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 955 Wolman’s disease,

954–955 appendix, 279 bladder, 686–689

agenesis, 686

cloacal exstrophy, 686–687 duplication, 686

urachal abnormalities, 688–689

cyst/neoplasm, 689 fistula and sinus tract,

688–689 infection, 689 ureterocele, 687–688 colon, 191–195

allergic colitis in infancy, 194

cystic fibrosis, 194–195 duplication, 191–192 malposition, 191 obstruction, 192–194 short colon syndrome,

195

duodenum

atresia, stenosis, web, 107–108 duplication, 107 esophagus

atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula, 5–7

bronchogenic cyst, 5 duplication, 5

short esophagus/congenital esophageal stenosis, 5 vascular anomalies, 7–8 female reproductive tract,

722–729

cloacal malformation, 729 McCune-Albright syndrome,

729

Müllerian duct anomalies, 722–728

agenesis/hypoplasia, 723, 724

bicornuate uterus, 724–725

didelphys, 724, 725, 726, 727

diethyl stilbestrol-related, 727–728

imaging, 722–723 septate uterus, 725, 727,

728

unicornuate uterus, 723, 725

sex differentiation abnormalities, 728–792

vagina and urethra, 729 gallbladder and bile ducts,

425–435

anomalous bile ducts, 426 Caroli’s disease, 434 choledochal cyst, 432–434 cholestatic conditions

Alagille’s syndrome, 429–430

familial

hyperbilirubinemias, 430–431

neonatal cholestasis, 428–429

progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, 431

cystic fibrosis, 431–432

Congenital abnormalities (cont.) gallbladder

agenesis, 425

ectopic gallbladder, 426 multiple gallbladders, 425 multiseptate gallbladder,

425–426 metachromic

leukodystrophy, 434–435

sphincter of Oddi region anomalies, 426–428 jejunum and ileum

agammaglobulinemia, 133 celiac disease, 131–133 cystic fibrosis, 130 duplication, 129 obstruction, 129–130 rotation, 128–129

kidneys and ureters, 576–587 Alagille’s syndrome, 583 Alport’s syndrome, 583 Bartter’s syndrome, 585 Beckwith-Wiedemann

syndrome, 585 congenital hydronephrosis

and hydroureter, 586–587

duplicated collecting system, 576–577

ectopia, 577–579

familial glomerulosclerosis, 584

glomerulocystic disease, 583

hemophilia, 585 hypoplasia, 576

medullary cystic disease, 583–584

multicystic dysplasia, 579–580 nephroptosis, 579

polycystic disease, 580–583 renal agenesis, 576 screening for, 576 sickle cell disease, 585 tuberous sclerosis, 584 tyrosinemia, 585–586 von Hippel-Lindau disease,

584–585 liver, 302–309

accessory lobe, 302–303 Gaucher’s disease, 305

glycogen storage disease, 303–304

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 94, 307–309

lobe atresia/agenesis, 302 Niemann-Pick disease, 305 polycystic diseases, 305–307 sickle cell disease, 305 situs inversus, 302 tyrosinemia, 304 Wilson’s disease, 304–305 a

-antitrypsin deficiency,

304

male reproductive tract, 802–809

persistent Müllerian duct syndrome, 803 prostate, 802 testes, 806–809

adrenal rests, 808–809 anorchia/cryptorchidism,

806–808 dysplasia, 808 polyorchidism, 808 splenogonadal fusion, 808 vas deferens, 808

urethra, 803–806 diverticulum, 805 duplication, 803 epispadias, 806 hypospadias, 805–806 megalourethra, 806 strictures, 804 valves, 803–804 Wolffian duct structures,

802–803 pancreas, 504–510

aberrant duct insertion, 507

agenesis, 504

annular pancreas, 505, 506 cysts, 507

ectopic pancreas, 506–507 hereditary dysfunction,

507–509

cystic fibrosis, 507–508 pancreatitis, 508 histiocytosis, 507 multiple endocrine

neoplasia syndromes, 509–510

pancreas divisum, 504, 506

von Hippel-Lindau disease, 510

peritoneal, 868–870 abdominal wall defects,

869–870 diaphragmatic

abnormalities, 870 heterotaxy syndrome,

868–869

Noonan’s syndrome, 870 situs, 868

spleen, 933–935 accessory spleen, 934 asplenia and polysplenia,

934

Gaucher’s disease, 934–935 malposition, 933–934 Niemann-Pick disease,

935

sickle cell disease, 935 splenogonadal fusion, 934 thalassemia, 935

Congenital hepatic fibrosis, 306–307

Congenital hydronephrosis/

hydroureter, 586–587 Contrast studies

intussusception, 252–254 jejunum and ileum, 125 liver

computed tomography, 295

NMR, 298–299 ultrasonography, 296 stomach, 55

See also individual contrast media

Cornual pregnancy, 736 Corpus luteum cysts, 749 Courvoisier gallbladder, 531 Cowden’s syndrome, 223–224 Cowper’s glands, 832 Crigler-Najar syndrome, 430 Crohn’s disease, 198–199

bladder, 694 clinical, 198 complications, 199 duodenum, 110 esophagus, 18 imaging, 198–199

jejunum and ileum, 137–146 associated conditions,

138–139

clinical picture, 137–138 complications, 142–145 differential diagnosis, 139 imaging, 139–142 outcome, 145

pathologic findings, 139 stomach, 63

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, 70, 224

Cryoablation, 379–380, 394 Cryptorchidism, 806–808 CT See Computed tomography Cushing’s syndrome, 961–962 Cyst

adrenal, 956 bronchogenic, 5 cervical, 773 choledochal, 432–434 ciliated (foregut), 355 corpus luteum, 749 dermoid, 749–751 dialysis-acquired, 662 echinococcal, 596–597 epidermoid, 841 epididymal, 842 follicular, 748–749 gastric, 66–67 hemorrhagic, 749 hydatid, 314–318 inclusion, 895

lymphoepithelial, 529–530 mesenteric, 894–895 Müllerian, 814 omental, 895 pancreas, 507

paraovarian/paratubal, 749 paravaginal, 784–785 peribiliary, 354–355 presacral, 895–896 prostatic, 814 renal

complex, 604

hemorrhagic, 604–605 infected, 604

parapelvic, 604 small bowel, 134 spleen, 945–946 testicular, 840–841 theca-lutein, 749 tunica albuginea, 841 urachal, 689

Cystica polyposa, 67 Cystic dystrophy, 111

Cystic fibrosis, 130, 194–195, 431–432

pancreas, 507–508 Cystic partially differentiated

nephroblastoma, 629–630 Cystitis, 691–694

actinomycosal, 693 emphysematous, 692 eosinophilic, 692 fungal, 692

granulomatous, 693–694 hemorrhagic, 691–692 imaging findings, 691 interstitial, 691 schistosomal, 693 tuberculous, 693 Cystitis cystica, 695 Cystocele, 710, 843 Cystography, 685

complications, 715–716 Cytomegalovirus, 63

jejunum and ileum, 150

D

Daughter cyst sign, 748 Degos’ disease, 887 Dengue fever, 448, 528 Dermoid cyst, 749–751 Diabetes insipidus, 646 Diabetes mellitus, 91, 559–560

and celiac disease, 133 Diabetic nephropathy, 657–658 Diaphragm, 926

abnormalities, 870 hernia, 918–991 trauma, 874–876

Didelphys uterus, 724, 725, 726, 727

Diethyl stilbestrol, 727–728 Dieulafoy lesions, 44, 94–95,

122 colon, 267

jejunum and ileum, 175–176 Diffuse esophageal spasm, 41 Dissecting aneurysm, 984–986 Diversion colitis, 213

Diverticula bladder, 709–710 colon, 255–256, 265 duodenum

intraluminal, 121 peri-Vaterian, 120–121

female reproductive tract, 786–787

giant, 256–257

jejunum and ileum, 173–174 kidneys and ureters, 649 rectal, 256

stomach, 93–94

urethra, 786–787, 805, 831 Diverticulitis, 110, 203–206

clinical, 203

complications, 205–206 imaging, 203–205 therapy, 206

Double-bubble sign, 505 Double-contrast abdominal CT,

126

Drug-related colitis, 210–212 Drug-related hepatitis, 324 Dubin-Johnson syndrome, 431 Duct of Bellini carcinoma, 623 Duodenitis, 109

Duodenum, 107–124 amyloidosis, 111 congenital abnormalities

atresia, stenosis, web, 107–108 duplication, 107 cystic dystrophy, 111 dilation/obstruction,

118–120 extrinsic causes, 120 gallstone ileus, 118–119 intussusception, 119–120 superior mesenteric artery

syndrome, 119 diverticula

intraluminal, 121 peri-Vaterian, 120–121 infection/inflammation,

109–111

cholecystitis, dialysis and pancreatitis, 110 Crohn’s disease, 110 diverticulitis, 110 duodenitis, 109 peptic ulcer disease,

109–110 tuberculosis, 110–111 melanosis, 121

necrosis, 111

perforation/fistula, 121–122 sarcoidosis, 111

trauma, 108–109

Duodenum (cont.) tumors, 111–118

adenoma/adenocarcinoma, 115–116

bulbar tumors, 112 hamartoma, 111–112 heterotopic tissue, 111 hyperplastic/metaplastic,

111

lymphoma/leukemia, 116 mesenchymal, 116 metastasis or direct

invasion, 116–117 neuroendocrine, 117–118 periampullary tumors,

112–115

polyposis syndromes, 112 vascular lesions

angiodysplasia/

telangiectasia, 122 Dieulafoy lesion, 122 therapy, 122–123 varices, 122

wall thickening, 109–118 See also Jejunum and ileum Duplication

bladder, 686 bowel, 129, 191–192 esophagus, 5 stomach, 56 urethra, 803 Dysgerminoma, 760 Dysphagia, 36–37 Dysphagia aortica, 43 Dysplastic nodules, 353–354

E

Eagle-Barrett syndrome, 869–870 Echinococcal cyst, 596–597 Echinococcosis, 885

Echinococcus granulosus, 314, 596 Echinococcus multilocularis, 315,

596

Echinococcus vogelii, 315 Ectopic gallbladder, 426 Ectopic kidney, 577–579 Ectopic pancreas, 506–507 Ectopic pregnancy, 735–737,

917–918 cervical, 736–737 cornual, 736 ovarian, 736 tubal, 735–736

Ectopic splenic tissue, 600 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 173 Ejaculatory duct disorders, 829 Elderly patients, appendicitis, 287 Embryonal cell carcinoma, 761 Emphysematous cholecystitis,

440

Emphysematous cystitis, 692 Emphysematous gastritis, 64–65 Emphysematous pyelonephritis,

593–594 Empyema, 440

Endometrial polyps, 768 Endometrioid neoplasms, 756 Endometriosis, 154, 219–221, 733

appendix, 290 bladder, 695–696 peritoneal, 927 ureteral, 646 Endometrium

atrophy/hyperplasia, 766–767 laser ablation, 794

ossification, 767 Endoscopic retrograde

cholangiography, 419 Endoscopic retrograde

cholangiopancreatogra phy, 495–497

complications, 562–563 pancreatic adenocarcinoma,

536 Endoscopy

colon cancer, 230–231 esophagus, 50 Enteritis, acute, 146–147 Enterocele, 257

Enterocolitis

chronic idiopathic, 146 Yersinia, 147

Enterovesical fistula, 709 Eosinophilic cholecystitis, 440 Eosinophilic esophagitis, 19 Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, 63 Epidermoid cyst, 841

Epidermolysis bullosa, 36 Epididymal cyst, 842 Epididymitis, 836–837 Epiploic appendagitis, 216–217 Epispadias, 806

Epstein-Barr virus, 323, 941 Erdheim-Chester disease, 599,

888 Escherichia coli, 207

Esophageal atresia, 5–7 Esophageal varices, 44–47

clinical signs, 44–45 imaging, 45–46 ligation, 47 therapy, 46–47 Esophagitis

eosinophilic, 19 immunosuppression,

candidiasis, 48 phlegmonous, 18 reflux, 12–14 viral, 19 Esophagus, 3–55

barium studies, 3–4 Behçet’s syndrome, 19 computed tomography, 4 congenital abnormalities

atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula, 5–7

bronchogenic cyst, 5 duplication, 5

short esophagus/congenital esophageal stenosis, 5 vascular anomalies, 7–8 diverticula, 43–44

conventional, 43 Killian-Jamieson, 44 pseudodiverticulosis, 44 Zenker’s, 43–44 dynamic recording, 3 examination complications

endoscopy related, 50 stricture dilation, 51 surgery, 51

fibrosis, 20 fistula, 44

foreign bodies, 11–12 immunosuppression

AIDS, 48–49

posttransplant, 49–50 infection/inflammation

Barrett’s esophagus, 14–17 candidiasis, 18–19 chronic granulomatous

disease, 19 Crohn’s disease, 18 drug-induced, 17

eosinophilic esophagitis, 19 histoplasmosis, 19

phlegmonous esophagitis, 18 reflux/reflux esophagitis,

12–14

thermal/corrosive injury, 17–18

tuberculosis, 18 viral esophagitis, 19 magnetic resonance imaging, 4 manometry, 4

motility disorders/dilation, 36–43

achalasia, 37–40 Arnold-Chiari

malformation, 42 celiac disease, 43 cervical osteophyte

dysphagia, 43 diffuse esophageal spasma,

41

dysphagia aortica, 43 dysphagia and dysmotility,

36–37

globus pharyngis, 42 Guillain-Barré syndrome,

42–43 myasthenia, 41 myotonic dystrophy, 41 oculopharyngeal muscular

dystrophy, 42 Parkinson’s disease, 42 penetration and aspiration,

37

progressive supranuclear palsy, 42

progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), 40–41

Sjögren’s syndrome, 43 stroke, 41

postoperative changes pharyngeal surgery, 50 postesophagectomy, 50 radiation effects, 19–20 sarcoidosis, 20 scintigraphy, 4 trauma, 8–11

hematoma, 8–9 perforation, 9–11

Boerhaave’s syndrome, 9–10

clinical, 9 imaging, 10–11 Mallory-Weiss tear, 9 therapy, 11

tumors, 20–35 carcinoids, 35

carcinoma, 22 carcinosarcoma, 32 clinical signs, 22–23 complications, 27

complications of therapy, 30 detection, 24

fibrovascular polyp, 20–21 granular cell, 34–35 hemangioma, 21 heterotopic pancreas, 21 histiocytoma, 32 leiomyoma, 21–22 leiomyosarcoma, 31–32 liposarcoma, 32 melanoma, 32–33

metastases/direct invasion, 33

palliation, 29–30 papilloma, 21 pathology, 23–24 pharyngeal, 22

recurrence/metastasis, 30–31 schwannomas, 33–34 sebaceous gland, 20 staging, 24–27 therapy, 27–29 ultrasonography, 4 vascular lesions

Dieulafoy lesions, 44 varices, 44–47 webs and rings, 35

epidermolysis bullosa, 36 pemphigoid, 36

Plummer-Vinson syndrome, 36

Schatzki’s ring, 36 Ethanol therapy, 376–377, 392 Evacuation disorders, 257–261

anismus/incontinence, 260–261 enterocele, 257

puborectalis syndrome, 260 rectal prolapse/solitary rectal

ulcer syndrome, 258–260 rectocele, 257–258 Extracorporeal shock-wave

lithotripsy, 523 Extramedullary hematopoiesis,

68, 354, 942

Extraperitoneal soft tissues See Peritoneum

Extratesticular fluid, 842

F

Fallopian tube diverticula, 786 obstruction, 785–786 torsion, 731

tumors, 765–766

Familial adenomatous polyposis, 222–223

Familial glomerulosclerosis, 584 Familial hyperbilirubinemias,

430–431

Crigler-Najar syndrome, 430 Dubin-Johnson syndrome, 431 Gilbert’s syndrome, 430 Rotor’s syndrome, 431 Familial polyposis, 70 Fascioliasis, 451–452 Fatty liver, 325–327 Fecal incontinence, 260–261 Fecal tagging, 190

Female reproductive tract, 719–799 acute gynecological

conditions, 730 biopsy, 722

computed tomography, 720 congenital abnormalities,

722–729

cloacal malformation, 729 McCune-Albright syndrome,

729

Müllerian duct anomalies, 722–728

agenesis/hypoplasia, 723, 724

bicornuate uterus, 724–725

didelphys, 724, 725, 726, 727

diethyl stilbestrol-related, 727–728

imaging, 722–723 septate uterus, 725, 727,

728

unicornuate uterus, 723, 725

sex differentiation

abnormalities, 728–729 vagina and urethra, 729 diverticula, 786–787

Fallopian tube, 786

urethra, 786–787

fistulas, 787

Female reproductive tract (cont.) hysterosalpingography, 719,

795

immunosuppression, 792 infection/inflammation,

732–734 abscess, 732 actinomycosis, 733

endometriosis/cervicitis, 733 pelvic inflammatory disease,

732

salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 733

tuberculosis, 732–733 uterine synechiae, 733–734 infertility, 741

magnetic resonance imaging, 721

obstruction, 785–786 cervix, 786

Fallopian tubes, 785–786 urethra, 786

pneumatosis, 789 post-chemotherapy, 793 post-hormone therapy, 793 postoperative changes, 793–794 postradiation therapy, 794–795 pregnancy

antepartum bleeding, 738–739 ectopic, 735–737 gestational trophoblastic

disease, 739–741 heterotopic, 737 normal, 734–735 ovarian hyperstimulation

syndrome, 741 placenta, 738

postpartum bleeding, 739 preeclampsia, 737–738 uterine dehiscence, 737 uterine rupture, 737 prolapse and pelvic floor

abnormalities, 787–789 scintigraphy, 721–722 torsion, 730–731

Fallopian tube, 731 ovary, 730–731 uterus, 731 trauma, 729–730 tumors, 741–785

differential diagnosis, 741–743

endometriosis, 743–745 Fallopian tube and broad

ligament, 765–766 ovary and adnexa, 745–765

benign tumors, 746 carcinoid, 764

corpus luteum cysts, 749 endometrioid neoplasms,

756

fibroma/thecoma, 746 follicular cysts, 748–749 granulosa cell tumor,

746–747

hemorrhagic cysts, 749 leukemia/lymphoma, 763 malignant germ cell

tumor, 760–762 mature cystic

teratoma/dermoid cyst, 749–751

Meigs’ syndrome, 764–765 metastases, 762–763 paraovarian and

paratubal cysts, 749 polycystic disease, 752 primary ovarian

neuroendocrine tumors, 764

renin secreting tumor, 764 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor,

747

small cell carcinoma, 763–764

struma ovarii, 751–752 theca-lutein cysts, 749 primary epithelial

neoplasms, 752–759 urethra, 785

uterus, 766–784

benign tumors, 768–774 endometrial

atrophy/hyperplasia, 766–767

endometrial ossification, 767

malignant tumors, 774–784 vagina, 784–785

carcinoma, 784 melanoma, 784 metastasis/invasion, 784 paravaginal cysts, 784–785 sarcoma, 784

tumor seeding, 795 ultrasonography, 720–721 vascular lesions, 789–792

arteriovenous

malformations, 790–791 bleeding, 789

hemangioma, 790 ovarian varicocele/pelvic

congestion syndrome, 789

ovarian vein

thrombophlebitis/thro mbosis, 789–790 uterine artery aneurysms,

791–792 Femoral hernia, 919 Fibroepithelial polyp, 601 Fibroids, 769–773

clinical, 769 complications, 771 imaging, 770–771 lipoleiomyoma, 769–770 therapy, 771–773

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, 380–381 Fibroma See Inflammatory

pseudotumor Fibroma/thecoma, 746 Fibromuscular dysplasia, 1028 Fibrosis

esophagus, 20 liver, 333–334

Fibrovascular polyp, 20–21 Filariasis, 597

peritoneal, 885 scrotum, 838–839 Fistula

aortocaval, 1038 aortoenteric, 1038 arterioportal, 1039 arterioureteral, 1039–1040 arteriovenous, 1039 bladder, 708–709 cavoenteric, 1038 colon, 262–264

genitourinary, 263 perianal, 262–263 duodenum, 121–122 female reproductive tract,

787 peritoneal, 925

small bowel, 134, 137, 143–144,

173

urachal, 688–689 urethra, 830

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, 312 Focal nodular hyperplasia,

348–351 Focal segmental

glomerulosclerosis, 658–659

Follicular cysts, 748–749 Foramen of Winslow hernia,

923

Forbes-Cori’s disease, 304 Foreign bodies

esophagus, 11–12 peritoneum, 927 small bowel obstruction,

170–171 swallowed, 92 Fournier’s gangrene, 839 Fulminant hepatic failure,

323–324 Fundoplication, 98 Fungal cystitis, 692 Fungal infection

kidney, 595 liver, 318–319

G

Gallbladder and bile ducts, 419–500

bile duct tumors/obstruction, 461–484

benign neoplasms adenoma/papilloma/

papillomatosis, 467–468 adenomyoma, 468 benign strictures, 463–465 clinical, 461

cystic neoplasms, 482–483 detection, 461–463

cholangiography, 463 computed tomography,

462

scintigraphy, 463 ultrasonography, 462–463 extrinsic obstruction, 466 malignant neoplasms

cholangiocellular carcinoma, 469–478 hepatocellular carcinoma,

478

lymphoma/leukemia, 478–479

melanoma, 479 metastases, 479–480 papilla of Vater

carcinoma, 478 sarcoma, 479 therapy, 480–482 Mirizzi syndrome, 465–466 neuroendocrine, 483–484 nonneoplastic tumors,

466–467 phytobezoar, 465 sphincter of Oddi

stenosis/dysfunction, 464

biliary drainage, 424–425 biliary dyskinesia, 490–491 biliary stones, 484–490

cholecystolithiasis, 485–487 choledocholithiasis, 487–490 clinical, 484–485

stone composition, 485 cholangiography, 419–422 computed tomography,

419–420

endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, 419 intravenous, 419

MRI, 420–422 operative, 422

percutaneous transhepatic, 422

T-tube, 422 cholangioscopy, 423 congenital abnormalities,

425–435

anomalous bile ducts, 426 Caroli’s disease, 434 choledochal cyst, 432–434 cholestatic conditions

Alagille’s syndrome, 429–430

familial

hyperbilirubinemias, 430–431

neonatal cholestasis, 428–429

progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, 431

cystic fibrosis, 431–432 gallbladder

agenesis, 425

ectopic gallbladder, 426

multiple gallbladders, 425 multiseptate gallbladder,

425–426 metachromic

leukodystrophy, 434–435

sphincter of Oddi region anomalies, 426–428 examination complications

biopsy, 497

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogra phy, 495–497

percutaneous

cholangiography, 497 poststenting, 497

fistula, 491

gallbladder hydrops, 491 gallbladder torsion/volvulus,

491

gallbladder tumors, 455–461 benign adenoma, 457 computed tomography,

455–456 malignant

adenocarcinoma, 457–460 lymphoma, 461

melanoma, 461 metastases, 461 MRI, 456 nonneoplastic

adenomyoma/

adenomyomatosis, 456–457

cholesterol polyp/

cholesterolosis, 456 ectopic tissue, 457 hyperplastic/

inflammatory polyp, 457

ultrasonography, 456 immunosuppression, 493–494 infection/inflammation,

436–455

acute cholecystitis, 436–447 acute acalculous, 446–447 emphysematous, 440 empyema/abscess, 440 eosinophilic, 440 gangrenous, 439–440 perforated, 439 cholangitis, 448–455

actinomycosis, 452

Gallbladder and bile ducts (cont.) ascariasis, 451

autoimmune, 455 clonarchiasis, 451 fascioliasis, 451–452 hepatolithiasis, 449–451 primary sclerosing,

452–455 pyogenic, 449 tuberculosis, 452 chronic cholecystitis,

447–448

porcelain gallbladder, 448

xanthogranulomatous, 447–448

Dengue fever, 448 oral cholecystography, 423 pericholecystic fluid

collections, 493 postoperative changes

biliary-enteric anastomoses, 494–495

postcholecystectomy, 494 sump syndrome, 494 scintigraphy, 423–424 trauma, 435–436

ultrasonography, 422–423 vascular lesions, 491–493

hemobilia, 491–492 varices, 492–493 Gallstone ileus, 118–119, 170

colonic, 254

Gallstone pancreatitis, 516–517 Ganglioneuroma, 914, 966–968 Gangrenous cholecystitis,

439–440 Gastric banding, 101 Gastric bypass, 100 Gastric dilation, 87–92 Gastric hernia, 92–93

Gastric outlet obstruction, 88–92 Gastrinoma, 117–118, 396–397,

556–557 Gastritis, 59–62

atrophic/autoimmune, 61 chemical, 61–62

classification, 60 clinical, 59–60 collagenous, 62 diagnosis, 60–61 emphysematous, 64–65 granulomatous, 62

lymphocytic, 62 phlegmonous, 64–65

Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor, 86

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 82–83

Gastroparesis, 91 Gastroplasty, 100–101 Gastroschisis, 869 Gastrostomy, 102–103

Gaucher’s disease, 305, 934–935 Genitourinary complications,

Crohn’s disease, 144 Genitourinary fistula, 263 Gestational trophoblastic disease,

739–741 Giardiasis, 147

Gilbert’s syndrome, 430 Globus pharyngis, 42 Glomerulocystic disease, 583 Glomerulonephritis, 658 Glomus tumor, 87 Glucagonoma, 557–558 Glycogen storage disease,

303–304

Gonadal disorders, women, 728 Graft-versus-host disease,

177–178

Granular cell myoblastoma, 34–35

Granuloma, 339

Granulomatous cystitis, 693–694 Granulomatous gastritis, 62 Granulomatous hepatitis, 324 Granulosa cell tumor, 746–747 Grawitz tumor, 606

Groove carcinoma, 536 Groove pancreatitis, 518 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 42–43

H

Halo sign, 165 Hamartoma

bile duct, 466–468 colon, 218

duodenum, 111–112 kidney, 601 spleen, 945 Hantavirus, 598 Hartmann’s pouch, 269 Helicobacter pylori, 58–59,

109–110 HELLP syndrome, 337

Hemangioendothelioma, 397–398 epithelioid, 397–398

kaposiform, 397 Hemangioma

adrenals, 969

adult cavernous, 343–347 bladder, 695

colon, 218–219 esophagus, 21

female reproductive tract, 790 infantile, 347–348

jejunum and ileum, 153 kidney, 601

peritoneum, 896 testis, 852

Hemangiopericytoma kidneys and ureters, 638 liver, 399

peritoneum, 911 stomach, 69 uterus, 773 Hematocele, 843 Hematoma

adrenals, 969–972 aorta, 986 esophagus, 8–9

jejunum and ileum, 136–137 liver, 310–311

perinephric, 663 peritoneum, 893–894 spleen, 936–937 Hemobilia, 491–492 Hemochromatosis, 529

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, 659 Hemoperitoneum, 892–893 Hemophilia, 585

Hemorrhage

small bowel, 136–137 Crohn’s disease, 144 Hemorrhagic cystitis, 691–692 Hemorrhagic cysts, 749 Hemorrhagic pancreatitis, 511 Hemospermia, 829–830 Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 886 Hepar lobatum, 386

Hepatic artery aneurysm, 356 Hepatic vein thrombosis, 1027 Hepatitis, 321–325

autoimmune, 324 drug/toxin-related, 324 fulminant hepatic failure/

necrosis, 323–324

granulomatous, 324

imaging, 323 peliosis, 348 radiation, 324–325 viral, 321–323

Epstein-Barr virus, 323 hepatitis A, 321 hepatitis B, 321 hepatitis C, 321–322 hepatitis D, 322 hepatitis E, 322 hepatitis G, 322 Hepatoblastoma, 383–384 Hepatocellular carcinoma,

359–380

atriovenous shunting, 361 biopsy, 370

clinical, 359–360 detection, 361–370 follow-up, 380 pathology, 360–361 regression, 380

with sarcomatous changes, 381

screening, 360 staging, 370–372 therapy, 372–380

Hepatoid carcinoma, 543, 761 Hepatolithiasis, 449–451 Hereditary hemorrhagic

telangiectasia, 94, 307–309

Hereditary pancreatitis, 508 Hernia

Bochdalek, 918–919 diaphragmatic, 918–991 femoral, 919

gastric, 92–93 incisional, 922 inguinal, 919–920 internal, 922–925 lumbar, 921–922 Morgagni, 918 obturator, 920 sciatic foramen, 922 spigelian, 920–921 ureteral, 646 ventral, 919 Hers disease, 304

Heterotaxy syndrome, 868–869 Heterotopic pancreas, 68 Heterotopic pregnancy, 737 Hirschsprung’s disease, 193–194

in adults, 194

Histiocytoma colon, 245 gastric, 84

inferior vena cava, 994 kidney, 638

liver, 384–385 Histiocytosis, 507 Histoplasmosis, 19, 64

spleen, 941 HIV/AIDS

appendicitis, 287 esophagus, 48–49

gallbladder and bile ducts, 493–494

jejunum and ileum, 176–177 kidney and ureters, 664–665 liver, 401–402

male reproductive tract, 858

peritoneal, 927–928 stomach in, 98 Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 49 Horseshoe kidney, 578

Human immunodeficiency virus See HIV/AIDS Hydatid cyst, 314–318 Hydatid disease, 940 Hydatidiform mole, 739–740 Hydrometrocolpos, 773–774 Hydrosalpinx, 785

Hydrosonography, 501 Hyperinsulinoma, 555–556 Hypernephroma, 606 Hyperoxaluria, 653 Hyperplastic polyp, 67 Hypersplenism, 941–942 Hypospadias, 805–806 Hyposplenism, 942

Hypoxic liver perfusion, 392 Hysterectomy, 794

Hysterosalpingography, 719 complications, 795

I

Idiopathic granulomatous appendicitis, 286 Idiopathic portal hypertension,

401 Ileal pouch, 179 Ileosigmoid knot, 168 Ileostomy, complications,

178–179

Ileum See Jejunum and ileum

Imaging studies See individual modalities

Immunosuppression, 98 adrenals, 972 bladder, 712 colon, 267–268 esophagitis, 48–50

jejunum and ileum, 176–178 kidney and ureters, 664–665 peritoneum, 927–928 spleen, 949

stomach, 98 Imperforate anus, 192 Impotence, 833 Incisional hernia, 922 Incontinence, 710–712

fecal, 260–261 urinary

children, 712 men, 712 women, 710–712 Infant hypertrophic pyloric

stenosis, 88–89 Infantile hemangioma, 347–348 Infection/inflammation

adrenals, 955–956 bladder, 691–694

Crohn’s disease, 694 cystitis, 691–694 malacoplakia, 694 colon, 195–217

amyloidosis, 216 colitis cystica profunda,

213 collagenous/

microscopic/lymphocyt ic colitis, 212–213 detection of colitis, 195–196 diversion colitis, 213 diverticulitis, 203–206 drug-related colitis, 210–212 epiploic appendagitis,

216–217

infective colitis, 206–209 inflammatory bowel disease,

196–203

ischemic colitis, 214–216 malacoplakia, 213 neonatal necrotizing

enterocolitis, 213–214 radiation proctocolitis, 216 typhlitis/neutropenic colitis,

209–210

Infection/inflammation (cont.) duodenum, 109–111

cholecystitis, dialysis and pancreatitis, 110 Crohn’s disease, 110 diverticulitis, 110 duodenitis, 109

peptic ulcer disease, 109–110 tuberculosis, 110–111 esophagus

Barrett’s esophagus, 14–17 candidiasis, 18–19 chronic granulomatous

disease, 19 Crohn’s disease, 18 drug-induced, 17

eosinophilic esophagitis, 19 histoplasmosis, 19

phlegmonous esophagitis, 18 reflux/reflux esophagitis,

12–14

thermal/corrosive injury, 17–18

tuberculosis, 18 viral esophagitis, 19 female reproductive tract,

732–734 abscess, 732 actinomycosis, 733 endometriosis/cervicitis,

733

pelvic inflammatory disease, 732

salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 733

tuberculosis, 732–733 uterine synechiae, 733–734 gallbladder and bile ducts,

436–455

acute cholecystitis, 436–447 acute acalculous, 446–447 emphysematous, 440 empyema/abscess, 440 eosinophilic, 440 gangrenous, 439–440 perforated, 439 cholangitis, 448–455

actinomycosis, 452 ascariasis, 451 autoimmune, 455 clonarchiasis, 451 fascioliasis, 451–452 hepatolithiasis, 449–451

primary sclerosing, 452–455 pyogenic, 449 tuberculosis, 452 chronic cholecystitis,

447–448

porcelain gallbladder, 448 xanthogranulomatous,

447–448 Dengue fever, 448 jejunum and ileum, 137–150

acute enteritis, 146–147 anisakiasis, 150 ascariasis, 148–149 chronic idiopathic

enterocolitis, 146 Crohn’s disease, 137–146 cytomegalovirus, 150 giardiasis, 147

salmonella/shigella, 147 strongyloidiasis, 147–148 Whipple’s disease, 149–150 Yersinia enterocolitis, 147 kidneys and ureters, 591–600

abscess, 594–595 actinomycosis, 597 botryomycosis, 597 brucellosis, 597

echinococcal cyst, 596–597 Erdheim-Chester disease,

599 filariasis, 597 fungal infection, 595 leishmaniasis, 597 malacoplakia, 599 pyelonephritis

acute, 591–593 chronic, 598

emphysematous, 593–594 pyonephrosis, 595

schistosomiasis, 596 sinus lipomatosis, 599–600 Sjögren’s syndrome, 599 tuberculosis, 596 viral infection, 598 xanthogranulomatous

pyelonephritis, 598–599 liver, 312–325

abscess, 312–314 actinomycosis, 320 botryomycosis, 320–321 fungal, 318–319 hepatitis, 321–325

hydatid cyst, 314–318 schistosomiasis, 319–320 syphilis, 320

tuberculosis, 318

visceral larva migrans, 319 pancreas, 511–529

acute pancreatitis, 511–518 amyloidosis, 529

chronic pancreatitis, 518–523

clonorchis infestation, 528 complications of

pancreatitis, 523–528 Dengue hemorrhagic fever,

528

focal pancreatitis, 518 iron overload, 529 leptospirosis, 528 lipomatosis, 528–529 sarcoidosis, 529 peritoneum, 877–886

abscess, 877–880 abdominal wall, 879 intraperitoneal, 877–879 psoas muscle, 879–880 echinococcosis, 885 filariasis, 885 parasitic infestation,

885–886 peritonitis, 880–883

in cirrosis, 881 infectious, 880–881 lupus, 881 meconium, 881 sclerosing, 881–883 vernix caseosa-induced,

881

tuberculosis, 883–885 prostate, 813–814

scrotum and spermatic cord, 836–839

brucellosis, 838 epididymitis, 836–837 Fournier’s gangrene, 839 granuloma, 839

idiopathic granulomatous orchitis, 838–839 malacoplakia, 839 orchitis, 837–838 tuberculosis, 838 spleen, 939–941

abscess, 939–940

brucellosis, 941

candidiasis, 941 cat-scratch disease, 941 Epstein-Barr virus, 941 histoplasmosis, 941 hydatid disease, 940 tuberculosis, 940 stomach, 58–62

anisakiasis, 63–64 Crohn’s disease, 63 cytomegalovirus, 63 eosinophilic gastroenteritis,

63 gastritis, 59–62 Helicobacter infection,

58–59 histoplasmosis, 64 malacoplakia, 63

peptic ulcer disease, 62–63 syphilis, 64

tuberculosis, 64

Infectious mononucleosis, 323, 941

Inferior mesenteric vein, 1023 Inferior vena cava, 991–995

aneurysm, 995

congenital abnormalities, 979 filters, 994–995

obstruction, 991–993, 1027 trauma, 982

tumor, 993–994 Infertility, 741

Inflammatory bowel disease, 196–203

appendicitis, 286–287 Crohn’s disease See Crohn’s

disease differential diagnosis

clinical, 196–197 imaging, 197–198 pathologic findings, 196 surgery, 202–203

ileal pouch, 202–203 ileorectal anastomosis, 202 ileostomy, 202

ulcerative colitis See Ulcerative colitis

Inflammatory fibroid polyp, 67 Inflammatory pseudotumor,

67–68, 518, 904 liver, 384

Inguinal hernia, 919–920 Insulinoma, 555–556 Internal hernia, 922–925

Interstitial cystitis, 691 Interureteric ridge edema,

694–695 Intrahepatic pseudocysts,

355–356 Intrahepatic spleen, 354

Intrauterine contraceptive device, 794

Intravenous cholangiography, 419 Intussusception, 91, 249–254

adult, 250–251 appendix, 291 complications, 254 contrast studies, 252–254 duodenum, 119–120 imaging, 251–252

jejunum and ileum, 169–170 paediatric, 251

stomach, 99

Iron overload, 334–336, 942 clinical, 334–335 imaging, 335–336 therapy, 336 Ischemia

abdominal vasculature, 988–1001 bladder, 694

jejunum and ileum, 150–151 kidney, 664

stomach, 65

Ischemic colitis, 214–216

J

Jejunum and ileum, 125–183 adynamic ileus, 171–172 amyloidosis, 152 angioneurotic edema,

151–152

benign neoplasms, 154–155 adenoma, 154

leiomyoma, 154

lipomatous tumors, 154–155 bowel wall biopsy, 128 computed tomography, 126

enteroclysis, 126 congenital abnormalities

agammaglobulinemia, 133

celiac disease, 131–133 cystic fibrosis, 130 duplication, 129 obstruction, 129–130 rotation, 128–129

contrast studies, 125–126 barium sulfate, 125 water-soluble agents,

125–126 dilatation, 162 diverticula, 173–174 drug-related ulceration, 150 immunosuppression, 176–178

AIDS, 176–177

graft-versus-host disease, 177–178

infection/inflammation, 137–150

acute enteritis, 146–147 anisakiasis, 150 ascariasis, 148–149 chronic idiopathic

enterocolitis, 146 Crohn’s disease, 137–146 cytomegalovirus, 150 giardiasis, 147

salmonella/shigella, 147 strongyloidiasis, 147–148 Whipple’s disease, 149–150 Yersinia enterocolitis, 147 ischemia, 150–151

lymphangiectasis, 152 magnetic resonance imaging,

127

malignant tumors, 155–159 adenocarcinoma, 155–156 lymphoma, 156–157 sarcoma, 157–159 mastocytosis, 152 neuroendocrine tumors,

159–162 carcinoid, 161–162 neurofibroma, 159–160 schwannoma/

neurilemmoma, 159 nonneoplastic tumors, 153–154

endometriosis, 154 hemangioma, 153 heterotopic pancreas, 153 inflammatory polyp, 153 lymphangioma, 154 lymphoid nodular

hyperplasia, 153 splenic rests, 153 obstruction, 162–171

adhesions, 166

barium studies, 164

cancer, 166–167

Jejunum and ileum (cont.) closed loop obstruction/

volvulus, 167–168 computed tomography,

164–166 detection, 163–166 foreign body, 170–171 gallstone ileus, 170 ileosigmoid knot, 168 intussusception, 169–170 magnetic resonance

imaging, 166 radiography, 163–164 strangulation, 168–169 therapy, 171

ultrasonography, 166 omphalomesenteric anomalies,

134–136 cysts and fistulas, 134 Meckel’s diverticulum,

134–136

percutaneous jejunostomy, 128

perforation/fistula, 173 pneumatosis intestinalis, 174 polyposis syndromes, 155 postoperative changes, 178 protein-losing

gastroenteropathy, 150 radiation damage, 151 scintigraphy, 127 systemic sclerosis

(scleroderma), 172 trauma, 136–137

bleeding/hematoma, 136–137 perforation, 137 shock bowel, 136 stricture, 137

vascular lesions, 174–176 aneurysm, 175 angiodysplasia, 175 bleeding detection, 176 Dieulafoy lesions, 175–176 etiology, 174–176

neoplasms, 175 telangiectasia, 175 varices, 175

wall thickening, 137–162 Johanson-Blizzard syndrome, 509 Juvenile polyposis syndromes, 70,

224

Juxtaglomerular tumor, 638

K

Kaposi’s sarcoma, 49, 84 Kartagener’s syndrome, 868 Katayama syndrome, 319 Kidneys and ureters, 571–683

amyloidosis, 660 biopsy, 575

calcifications, 649–653 in cysts, 653 hyperoxaluria, 653 nephrocalcinosis, 652–653 sarcoidosis, 653

urolithiasis, 649–652 computed tomography,

571–572 conduits, 675

congenital abnormalities, 576–587

Alagille’s syndrome, 583 Alport’s syndrome, 583 Bartter’s syndrome, 585 Beckwith-Wiedemann

syndrome, 585 congenital hydronephrosis

and hydroureter, 586–587

duplicated collecting system, 576–577

ectopia, 577–579

familial glomerulosclerosis, 584

glomerulocystic disease, 583

hemophilia, 585 hypoplasia, 576

medullary cystic disease, 583–584

multicystic dysplasia, 579–580 nephroptosis, 579

polycystic disease, 580–583 renal agenesis, 576 screening for, 576 sickle cell disease, 585 tuberous sclerosis, 584 tyrosinemia, 585–586 von Hipple-Lindau disease,

584–585

dialysis-associated findings, 661–662

dilated urinary tract, 640–646 diabetes insipidus, 646 during pregnancy, 646

urinary obstruction, 640–646 diverticula, 649

examination and surgical complications biopsy, 675

catheter and stent related, 675–677

contrast nephropathy, 677–678 nephrectomy, 677 nephrostomy, 677 ureteroscopy, 677

vascular complications, 677 gas in parenchyma/collecting

system, 653 immunosuppression/AIDS,

664–665 infection/inflammation,

591–600 abscess, 594–595 actinomycosis, 597 botryomycosis, 597 brucellosis, 597

echinococcal cyst, 596–597 Erdheim-Chester disease,

599 filariasis, 597 fungal infection, 595 leishmaniasis, 597 malacoplakia, 599 pyelonephritis

acute, 591–593 chronic, 598

emphysematous, 593–594 pyonephrosis, 595

schistosomiasis, 596 sinus lipomatosis, 599–600 Sjögren’s syndrome, 599 tuberculosis, 596 viral infection, 598 xanthogranulomatous

pyelonephritis, 598–599 intravascular hemolysis, 661 kidney transplantation,

665–674 failure, 674

posttransplant evaluation, 666–674

pretransplant donor

evaluation, 665–666

transplantation, 666

lupus nephritis, 660

magnetic resonance imaging, 572–574

medullary sponge kidney, 659–660

nephrectomy, 674

papillary necrosis, 660, 661 percutaneous

nephrostomy/stenting, 575–576

perinephric conditions, 663 post-bone marrow transplant,

674

pseudoxanthoma elasticum, 661

pyeloureteritis cystica, 662 radiation nephritis, 660 radiography, 571 reflux, 646–649

clinical, 646–647 detection, 647–648 screening, 647 therapy, 648–649 renal failure/insufficiency,

653–659

acute cortical necrosis, 655–656

acute interstitial nephritis, 656

acute tubular necrosis, 655

chronic tubular dysfunction disorders, 656–657 cirrhosis/hepatorenal

syndrome, 659 clinical, 653–654 diabetic nephropathy,

657–658 drug induced, 656 focal segmental

glomerulosclerosis, 658–659

glomerulonephritis, 658 hemolytic-uremic

syndrome, 659 imaging, 654–655 infection, 657

nephrotic syndrome, 659 post-bone marrow

transplantation, 659 in pregnancy, 657 rhabdomyolysis, 657 vascular causes, 655 scintigraphy, 574–575

small or large kidneys, 590–591 trauma, 587–590

blunt trauma, 587–589 penetrating injuries, 587 therapy, 590

vascular injury, 589–590 tumors, 600–640

adenoma and adenocarcinoma, 606–624

biopsy, 614

chromophil adenoma and carcinoma, 622–623 chromophobe adenoma,

623

classification, 606 clinical aspects, 606–608 cystic carcinoma, 621–622 detection, 609–614 duct of Bellini carcinoma,

623

oncocytoma, 623–624 pathology, 608–609 recurrence and follow-up,

620–621 staging, 614–618 therapy, 618–620 AIDS-related, 665 dialysis-associated, 662 epithelial, 626–632

mesoblastic nephroma, 631–632

metanephric adenofibroma, 631 metanephric nephroma,

630–631

metanephric stromal tumor, 631 multilocular cystic

nephroma/cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma, 629–630

Wilms’ tumor, 627–629 indeterminate, 600 lymphoma/leukemia, 632 mesenchymal neoplasms,

633–639

angiomatous neoplasms, 637

angiomyolipoma, 633–637 clear cell sarcoma, 637

hemangiopericytoma, 638 histiocytoma, 638 leiomyomatous

neoplasms, 637 lymphangiomyoma, 637 ossifying renal tumor of

infancy, 637–638 osteogenic sarcoma, 638 renal capsule neoplasms,

638–639 reninoma, 638 metastases, 639 multiple myeloma, 633 neuroendocrine tumors, 640 nonneoplastic, 600–605

arteriovenous malformation, 601 cystic nonneoplastic conditions, 602–605 ectopic splenic tissue, 600 fibroepithelial polyp, 601 hamartoma, 601 hemangioma, 601 inflammatory

pseudotumor, 601 lobar dysmorphism,

600–601

papillary endothelial hyperplasia, 601–602 Rosai-Dorfman disease,

601 perinephric, 663 rhabdoid tumor, 639–640 urothelial, 624–626

medullary carcinoma, 626 nephrogenic metaplasia/

adenoma, 625–626 papilloma, 624

sarcomatoid carcinoma, 626

squamous cell carcinoma, 626

transitional cell carcinoma, 624–625 ultrasonography, 572 urography, 571

vascular disorders, 663–664 ischemia, 664

nephrosclerosis, 664

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, 900

Killian-Jamieson diverticula, 44

Klatskin tumor, 473–476

Klebsiella pneumoniae, 312