Frederic W. RHINELANDER1906–1990

Who’s Who in Orthopedics Washington University, and in 1956 he became

professor and chief of the Division of Orthopedic Surgery. He subsequently developed an academic program that had ten full-time faculty members and an active laboratory for basic sciences, which attracted residents and faculty from the entire nation. He retired as chairman in 1972 and became professor emeritus in 1976. Fred was honored by the Alumni Association in 1978 and 1984. The Fred C. Reynolds Chair of Orthopedic Surgery was created at Washington University in 1979 from contributions by his friends, students and patients.

Fred became active in the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, serving as chairman of the Instructional Course Committee from 1959 to 1961, chairman of the Committee on Graduate Education from 1961 to 1964, and editor of the Instructional Course Lectures and president in 1965. He was president of the Clinical Orthope- dic Society in 1960, and he was elected to the American Orthopedic Association. In addition to being a member of the American Board of Ortho- pedic Surgery and of state and local orthopedic and surgical societies, Fred was president of the St. Louis Orthopedic Society and of the Clinical Orthopedic Society and served on study sections of the National Institutes of Health and the editorial board of The Journal of Bone and Joint

the Association of Orthopedic Chairmen. He was the orthopedic surgeon for the Cardinals, the St.

Louis football team, from 1961 to 1972, and con- tinued with them as an active consultant until his death.

Fred considered his major responsibility to be the education of students and doctors at the residency and post-residency level. His greatest quality as a teacher was his uncompromising honesty and integrity. He was his own severest critic, a quality he taught by example to those around him. He had no patience for stupidity or laziness. Fred’s advice to residents, whether they entered military service (an experience he thought would be valuable) or practice, was the same:

never stop studying.

Fred was a master surgeon and a careful and thoughtful physician. To those who knew him superficially, he was a crusty, grumpy, taciturn man. But those who were privileged to be asso- ciated with him knew him as a caring, compas- sionate, highly skilled physician, teacher, and friend. His wish for his residents was that they should be better physicians, surgeons, scholars,

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Frederic W. RHINELANDER

1906–1990

Frederic W. Rhinelander was born in Middle- town, CT. His father was an Episcopalian minister who became the bishop of Pennsylvania.

Rhinelander was educated at St. Albans School in Washington, DC, where he received a rigorous classical education. After obtaining a bachelor’s degree from Harvard University in 1928, he attended Oxford University, which awarded him an additional bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree from the school of medicine. He then returned to the United States and obtained his medical degree from Harvard University in 1934.

His postgraduate training embraced a broad experience in research and the basic sciences and orthopedics. In 1941, he joined the faculty of Harvard University Medical School, where he remained until 1947, with a hiatus as a medic in World War II. While in the service, Rhinelander became chief of orthopedics at the Letterman General Hospital in San Francisco. His experi- ence with the use of iliac bone grafts in the treat- and teachers than he was. It is unlikely that any ever were. Fred Reynolds was not a physically large man, but he was one of the giants of orthopedics.

Fred Reynolds died in St. Louis on October 10,

1986, from carcinoma of the pancreas. In addition

to Phyllis, he left three children: Mary Ann Krey,

Dr. Barbara Lingle, and Fred, Jr.

ment of ununited fractures was substantial. After leaving the service, he entered private practice in San Francisco and had a clinical appointment on the faculty of the University of California in San Francisco. In 1955 he joined the faculty of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, where he remained, retiring as professor emeritus in 1972. It was while he was in Cleveland that Rhinelander did his intensive study of the micro- circulation in bone and the effects of operative procedures on this circulation. After his retire- ment, he moved to Little Rock, AR, where he served on the faculty of the University of Arkansas. In 1979, Rhinelander returned to California, where he was appointed research pro- fessor of orthopedic surgery at the University of Southern California School of Medicine in Los Angeles.

The quality of Rhinelander’s work on the microcirculation of bone was recognized by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, from which he received the Kappa Delta Award in 1974. This was only one of many such awards that he received.

Rhinelander was a careful observer and inves- tigator. He was meticulous in his technical prepa- rations from which he drew his conclusions.

attending Harvard University, Boston, MA, he studied medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York City. After receiving his medical degree in 1939, he interned and served a year of general surgery residency in the Brooklyn Hospital. Shortly after beginning his orthopedic residency at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York City, his training was interrupted by World War II. Robinson served in army hospitals in the United States and in the South Pacific. At the time of his discharge he was the commanding officer and chief of surgery of the 90th Field Hospital in Leyte, Philippine Islands. On returning home in 1946, he resumed his orthopedic training at Strong Memorial Hospital in Rochester, NY.

After completing his residency in 1948, Robinson spent a year in England at the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital. It was his experience in England that first stimulated his interest in surgery of the spine.

On his return to the United States, Robinson joined the faculty of the University of Rochester School of Medicine and began his work on the nature of bone crystals. This work received the Kappa Delta Award for outstanding research in orthopedic surgery, presented by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons in 1952. The following year he was named professor of ortho- pedic surgery at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, a position that he filled with dis- tinction until his retirement in 1979. During his years in Baltimore, Robinson continued to do basic research in the anatomy and physiology of the bone matrix. He was a founding member of the Orthopedic Research Society, and an inspira- tion to a generation of young investigators. His major clinical interest was in surgery of the cer- vical spine. Robinson served the orthopedic community as an active member of numerous boards, committees, and associations, including a term as president of the American Orthopedic Association.

Alexandre RODET

1814–1884

Alexandre Rodet was trained in Paris and became chief surgeon at the hospital of l’Antiquaille in Lyon, where he spent the better part of his career.

In 1884, a paper by Rodet on experimental infec-

Who’s Who in Orthopedics

Robert A. ROBINSON

1914–1990

Robert A. Robinson was born in Rochester, NY,

where he obtained his primary education. After