Strumentazione Biomedica LM

Didattica, Laboratori di Tesi e di Ricerca

Laurea Magistrale in Bioingegneria

Strumentazione Biomedica LM

Think, project, design, realize and test with Arduino and Matlab your fully-compliant ECG acquisition board

1. Think

2. Project

3. Design

4. Realize 5. Test

Prof. G. Beltrami

Ing. Matteo Bassi

What will we do? at a glance!

1. Electrical signals in the human body: how they generate and how to model them!

3

What will we do? at a glance!

2. ECG: specs for our project

3. From the specs to the circuit: a step-by-step travel using

error-and-learn methodology to realize our design

What will we do? at a glance!

4. Layout of the circuit using OrCAD Layout

5. Physical realization of the PCB board in cleanroom 6. Soldering of the components

7. Testing with Matlab and Arduino!!

6

A picture of the analog board to

acquire ECG. This is the first-

born prototype!

7

The board is placed on Arduino, which

just works as a very simple ADC-to-USB

interface

MRI quantitativa: segnale, immagini, modelli

Prof. Claudia AM Gandini

Direttore del Brain MRI 3T Mondino Research Center Professor University College London

Ing. G. Castellazzi, PhD

Ing. A. De Rinaldis, Dr. F. Palesi

Imaging strutturale Imaging quantitativo

Imaging della fisiologia

Mappe della frazione di mielina

Le vie della sostanza bianca

NAA

Glu GAB Gl A

n Cr

Ch o Cr

Spettroscopia Perfusione Contenuto di sodioImaging funzionale

PSIR

Principi di imaging quantitativo

Motion

Correction Smoothing

Spatial

Normalisation

General Linear Model

Statistical Parametric Map fMRI time-series

Parameter Estimates

Design matrix (timing, HRF..)

Template

Slides modified from: www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/

Analisi quantitativa di immagini:

esempio imaging funzionale

Data mining con MRI

Big data

Data

Mining

Esempio applicazione clinica della connettomica

12

Sani Alzheimer Vascolari sa

• Prof. Riccardo Bellazzi

• Prof. Silvana Quaglini

• Prof. Giordano Lanzola

• Prof. Cristiana Larizza

• Prof. Lucia Sacchi

Laboratory for Biomedical

Informatics

Main Research Topics

• Clinical Data Mining and Data Analytics

• Temporal Data Mining

• Text Mining

• Big Data ANalytics

• (Personalized) Decision Support Systems

• Personalized Decision Support

• Shared Decision Making

• Cognitive Rehabilitation

• Telemedicine

• Mobile Apps

• Web Applications

The AP@home Project

• EU 7th Framework project

• Developing models and algorithms for delivering insulin through an Artificial Pancreas

• Trials in 6 centers across Europe

DB DATA TYPES MANUAL

INPUT

AUTOM.

INPUT

LOCAL VIEWS

PATIENT DIARY SYNCHRO

? ?

PLUGINS FileFile

File

Architettura del Sistema

Postazione Remota

DEXG4 Roche

ACCU-CHEK Combo DiAs

(Diabetes Assistance)

Servizio di Telemedicina

Paziente

Eleonora Losiouk eleonora.losiouk01@ateneopv.it

CoRe: a software system for

computerized cognitive rehabilitation

Parameters setup

through user interface

Patient profiles DB

Stimuli DB

Automatic adjustment of difficulty

level

Stimuli ontology

Performance data storage

REPOSITORY USER INTERFACE

E x e r c

i s e S

t a

r t

10 different exercise types:

Functional Planning Image and Sound Find the Intruder

Unscramble the Images Unscramble the Sentence Pick the Element

Find the Category Logical Sequences Logical Analogies Word Coupling

Ambiti per il Telemonitoraggio

Stile di vita

Patologie cardiache

Condizioni respiratorie

Parametri ematici

Attività fisica

Giordano Lanzola giordano.lanzola@unipv.it

Architettura del Sistema

Postazione Remota

Bilancia

Sfigmomanometro Smartphone

Servizio di Telemedicina

•Report

•Allarmi

•SMS

Paziente

Giordano Lanzola giordano.lanzola@unipv.it

Il Progetto NeoKid

• Prematuri < 32 settimane

• Peso < 1.5 Kg

• 50 neonati

• 7 giorni

• NICU Ospedale – Università di Padova

• Miglioramento del controllo del tempo in range

Eleonora Losiouk eleonora.losiouk01@ateneopv.it

Henea Award @ SDA Bocconi

BIOMERIS ^Spin-off

BIOMEdical Research Informatics Solutions

i2b2 Data-warehouse for integrating clinical and research data

Biobank

Analytics Cell

BigQ NGS TriNetX

i2b2 for integrating biobank data

i2b2 extension for Statistics and Data-mining

Clinical Trial Design and Recruitment i2b2 extension

for Very Large Scale Database

Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling and

Synthetic Biology

Web site: http://lab-bioinfo.unipv.it

Lab Director: Prof. Paolo Magni

Contact: paolo.magni@unipv.it

Areas

Synthetic Biology

Mathematical modelling

Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics

• Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)

• Implementation and validation of data analysis pipelines for several sequencing applications;

• optimization of cluster and cloud environments;

• development of new algorithms and procedures for NGS data analysis.

Big Data problem

Velocity •Need to be analyzed quickly.

Volumes •Large amount of data.

Variety

•Different types of structured and unstructured data.

new spin-off of the University of Pavia, born to provide bioinformatic solutions in NGS data anaysis

Ongoing collaborations

Bioinformatics

• Network-based pharmacology

• Network-based approaches to integrate different data and knowledge sources;

• identification of combinations of hit targets to

act with pharmacological therapy.

Mathematical Modelling

Advanced expertise in

• Bayesian techniques (and Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms)

• Population analysis

• Deconvolution methods PK/PD models

• Support of drug development and registration (in vitro, preclinical, clinical studies)

• Development of PK-PD models to quantitatively describe kinetics, mechanism of action and the effects on relevant endpoints of new compounds currently under investigation

Research Areas

• Oncology: solid tumor, blood cancer, biomarkers, drug-drug interaction

• Biologicals: autoimmune diseases

• Study design: paediatrics, optimal design Tools

• Matlab, R, NONMEM, Monolix, WinBUGS, Stan,

SimulX, PsN, Berkeley-Madonna

Sharing knowledge to improve drug development

Synthetic Biology (1/3)

De-novo synthesis of novel organisms

Design of supplementary functions in existing organisms

Predictable biological functions

Datasheets

Mathematical models

System 1 System 2

Input Output

Bottom-up design in biological engineering:

Synthetic Biology (2/3)

• Typical workflow for the realization of novel artificial biological

functions:

Synthetic Biology (3/3)

• New research fields…

• Metabolic engineering

• CRISPR-dCAS9 gene regulation

Bioengineering Lab

Prof. Giovanni Magenes (coordinator)

Prof. A.Buizza, Prof. S. Ramat, Prof. L. Fassina

Dr. Giulia Matrone, PhD, Dr. F. Del Bianco, Dr. P. Colagiorgio The main fields of expertise of the Bioengineering Lab group include:

• Advanced techniques for biosignals processing and analysis

• Soft-computing methods in biomedical applications

• Biomedical imaging and image processing

• Wearable sensors and systems

• Tissue engineering

Università degli Studi di Pavia

Members Members Members Members: : : :

4 Faculty Members 3 Post-doc fellows 5 PhD students

4/5 graduate students

The wearable system

Gas Sensor Boots

Electronic Box

Flexible Batteries

Based on an Inner Garment, an Outer Garment and Boots, integrating sensors and devices in order to monitor the user’s health state and environmental variables

Physiological, Activity,

Environmental Sensors

Washable

Sensors

Results

H R

(p h y si ca l st re ss)

SMA

(movement intensity)

Resting after mild activity Resting after intense activity Bending on the legs

Walking Running

( )

( )

norm

HR HRrest HR HRmax HRrest

= −

−

norm

SMA SMA

SMAmax

=

Activities such as walking or bending on the legs (really different activities)

can’t be discriminated with the signal accelerometer, but they are easily

detected by using both the signals

Imaging ad ultrasuoni (1)

Sviluppo di sonde ecografiche basate su trasduttori CMUT per neuronavigazione 3D guidata da immagini MR (progetto europeo ENIAC “DeNeCor”)

• Simulazioni ed analisi di sistema per il design dell’elettronica integrata nella sonda (in

collaborazione con STMicroelectronics)

• Tecniche di ricostruzione delle immagini

ultrasound e di registrazione delle immagini MR e US

• Studio di protocolli per l’acquisizione del set di immagini 3D multimodali

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

X (cm)

Z (cm)

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

X (cm)

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MRI

Sviluppo di nuove techniche di imaging ad ultrasuoni (signal e image

processing)

•Algoritmi di ricostruzione delle immagini

•Tecniche per il miglioramento di risoluzione e contrasto

•Tecniche per l’aumento del frame-rate

Imaging ad ultrasuoni (2)

Immagine della carotide ottenuta con metodi standard

Immagine ad alta risoluzione e contrasto ottenuta con un nuovo

algoritmo di ricostruzione

Imaging mm-wave

Sviluppo di un nuovo sistema di imaging ad onde millimetriche per la detezione

del tumore al seno

• Metodi per la ricostruzione delle immagini

target antennas

Primi test @UniPV: acquisizione dei dati e ricostruzione dell’immagine

Tissue Engineering Approach: development of a biomaterial, in vitro culturing of cells (e.g. bone marrow stromal cells) within the biomaterial, and implantation.

Cells

Seeding onto a biomaterial

Cell culture through a bioreactor: physical

stimulation

Implant of a “self surface”

compatible with living tissues

Tissue engineering and biomimetic Tissue engineering and biomimetic Tissue engineering and biomimetic

Tissue engineering and biomimetic approaches approaches approaches approaches

Numerical models Simulations

New experimental plan

Cells Scaffolds Bioreactors

1) Bioreactors

2) Cells

3) Scaffolds

To overcome drawbacks associated with static culture systems (limited diffusion, inhomogeneous cell-matrix distribution.

• SAOS-2

• human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (hBMSC)

• human Adipose Stem Cells (hADSC)

• human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs)

• Polymers (slowly Biodegradable): Polyurethane porous; spongy bone.

• Ceramics (Absorbable): Hydroxyapatite (HA); spongy bone.

• Metals (mechanical support, no degradable: Titanium Fiber Mesh (T.F.M.); compact bone.

Materials non biological but biocompatible

• Types: Perfusion (P), Electromagnetic (E.M.F.), Ultrasound (US),

Vibrations

SISTEMI EMBEDDED E CALCOLO AD ALTE PRESTAZIONI IN BIOINGEGNERIA Giovanni Danese - Francesco Leporati - Elisa Marenzi – Emanuele Torti

Strumentazione biomedicale embedded Strumentazione biomedicale embedded Strumentazione biomedicale embedded Strumentazione biomedicale embedded

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

−100

−80

−60

−40

−20 0 20 40

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−40

−30

−20

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FPGA technology Estrazione real time fetal ECG Innovate Italy Award

ARM technology Lab on chip per analisi biomolecolari on site

Sistemi embedded per prevenzione ulcere pressione Sistemi embedded per prevenzione ulcere pressione Sistemi embedded per prevenzione ulcere pressione Sistemi embedded per prevenzione ulcere pressione

Sistema

commerciale

Novel Pliance Prototipo di laboratorio per il

monitoraggio pressione Sistema di acquisizione DSP

GPU computing for Hyperspectral medicine

THE HUMAN BRAIN PROJECT THE HUMAN BRAIN PROJECT THE HUMAN BRAIN PROJECT THE HUMAN BRAIN PROJECT

• Modelli matematici di cellule neuronali ad alto realismo

• Supercalcolo

• Neurochips

THE HUMAN BRAIN PROJECT THE HUMAN BRAIN PROJECT THE HUMAN BRAIN PROJECT THE HUMAN BRAIN PROJECT

NEUROCOMPUTERS NEUROCHIPS

GPU

FPGA

Biomeccanica e Meccanica Computazionale

Prof. Ferdinando Auricchio (auricchio@unipv.it) Prof. Alessandro Reali (alessandro.reali@unipv.it) Simone Morganti (simone.morganti@unipv.it) Michele Conti (michele.conti@unipv.it)

http://www.unipv.it/compmech/

http://www.unipv.it/compmech/thesis.html

http://www.youtube.com/user/CompMechPV?feature=watch

Distal1

Proximal1

Bifurcation1

Proximal2

Bifurcation2

Distal2

Head-neck

Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)

Dicom images (a series of planar slices)

Endovascular implants: from medical images to finite element analysis

3D reconstruction (STL format)

1 2

4

Vascular model

5

Post-processing

6 3

Simulation result

Abaqus

Nume-lab (structural)

http://www-2.unipv.it/compmech/endstenting.html http://www-2.unipv.it/compmech/aorticvalve.html

Abaqus

Key collaboration:

IRCCS Policlinico San Donato (MI)

IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (PV)

Ospedale Cisanello (PI)

Proto-lab

http://www.unipv.it/compmech/proto-lab.html

Leapfrog Creatr / 3ntr A4v2

•

• Mechanical characterization of 3d printed materials

• Available materials: ABS, PLA, PVA, Nylon, Polyurethane Rubber

Objet 30 Pro

•

• Surgical instrumentation prototypes

www.unipv.it/3d/

Key collaborations:

IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (PV) IRCCS Policlinico San Donato (MI) Fluid-o-Tech

Filoalfa

SMA laboratory (Activ-lab)

SMA actuators: properties and control

Devolpment of SMA-actuated devices

Experimental tests on SMA wires and springs

Electrical properties of SMA tools and self-sensing

+ Constitutive modeling

http://www-2.unipv.it/compmech/activ-lab.html

Key collaboration:

Fondazione Maugeri (PV)

Mate-Lab

http://www-2.unipv.it/compmech/mate-lab.html

Experimental tests to mechanically characterize pathologic human tissues and to calibrate constitutive models for pathology evolution prediction

Key collaboration:

IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (PV)

Beta-lab activities

• In-vitro and ex-vivo modelling of aortic dissection

• In-vitro study of aortic compliance

• Characterization of the systemic resistance parameter of the circuit

Pulse-duplicator

•

• In-vitro simulation of

physiologic/pathologic conditions of the aorta

Key collaborations:

• IRCCS Policlinico San Donato (Milan)

• UMCU Utrecht (NL)

www.unipv.it/compmech/beta-lab.html Beta-Lab

(b)

16 µm

16 µm

16 16 16 16 μm μm μm μm

16 16 16 16 μm μm μm μm

Ovarian Cancer cells Breast Cancer cells

Lo w a g g re ss iv e n e ss

Microstrutture tridimensionali in silicio:

Uno strumento innovativo per valutare l’aggressività biologica di cellule tumorali

Prof. S. Merlo - Laboratorio Elettro-Ottica

H ig h a g g re ss iv e n e ss

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON

NANOBIOSCIENCE, VOL. 14, NO. 7, p. 797, OCTOBER 2015

Foto SEM di silicio 3D

Un esempio di Tesi di Laurea Magistrale

Transilluminazione con radiazione infrarossa di tessuti biologici: studio e realizzazione di un sistema portatile per diagnostica biomedica Prof. S. Merlo - Laboratorio Elettro-Ottica

Battito cardiaco del pulcino nell’uovo

Battito cardiaco

umano

Il portale della Didattica KIRO

comunità Accademica online per la didattica

(Marzo

2014)

Come si

accede

Look & FEEL di

kiro

In sintesi

• Open Source – l.a.m.p.

• Moodle Based (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment)

• Virtual Server hosted (UNIPV WebFarm)

• Web Based

• Responsive Platforms

• Profiled system

• Cloud Oriented (next step)

• Distributed System

• LDAP Linked

• Fully supported (Cenralized / Distributed help Desks for

Teachers/Students/Employees)

In sintesi

• Learning Materials

• Discussion forum

• Classmates

• Interactive tests

• Young Assistants Support

• exercises

• External links

• Feedback

• Surveys

• Videos

• … (it depends by the teacher)

In sintesi

• Total Enrolled Teachers – about 400

• Total Enrolled Students – About 13.500

200 nuovi corsi aperti da docenti negli ultimi 6

mesi

In sintesi

• Total Enrolled Teachers – about 400

• Total Enrolled Students – About 13.500

200 corsi aperti ultimi 6 mesi per struttura

afferenza docenti

In Kiro ^anche

• 800 Video didattici con registrazione delle lezioni in aula per circa

200 CFU inerenti

6 CdS di Lauree

Magistrali

63

Enigineering, Mathematics &

Biotechnology

San Matteo Hospital Physics,Chemistry

& Pharmaceutics Maugeri

Hospital

Biochemistry, Physiology Neurological

Hospital

Volta and Nuovo Colleges

Centre for Health Technologies (CHT)

64

Perché un Centro di Tecnologie per la Salute?

Il CHT sfrutta l’unicità del contesto pavese in Lombardia e la sua peculiarità nel panoramo italiano.

L’università di Pavia è l’unica università lombarda con dipartimenti e facoltà nelle aree di medicina, biologia, farmacologia, ingegneria, scienze matematiche, fisiche e chimiche.

Inoltre a Pavia hanno sede tre centri di eccellenza di ricerca clinica (IRCCS), situati nelle immediate vicinanze del campus universitario (nel raggio di un chilometro), che collaborano con I dipartimenti universitari. Questo rende Pavia un ambiente “naturale” per promuovere la progettazione,

l’implementazione e la sperimentazione clinica di tecnologie innovative nel campo della salute, dai

biomateriali ai farmaci personalizzati, dalla bioinformatica alla biologia sintetica, dall’ingegneria dei tessuti alla telemedicina.

Pillar 1 “Advanced Pillar 1 “Advanced Pillar 1 “Advanced

Pillar 1 “Advanced Diagnostic Diagnostic Diagnostic Diagnostic Instrumentation Instrumentation Instrumentation Instrumentation”: 4D Ultrasound Imaging ”: 4D Ultrasound Imaging ”: 4D Ultrasound Imaging ”: 4D Ultrasound Imaging

Objective: to develop a 3D ultrasound probe for micro-endoscopic MRI-guided neuro- navigation, based on the emerging CMUT (Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic

Transducers) technology, miniaturization of the electronics and 3D packaging

• Development of the front-end electronics to be integrated in the probe handle

• System-level modeling and simulation

• Development of image processing and 3D reconstruction algorithms

Required expertise

• Micro-electronics

• Signal and image processing

• Bioengineering

Funded projects

• EU project ENIAC DeNeCoR «Devices for NeuroControl and NeuroRehabilitation»

Work in progress @DIII-UniPV in cooperation with STMicroelectronics

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Pillar 1 “Advanced Pillar 1 “Advanced Pillar 1 “Advanced

Pillar 1 “Advanced Diagnostic Diagnostic Diagnostic Diagnostic Instrumentation Instrumentation Instrumentation Instrumentation”: ”: ”: ”: Multimodal imaging Multimodal imaging Multimodal imaging Multimodal imaging systems systems systems systems

Objective: to develop an advanced diagnostic imaging system which complementary uses millimeter (mm)-waves and ultrasound for an improved tumor detection in

organs such as breast, skin or thyroid

Idea

• To develop a mm-wave ultra-wide- band imaging system (up to 50 GHz) for in vivo applications and to

investigate its feasibility

• To design a system able to

simultaneously acquire data from the antenna array and ultrasound probe

• To implement both mm-wave and ultrasound image reconstruction and fusion algorithms

• To design and develop the integrated electronics for signal

transmission/reception

X-ray Microwaves Ultrasound

Required expertise

• Mm-wave system and antenna design

• Signal and image processing

• Bioengineering

• Micro-electronics

• Radiology

Pillar 1 “Advanced Pillar 1 “Advanced Pillar 1 “Advanced

Pillar 1 “Advanced Diagnostic Diagnostic Diagnostic Diagnostic Instrumentation Instrumentation Instrumentation Instrumentation”: ”: ”: ”: Multimodal Multimodal Multimodal Multimodal imaging imaging imaging imaging systems systems systems systems

Funded or under-review projects

• AIRC 2013 project, led by IEO

• EU Horizon2020 project – under review, first-stage evaluation succesfully passed

• MIUR SIR project - under review

antennas

targets

Work in progress @DIII-UniPV

• First laboratory tests to design the mm-wave imaging system

• Characterization of the dielectric properties of biological tissues up to 50 GHz (in cooperation with IEO)

• Study and development of algorithms for mm-wave and ultrasound image reconstruction

• Design of the integrated transceiver electronics

Beamforming algorithm

Envelope detection US

probe

VNA

PC

Beamforming algorithm

Envelope detection Artifact

removal Signal pre-processing

US image

Antenna array

Rx signals generation

Mm-wave image US system

Pillar 2 - Big-data enabled infrastructures to support translational research

Knowledge discovery

Knowledge to practice Bedside to bench

Test new Knowledge

HIS

Clinical patient management

Data

Laboratory

Research

Samples

Biobank

CRC

Anonymized data

Anonymized samples i2b2

Researcher Patient

Match IDs

Pillar 2 – From Bedside to Bench

National and international projects

BI OI NFORMATI CS METHODOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY TO I NTEGRATE

CLI NI CAL AND BI OLOGI CAL KNOWLEDGE SUPPORTI NG

ONCOLOGY TRANSATI ONAL RESEARCH

ONCO-i2b2 project

Pillar 2 – National and International Research projects

Pillar 2 – New distributed decision support

Pillar 3 “ Pillar 3 “ Pillar 3 “

Pillar 3 “Tissue Tissue Tissue Tissue Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering & & & & Regenerative Regenerative Regenerative Medicine”: Regenerative Medicine”: Medicine”: Hybrid Medicine”: Hybrid Hybrid Bone Hybrid Bone Bone Bone

Objective Objective Objective

Objective

to realize scaffolds seeded with human Stem Cells, cultured through bioreactors, filled by human bone proteins and calcium minerals, usable in clinical application for bone repair.

Work in progress @ CIT in cooperation with Lima, Gestlich, Striker: NEW SCAFFOLDS



TITANIUM (LIMA, Striker)



HYDROXYAPATITE



(GEISTLICH Biomaterials)

73

Pillar 3 “Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine”: Hybrid Bone

Cells sedeed on 8 PU scaffolds in Mc Coy ’’’’ s 5a medium

SOLENOIDS PETRI DISH USE OF E.M. FIELD

Frequency: 75 Hz Intensity: 1.8 Gauss

Static culture (40x) E.M. culture (40x)

The electromagnetic stimulation increases the cell proliferation and the synthesis of type-I collagen (green fluorescence).

Intensity of E.M. field on the Petri Disk

Pillar 3 “Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine”: Cardiac Tissue Engineering

230 240 250 260 270

140 145 150 155 160 165 170

Trajectory of marker # 1

x (pixel)

y (pixel)

 Drugs

 Mechanical stimuli

 Electromagnetic stimuli

Whole Heart / Cell Cultures Cardiac Mechanics

 2D/3D mechanics

 Physiological parameters

 Models of diseases

Pillar 4 Pillar 4 Pillar 4

Pillar 4 : : : Nanomedicine : Nanomedicine Nanomedicine Nanomedicine ---- objectives objectives objectives and objectives and and fundings and fundings fundings fundings

NM_5. Bio- characterization.

NM_1. Multitasking Nanoparticles (for therapy and imaging).

NM_2. Surface- intelligent Medical

Devices

.

NM_3. G-quadruplex (G4) secondary nucleic

acid structures as therapeutic targets .

NM_4.

Nanoparticles and microgravity

induced osteoporosis.

MIUR-PRIN (2012-16) BRE (2012-15)

Crowdfunding UNIPV ( 2015)

MIUR-PRIN (2012-16) Under review ricerca

finalizzata 2014 FIRB-Ideas (2009-15)

AIRC-IG (2013) 7th FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME. Consolidator

Grant ( 2014-19) ASI/ESA/NASA project:

NATO 2013-16

Under review ILRSA 2014

Industrial companies

Pillar 4 : Nanomedicine - Applications in space

Hardware NATO:

• 12 + 2 Experiment Units (2 flight sets + 2 spare)

• 12 + 2 KIC-SL (2 flight sets + 2 spare) EU and Fluidic scheme

Fragile bones Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts Osteoblasts

Bone (30-40 Yrs) Osteoporosis 30 Yrs on the

earth

4-6 months of permanent stay on ISS

ISS

TEM nHAPs