the Second General Hospital throughout the entire European campaign; he was discharged with the rank of Major in January 1946. He began his orthopedic residency at the Hospital for Special Surgery, then a small red-brick building on 42nd Street in New York City. On completion of his residency in 1947, he returned to the Uni- versity Hospitals of Case Western Reserve Uni- versity Hospital in Cleveland to become its first full-time orthopedic surgeon. He established the first full-time division of orthopedic surgery at that institution in 1953; the division became a full department in 1978. In relatively few years, his stewardship had made possible the development of a faculty and a resident program that today are regarded as among the finest in the nation.
Charlie was an early pioneer in orthopedic research, primarily in the field of bone transplan- tation, and he inspired generations of faculty and residents to become involved in research. His clinical interests were broad, as were those of most of his generation before the development of multiple orthopedic subspecialties. He was the author or coauthor of 57 publications, and he con- tinued to write on a wide range of topics, partic- ularly those related to pediatric orthopedics, until the time of his retirement in 1982.
The many honors and offices that were received or held by Charlie Herndon during his long and distinguished career were richly deserved and are too numerous to list exhaus- tively. Charlie served as a trustee of The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery from 1969 to 1974; as a member of the American Orthopedic Associa- tion in 1955; and as President of the Orthopedic Research Society in 1957, of the American Board of Orthopedic Surgery from 1964 to 1966, of the Association of Orthopedic Chairmen in 1975, and of the American Academy of Orthopedic Sur- geons from 1967 to 1968. It was as President of the Academy that he made his most distinctive mark: under his guidance and direction, the prophetic National Health Plan for Orthopedics (NHPO) was developed. This was the first such plan proposed by a national medical organization.
It was typical of Charlie’s foresight that the idea of regular recertification of orthopedists was first proposed in the NHPO. This proposal caused an uproar among a small yet vociferous group of orthopedists who vigorously attacked the concept.
However, Charlie stuck to his guns like the Texan that he was, and, with time, although not without much travail, recertification became the fact of life that it is today.
Charlie served on numerous committees in the orthopedic community and participated in a wide range of interdisciplinary activities, as exempli- fied by his presidency of the Council of Medical Specialists Society in 1976. In recognition of his many services to the Case Western Reserve Uni- versity Medical School, an endowed Chair of Orthopedics was established in his name in 1979.
It was a richly rewarding and exciting experi- ence to know and to be educated by Charlie Herndon, as generations of his residents can attest. An outwardly reserved and occasionally stern manner inspired the best from others, but there was no better teacher by precept or example.
His inner warmth and his concern for his resident staff and faculty were shown in numerous ways, but many of his former residents will confess that it took years before they allowed themselves to address him as Charlie.
Charles Harbison Herndon, MD of Cleveland, Ohio, one of the most respected and influential orthopedists of his generation, died on July 27, 1997, at the age of 82 years. He was survived by his wife, Kathryn Ann Blair (Kay), whom he married in 1944; and two sons.
137
Who’s Who in Orthopedics
Ernest William HEY GROVES
1872–1944
Hey Groves was the son of an English civil engi- neer, Edward Kennaway Groves, and was born in India in 1872. At the age of 3, when his father retired, the family settled in Bristol.
His medical education was received at St.
Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, where, having taken the degree of Bachelor of Science, while still a student, he started his teaching career as a demonstrator [“instructor” in the United States]
of biology. This experience stood him in good stead, for he later became an outstanding teacher of surgery. Following his graduation in 1895, his first interests were in obstetrics and, after experi- ence in different parts of England and a period of study at Tübingen, he settled in general practice in one of the outer Bristol suburbs. But he did not stay long in general practice. His search for surgical knowledge and experience was insatiable.
In 1896 he married Miss Frederica Anderson, who had been a nurse at St. Bartholomew’s, and together they made their home into a private hos- pital. Here, with the help and encouragement of his wife, Hey Groves established his reputation as a surgeon. To his students he used to say that this episode in his life had its darker side, for tales were spread abroad that “Butcher Groves lured women into his home, operated upon them, and would not remove their stitches until they had paid their money.” In spite of such petty nui- sances, he was indefatigable, for, in the midst of his busy practice, he was able to attain high aca- demic honors.
In 1905, having taken the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and the degree of Master of Surgery of London Univer- sity, he was elected to the staff of the Bristol General Hospital. While thus engaged in surgery, he was still able to work as senior demonstrator of anatomy in Bristol University. He never deserted general surgery, but his mind soon tended to concentrate upon the mechanics of bone and joint surgery. He was indeed most ingenious and skillful, and “Hey Groves” splints and appli- ances became a byword. Indeed his early work anticipated much that followed in the field of orthopedic surgery. Before the days of the Smith–Petersen nail, he fashioned pins from beef bone and horns for use in fractures of the neck of the femur. In 1913, he described transfixion pins, which, passing through fragments, were fixed to external bars, thus with Lambotte anticipating Roger Anderson, Haynes, and others who later perfected this principle. These pins were again used by him in the treatment of gunshot injuries of bones; he wrote a primer on this subject in 1915. During the war of 1914–1918, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC),
and was sent to Egypt in charge of the surgical division of a general hospital. Illustrating his resourcefulness, it is related that, on setting out for Alexandria with other RAMC officers, he found that none could go aboard ship unless properly dressed in spurs; whereupon he managed to acquire a rusty pair at a marine store, and, having himself embarked, tossed them ashore repeatedly for the use of each of his colleagues in turn.
On November 28, 1917, he was one of that small group of surgeons who met together at dinner at the Cafe Royal in London to consider what steps should be taken to found an associa- tion of British orthopedic surgeons. At that time Hey Groves did not regard himself as an ortho- pedic surgeon in the accepted sense of the term;
but, at the invitation of Robert Jones, he had already entered the fold by taking surgical charge of the Military Orthopaedic Centre at Bristol. His intrusion into orthopedic surgery was viewed by certain purists of the Alder school with consider- able misgiving, and, by a narrow doctrinaire interpretation of what constituted a “real” ortho- pedic surgeon in the year 1917, his name was omitted from the list of 18 surgeons invited to become foundation members of the new British Orthopedic Association. It was characteristic of the man that he showed no open resentment at this most unfortunate action. It was not long before the association made amends by sending a special invitation to Hey Groves to join in the capacity of an original member. From that time on, he became a loyal and powerful advocate of the cause of orthopedic surgery; and, during the earlier years of the association, this small spe- cialist body gained prestige from the fact that one of its most distinguished active members held a University Chair of Surgery, was the editorial sec- retary of the British Journal of Surgery and later became a Vice President of the Royal College of Surgeons. It was clearly fitting that Hey Groves should in due course be chosen as President of the British Orthopedic Association, and his second year in that office (1929) was notable in the annals of the society as the occasion when a strong con- tingent of the American Orthopedic Association came to London to take part in a joint meeting with their British colleagues. The following year Hey Groves became President of the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, thus attaining to the dual honor that Robert Jones had previously achieved, and thereby forging another link between general and special surgery.
138 Who’s Who in Orthopedics
Who’s Who in Orthopedics The British Orthopaedic Association is now, by
common consent, the most vigorous of the special associations in Great Britain. It has a large and ever-growing membership, but there has been no schism. Orthopedic surgery remains within the fold of surgery as a whole, and the tradition of unity founded by Robert Jones and fostered by Hey Groves still endures.
At Bristol, Hey Groves had been promoted to the Chair of Surgery in 1922. An old student writes:
He had a vivid character, full of imagination and energy; he was an excellent teacher who brought a great sense of humour to his well attended ward rounds and operations. He was naturally very popular among the students; for, youthful himself, he was very fond of young company and always enjoyed a party, particu- larly dancing. Not infrequently his students, staff, and ward sisters were invited to join him—he was so charming.
Some of these students had other reasons to be grateful, for not a few keen men were helped financially through difficult periods of their student life and the following days.
As a writer, Hey Groves was prolific; several standard textbooks on surgery for students and nurses came from his pen. For the practicing surgeon, his concern was no less great, particu- larly his desire to advance the treatment of fractures and operative technique. The Modern Treatment of Fractures, written in 1916, was fol- lowed by many authoritative articles on these themes, and in 1935 he published his translation of Lorenz Böhler’s work, of which he was a wholehearted supporter. In his foreword, Hey Groves emphasized the fundamental principles that Böhler had demonstrated: “the necessity for unity of control, loyal and efficient team work, accurate knowledge of the after-results, and meticulous attention to detail.”
Throughout his life, both in surgical practice and in teaching, his mind was alert to the needs of the “everyday” problem, the thorough teaching of the student and younger surgeon in ground- work, and the simplification of methods for the safety of the patient. No better example of this can be found than in that product of his later period, the “Hey Groves Introducer” for the Smith–
Peterson nail, which one of his followers has described as “making a very difficult operation simple.”
139
Clarence Henry HEYMAN
1891–1964
Clarence Heyman was born in Payne, Ohio, in 1891, and his early education was obtained at Heidelberg College in Tiffin, Ohio, where he received a BS degree in 1911. He then attended Harvard Medical School, obtaining his MD degree in 1916. His inquisitive mind led him to spend much of his leisure time at the Huntington Memorial Hospital studying the use of radium in the treatment of cancer. While in medical school and during the internship that followed at Boston City Hospital, he produced his first major publication, an article on the treatment of anthrax, published in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal in 1918. After his intern- ship, he served with the United States Army (1918–1919). During this time, he was detached to obtain orthopedic training under Royal Whitman at the Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City.
At the end of World War I, he became associ- ated with Walter Stern in the practice of orthope- dic surgery in Cleveland, Ohio, and joined the staff of Mount Sinai Hospital at that time. Dr.
Stern was establishing a crippled children’s clinic in Elyria, Ohio, and Clarence Heyman assisted him in this endeavor. Dr. Heyman’s great and lasting interest in children’s orthopedics devel- oped at this time. His subsequent career was intimately associated with the crippled children’s programs in Ohio and the United States.
Through the untiring efforts of Mr. Edgar Allen and the Rotary Club of Elyria, Ohio, combined
