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Il tempo e l'aspetto nel discorso. Italiano e olandese a confronto

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(1)

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(2)

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(6)

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(8)

&( " #) ) )$ V H N C H > > H " $ " " " C " " > << '$ 011 0-*011 8 3 0-*011 8 $ $ , / > " "" $ ()>) 8 " J J >> < " $ # " " 2/0 0 1 2 0-*011 8 3 0-*011 8 0-*011 8 3 0-*011 8 $ $ , " " " $ ! " I " C > H " " C 0-*011 8 3 0-*011 8 > " " # # $ " " C " 4G5 J < " # C " 4 ) 5 " C > >> J " " 4 )#) )5$ << > J " # " # " " C > $ J >> #) ) C )#) ) ) C $ - " < J 9 >> " < C C $ D < C H " J < " H " $ ! " " < C " H " " > $ V H C " " < $ / 7 ) % - # ( 1(# -(#( #'! *)() " >> H < > " "

(9)

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(10)

&E Y # < > $ " C )#) ) D " 4&F5 3 ) "CH " Q B ?$ # @ J # " J " " C > "" • C )#) ) C 0-*011 8 J 3 0-*011 8 • ) " C 0-*011 8 C 4 > # 5 " C 3 0-*011 8 $ J H " D " J " # " " # J )#) ) #) ) )) 1 " << " J >> J " > C )#) ) J #)#) ) >> > 0-*011 8 $ '$'$'$ " C " H < " N $ " > T " > < $ D H " " I " > 4&G5 $ ! ) < , Q : ' ? ' $ % @ $ V ) < Q : ' ? ' $ $ @ J " # "" • #) ) ) " C 0-*011 8 C )#) ) " C 3 0-*011 8 $ • ? " C 0-*011 8 C " C 3 0-*011 8 $ *)+) " " &G 9 9 C $ D &E FG " " > H " $ ( C D #G G% $ C H < < " H >> $ 1 $&A &A/ > ) " " J C " $

(11)

&A *).) ! > H >> < " $ / " H " C $ 2 C " " " < J #) ) ) C )#) ) C ) C C $'% < J T " # % $ # # $ " " " # $ 8 "" " 4 &Gb5 " " " # $ V << > < C < " C << " >> " " $ '$F$&$ " # " " " # " G#& " FA% #) ) ) )#) $$ F " > -)( 9 %, #) ) ) )#) ) !- %( AA #A& %1 # ! '%b E%b , ? > " ) V " J " 4&# + 5 << " C )#) ) CE%b " C 0-*011 8 C 3 0-*011 8 $ / " 4'%b5 #) ) ) " " " # $ 2 H &AE " &G& ) " $ G -)( 9 %, '& !- %( OG O( %1 # ! FA (b G% Fb , @ > " # ! " > G " # " < $ " C > 0-*011 8 3 0-*011 8 > $ " " " C 0-*011 8 " J > C 3 0-*011 8 $ '% ] " >> "" <

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(12)

'% '$F$'$ " " " " $ 2 " ''& " '&# J >> $ -)( 9 %, #) ) ) )#) ) !- %( &FF (A %1 # ! (E b #'b , > " # ( " " " C #)#) ) C )#) #'b < " C " # C " " C " >> " J )#) ) >> > 0-*011 8 #) ) ) >> > C3 0-*011 8 $ 2 " &%G -)( 9 %, '' #!- %( GG G% ) %1 # ! GF &b FG Eb , > " $ > C J H $ " J " " D " # " > < " " $ 1! (# " J D " 9 &AAA " C $ " "" " # " " $ > < & "" " << > 0-*011 8 3 0-*011 8 < >> " # " " " J " H C )#) )) 2 " " " J $ C " #) ) ) H < " " # $ J < " '%b > #) ) ) > $ " J '%b " J > " # " # $ " D " >> > " I < C Y I " " " R > " $ >> " # < > $ " < > H J ''! " > J > H " $

(13)

'& < " " " > $ " # H J " " C > > " 4&( 5 " U. " >> < QC$ H < "" 4 + 5 > C " $ 4&(5 $ " > Z ['#> " ZNN [ " = > ,, # ' (%' # %"$ #) ) ) $ 1 = = = " = Z$$$[$'F )#) < > H J " < < $ " " < C > C Y $ # " " T C " H >> < $ < "" 4&O5 " U. " QC " $ 4&O5 $ " > , C = = 9 %&(1> " = #) ) $ Z ['G '' # % & # # #) ) $ ' ) # #) ) ) $ , = > , '' # %& # = $'( #) ) $ C #) ) ) J > " " C " " $ > < > " H " " " " # J C " " " #) ) ) I < > >> " > " $ " " J < "" 4 + 5 " U1 " QC < 4&E5 4&E5 $ , , $ )#) $ 0 > , " " = < ' # 9 ' %" #) ) $ $ > , . 9 #' " #) ) $ $ , # > " = # ' # () #'O #) ) ) #) ) ) D D " < " " CH $ < > < 4&O5 J > #) ) ) J J C )#) ) > " " << C )#) ) '# J " $ 'F1 $ 62 1 ) ! Z`[$ 'G H > " " < C " " " #) ) ) >> " $ '(1 $ 7 # C # # $ 'O1 $ 3 # # ) # D/ # A ' $

(14)

'' " $ ! " < 4&E5 4&A5 J H " < J < > 4&A5 $ 0 = A " " ' )#) $ " > "" $ )#) ) $ 0 ZM [ ' ' # #) ) ) $ ZM [ " ' = '"U C #) ) ) $ > ,, #> " 1> %> #$'E #) ) ) C " H " $ 2 C H # " T 4FEb5$ << " > < $ 3 < > " # $ " C " < " 6 # E /./ H << /./ " $ " " # $ - " > J #) ) ) " C 0-*011 8 C )#) $ " C 3 0-*011 8 $'A V N " # << > " " " $ < " C > I ( < > #) ) ) 4(Eb #) ) ) #'b )#) $5$ 1 " C D C > > T $ C H 0-*011 8 " J > H 3 0-*011 8 $ E 0-*011 8 3 0-*011 8 -)( 9 %, #) ) ) )#) #) ) )#) #!- %( &FF &% % GA ) %1 # ! A#b Ob %b &%%b , B > " # $ ! " >> C )#) ) " C 3 0-*011 8 #) ) ) " C 0-*011 8 $ 4'%5 " 4'%5 $ 3 > , = 0< ' %& $ #) ) ) 0-*011 8 $ / =W )#) ) 3 0-*011 8 $ , # ' ' # #) ) ) 0-*011 8 $ ZM [ = # ' 9 #$ #) ) ) 0-*011 8 $ 0 " C " = #' ' &(- #$ #) ) ) 0-*011 8 <$ , > , ' %& $#% #) ) ) 0-*011 8 'E1 $ - ) ' < D 1 $ 'A ] J " C " < >> " ; ; $ 4#)#) 5$ V H " E C " < H A#$ O b >> #)#) ) #%1 $ 2 # ) 2 ' F 1 ) - ) 2 # $

(15)

'# "" $ " T " " > " # " # H " C D C $ V > H A " E " < < > >> C > $ 0-*011 8 3 0-*011 8 "(- #" # %% 9 -)( 9 %, ) ) #!- %( OG % % O( ) %1 # ! &%%b %b %b &%%b "(- #" % ))(% 9 -)( 9 %, ) ) #!- %( GG % % G% ) %1 # ! &%%b %b %b &%%b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

(16)

'F " C < 4 9 5$ J > N < > H < " C < < " $ 2 C "" J H " J H " " " " C I " $#' C < " J < " " 4 C > 5 " 4 C D5 " < 4 >> > " 5$ ] < C > C C < > C C < * H < " " J 9 "" T C > J > 9$## -" H " < J > " " 4 5 > " " << " 9 4 5 " # " &%$ #'! #( 0-*011 8 3 0-*011 8 #'! ( #" 0-*011 8 c 3 0-*011 8 , - > " J > $ / J " < J C " C 0-*011 8 " D " < J " C # # $ 4 < " " " 5 J I " # " C 0-*011 8 $ >> < " "" < > > > < " J D $ J > H << " > J $ ! J > > < > " < J & < > C J > ' > " " $ #' " H " " < " C < > " $ " > " < H " " J > " " > > ' $ J " H J > & '$ < '%&F < " J " " '$ ##!< $ 9 &AAA$ < >

(17)

'G , ('% < 1$ P !$ - $ '%&%$ " ) ! / $ ! " ! " $ $ ,$ &A('$ / % & : : $ ?< ?< $ 9 $ 3$ P 3$ J $ &AA($ U > < " < ! " D C$ " 9 FA #E#+F&A$ 9 $ 3$ '%%%$ U1 - " " , 0 C$ ! d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a" ;$ &AA#$ U + " < C$ / $ < " e$ -$ P $ 3 $ U; ' J C$ ! 1 && # &(G+&A($ " !$ $ &AAO$ ! $ / : , $ $ P *$ * $ '%%($ U + < C$ 6 " '' ##A6#(E$ $ $ *$ * P 3$ 9 $ '%%A$ U/ = > < C$ &&A F(%+ FOO$ J 3$ P $ 3$ 9 $ '%%%$ U1 " " - " C$ ! d$ / F%#+F#A$ 9 2 , 7 3 ; $ 8 \$ &A(O$ 9$ ! $

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(18)

'( %( 1> 9 " " " < > ! 6 %(# H < / " 3 C D $ / * < C D 3 4&AAO5 C D 3 ! 4'%%G5$ / 3 1 9 48 5 3 ; 3 N 4 5 H C D 3 ! $ C J > J > " " " " " " $ 1 3 " " " D " " C > < < > C0 * 40 *5$ / " ! " > + 1 &% #G&' : 4 9 5 $3 B $ D(E# 9 # ) A& " ! C D '%&F$ . " D '%&G C < > C " " > 9 $ > " \ " 3 0 : " C U 2 , 3 < 1 ! " - 9 < " 9 ! C 4'%&(5$ ! , 4 D 1 5 " $ / '%&G C D $ &' G&G& 0 / 4 9 5 = B " $ " 6 #! # ( H < C D $ > < " " " " " C J > '$ " " > " A " C J > " " J C " $ ] << > < T " C J > T >> " < > , < " < J < " $ / " ! " > + 1 &% #G&' : 4 9 5 "$ B $

(19)

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