TAVOLA PERIODICA DEGLI ELEMENTI

3 E SPANSIONE 4.1

idrogeno

1 –259

–2532,20 0,0899 1,008

6,941

±1 1s¹

H

litio

3 181

1342 0,980,53 +1 [He]2s¹

Li

TAVOLA PERIODICA DEGLI ELEMENTI

9,012 berillio

4 1288

2471 1,851,57 +2 [He]2s²

Be

_10,81

boro

5 2300

3650 2,042,47 +3 [He]2s²2p¹

B

_12,01

carbonio

6 3550

– 2,552,26 +2±4 [He]2s²2p²

C

_14,01

azoto

7 -210

-196 3,041,25 +2±3+4+5 [He]2s²2p³

N

_16,00

ossigeno

8 -219

-183 3,441,43 -2 [He]2s²2p⁴

O

_19,00

fluoro

9 -220

-188 3,981,70 -1 [He]2s²2p⁵

F

_20,18

neon

10 -249

-246 0,90– – [He]2s²2p⁶

Ne

4,003 2 elio-272

-269– – 0,18 1s²

He

22,99 sodio

11 98

883 0,930,97 [Ne]3s+1¹

Na

_24,31

magnesio

12 650

1090 1,311,74 [Ne]3s+2²

Mg

_26,98

alluminio

13 660

2519 1,612,70 [Ne]3s+3²3p¹

Al

_28,09

silicio

14 1414

3280 1,902,33 [Ne]3s+2±4²3p²

Si

_30,97

fosforo

15 44

280 1,822,19 [Ne]3s±3+5²3p³

P

_32,07

zolfo

16 115

445 2,582,09 -2+4+6 [Ne]3s²3p⁴

S

_35,45

cloro

17 -101

-35 3,213,16

±1+3+5+7 [Ne]3s²3p⁵

Cl

_39,95

argon

18 -189

-186 1,78– [Ne]3s–²3p⁶

Ar

39,10 potassio

19 63

760 0,820,86 +1 [Ar]4s¹

K

_40,08

calcio

20 842

1484 1,001,53 +2 [Ar]4s²

Ca

_44,96

scandio

21 1541

2836 1,362,99 +3 [Ar]3d¹4s²

Sc

_47,87

titanio

22 1668

3287 1,544,55 +2+3+4 [Ar]3d²4s²

Ti

_50,94

vanadio

23 1910

3407 1,636,11 +2+3+4+5 [Ar]3d³4s²

V

_52,00

cromo

24 1907

2672 1,667,19 +2+3+6 [Ar]3d⁵4s¹

Cr

_54,94

manganese

25 1244

2061 1,557,43 +2+3+4+6+7

[Ar]3d⁵4s²

Mn

_58,93

cobalto

27 1495

2927 1,888,80 +2+3 [Ar]3d⁷4s²

Co

_58,69

nichel

28 1455

2913 8,901,91 +2+3 [Ar]3d⁸4s²

Ni

_63,55

rame

29 1084

2567 1,908,96 +1+2 [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹

Cu

_65,37

zinco

30 420

907 1,657,14 +2 [Ar]3d¹⁰4s²

Zn

_69,72

gallio

31 30

2204 1,815,91 +3 [Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p¹

Ga

_72,64

germanio

32 937

2830 2,015,32 +2+4 [Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p²

Ge

_74,92

arsenico

33 817

– 5,732,18

±3+5 [Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p³

As

_78,96

selenio

34 221

685 2,554,81 -2+4+6 [Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p⁴

Se

_79,91

bromo

35 -7

59 2,963,12

±1+3+5 [Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p⁵

Br

_83,80

kripton

36 -157

-152 3,003,75 – [Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶

Kr

85,47 rubidio

37 39

0,82686 +1 1,53 [Kr]5s¹

Rb

_87,62

stronzio

38 777

13840,95 +2 2,60 [Kr]5s²

Sr

_88,91

ittrio

39 1523

33451,22 +3 4,47 [Kr]4d¹5s²

Y

_91,22

zirconio

40 1852

44091,33 +4 6,49 [Kr]4d²5s²

Zr

_92,91

niobio

41 2468

47421,60 +3+58,57 [Kr]4d⁴5s¹

Nb

_95,94

molibdeno

42 2617

46392,16 10,20 +1+2+3+4+5+6 [Kr]4d⁵5s¹

Mo

_98,91

tecnezio

43 2157

42651,90 11,50 +4+5+6+7 [Kr]4d⁵5s²

Tc

_101,1

rutenio

44 2334

41502,20 +2+3+4+5+6+712,5 [Kr]4d⁷5s¹

Ru

_102,9

rodio

45 1966

36952,28 +3 12,4 [Kr]4d⁸5s¹

Rh

_106,4

palladio

46 1553

29632,20 +2+412,0 [Kr]4d¹⁰

Pd

_107,9

argento

47 962

21621,93 +1 10,5 [Kr]4d¹⁰5s¹

Ag

_112,4

cadmio

48 321

1,69765 +2 8,65 [Kr]4d¹⁰5s²

Cd

_114,8

indio

49 157

20721,78 +3 7,31 [Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p¹

In

_118,7

stagno

50 232

26021,96 +2+47,29 [Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p²

Sn

_121,8

antimonio

51 631

15872,05

±3+56,68 [Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p³

Sb

_127,6

tellurio

52 450

2,10988 -2+4+66,24 [Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p⁴

Te

_126,9

iodio

53 114

2,66184

±1+5+74,93 [Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p⁵

I

_131,3

xeno

54 -112

-1072,60 – 5,90 [Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p⁶

Xe

132,9 cesio

55 28

669 0,791,87 +1 [Xe]6s¹

Cs

_137,3

bario

56 727

1897 0,893,59 +2 [Xe]6s²

Ba

_178,5

afnio

72 2233

4602 1,3013,3 +4 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d²6s²

Hf

_180,9

tantalio

73 3017

5425 1,5016,7 +5 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d³6s²

Ta

_183,8

tungsteno

74 3422

5655 2,3619,3 +2+3+4+5+6 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d⁴6s²

W

_186,2

renio

75 3186

5627 1,9021,0 +4+6+7 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d⁵6s²

Re

_190,2

osmio

76 3033

5027 2,2022,6 +2+3+4+6+8 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d⁶6s²

Os

_192,2

iridio

77 2446

4550 2,2022,5 +3+4 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d⁷6s²

Ir

_195,1

platino

78 1768

3827 2,2821,4 +2+4 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d⁹6s¹

Pt

_197,0

oro

79 1064

2856 2,5419,3 +1+3 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s¹

Au

223 francio

87 27

0,70677 +1 1,00 [Rn]7s¹

Fr

₂₂₆

radio

88 700

11400,90 +2 5,00 [Rn]7s²

Ra

₂₆₁

rutherfordio 104 2673 6073– +4 – [Rn]5f¹⁴6d²7s²

Rf

₂₆₂

dubnio

105 –

–– – – [Rn]5f¹⁴6d³7s²

Db

₂₆₆

seaborgio

106 –

–– – – [Rn]5f¹⁴6d⁴7s²

Sg

₂₆₄

bohrio

107 –

–– – – [Rn]5f¹⁴6d⁵7s²

Bh

₂₆₅

hassio

108 –

–– – – [Rn]5f¹⁴6d⁶7s²

Hs

₂₆₈

meitnerio

109 –

–– – – [Rn]5f¹⁴6d⁷7s²

Mt

₂₇₁

darmstadio

110 –

–– – – –

Ds

₂₇₂

roentgenio

111 –

–– – – –

Rg

200,6 mercurio

80 -39

357 1,9013,6 +1+2 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s²

Hg

_204,4

tallio

81 304

1473 2,0411,8 +1+3 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s²6p¹

Tl

_207,2

piombo

82 328

1740 2,3311,4 +2+4 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s²6p²

Pb

_209,0

bismuto

83 271

1560 2,029,8 +3+5 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s²6p³

Bi

₂₀₉

polonio

84 254

962 2,009,2 +2+4+6 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s²6p⁴

Po

₂₁₀

astato

85 302

337 2,20–

±1+3+5+7 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s²6p⁵

At

₂₂₂

radon

86 -71

-62 9,72– – [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s²6p⁶

Rn

138,9 lantanio

57 920

3454 1,106,17 +3 [Xe]5d¹6s²

La

_140,1

cerio

58 798

3424 6,771,12 +3+4 [Xe]4f¹5d¹6s²

Ce

_140,9

praseodimio

59 931

3520 6,771,13 +3 [Xe]4f³6s²

Pr

_144,2

neodimio

60 1010

3074 7,001,14 +3 [Xe]4f⁴6s²

Nd

₁₄₅

promezio

61 1080

2457 7,22– +3 [Xe]4f⁵6s²

Pm

_150,4

samario

62 1072

1778 7,541,17 +2+3 [Xe]4f⁶6s²

Sm

_152,0

europio

63 822

1597 5,24– +2+3 [Xe]4f⁷6s²

Eu

_157,3

gadolinio

64 1311

3273 1,207,89 +3 [Xe]4f⁷5d¹6s²

Gd

_158,9

terbio

65 1356

3230 1,208,27 +3 [Xe]4f⁹6s²

Tb

_162,5

disprosio

66 1409

2567 1,228,53 +3 [Xe]4f¹⁰6s²

Dy

_164,9

olmio

67 1470

2720 1,238,80 +3 [Xe]4f¹¹6s²

Ho

_167,3

erbio

68 1522

2868 1,249,05 +3 [Xe]4f¹²6s²

Er

_168,9

tulio

69 1545

1950 1,259,33 +2+3 [Xe]4f¹³6s²

Tm

_173,0

itterbio

70 824

1427 6,981,10 +2+3 [Xe]4f¹⁴6s²

Yb

_175,0

lutezio

71 1656

3315 9,841,27 +3 [Xe]4f¹⁴5d¹6s²

Lu

227 attinio

89 1051

3159 10,101,10 +3 [Rn]6d¹7s²

Ac

_232,0

torio

90 1750

4788 1,3011,7 +4 [Rn]6d²7s²

Th

_231,0

protoattinio

91 1572

3756 1,5015,4 +4+5 [Rn]5f²6d¹7s²

Pa

_238,0

uranio

92 1135

4131 1,3819,0 +3+4+5+6 [Rn]5f³6d¹7s²

U

₂₃₇

nettunio

93 640

3902 1,3620,4 +3+4+5+6 [Rn]5f⁴6d¹7s²

Np

₂₄₄

plutonio

94 641

3228 1,2819,7 +3+4+5+6 [Rn]5f⁶7s²

Pu

₂₄₃

americio

95 1176

2011 1,3013,7 +3+4+5+6 [Rn]5f⁷7s²

Am

₂₄₇

curio

96 1345

– 1,3013,5 +3 [Rn]5f⁷5d¹7s²

Cm

₂₄₇

berkelio

97 1050

– 1,3014,8 +3+4 [Rn]5f⁹7s²

Bk

₂₅₁

californio

98 1060

– 1,30– +3 [Rn]5f¹⁰7s²

Cf

₂₅₂

einsteinio

99 860

– 1,3015,1 +3 [Rn]5f¹¹7s²

Es

₂₅₇

fermio 100 1527

– 1,30– +3 [Rn]5f¹²7s²

Fm

₂₅₈

mendelevio

101 827

– 1,30– +2+3 [Rn]5f¹³7s²

Md

₂₅₉

nobelio

102 –

– 1,30– +2+3 [Rn]5f¹⁴7s²

No

₂₆₂

laurenzio

103 –

– 1,30– +3 [Rn]5f¹⁴6d¹7s²

Lr

ferro

26 1535

28611,83 7,86 55,85

+2+3 [Ar]3d⁶4s²

Fe

1

1 18

2 13 14 15 16 17

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

I VIII

II III IV V VI VII

2

3

4

5

6

7

Lantanidi

Attinidi

ferro nome

configurazione elettronica numeri di ossidazione densità (*)

elettronegatività (secondo Pauling) temperatura di ebollizione (°C) temperatura di fusione (°C) simbolo

massa atomica (u)

(*) Per i solidi e i liquidi è espressa in g/mL a 20 °C;

per i gas è espressa in g/L a 0 °C e a 1 atm.

26 1535

28611,83 7,86 55,85

+2+3 [Ar]3d⁶4s² numero atomico

Fe