• Non ci sono risultati.

ICE : Spark Ignition Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine, Motore a combustione interna ad accensione comandata ad idrogeno

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Condividi "ICE : Spark Ignition Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine, Motore a combustione interna ad accensione comandata ad idrogeno "

Copied!
7
0
0

Testo completo

(1)

NOMENCLATURA

H

2

ICE : Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine, Motore a combustione interna ad idrogeno SI H

2

ICE : Spark Ignition Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine, Motore a combustione interna ad accensione comandata ad idrogeno

LH

2

: Liquid Hydrogen, Idrogeno liquido

HHV: Higher Heating Value, Potere calorifico superiore (PCS)

LHV: Lower Heating Value, Potere calorifico inferiore (PCI)

߶: Rapporto di equivalenza

BFL: BackFire Limit, Limite massimo di ߶ per evitare il backfire IT: Ignition Timing, Istante di accensione

CR: Compression Ratio, Rapporto di compressione SOI: Start Of Injection, Istante di inizio iniezione

VOP: Valve Overlap Period, Periodo di incrocio delle valvole

IMEP: Indicated Mean Effective Pressure, Pressione indicata media effettiva TDC: Top Dead Center, Punto morto superiore

BDC: Bottom Dead Center, Punto morto inferiore ATDC: After TDC, Dopo il TDC

BTDC: Before TDC, Prima del TDC DI: Direct Injection, Iniezione diretta

PFI: Port Fuel Injection, Iniezione indiretta proprio a monte della valvola di aspirazione HAJI: Hydrogen Assisted Jet Injection

EGR: Exhaust Gas Recirculation, Ricircolazione dei gas di scarico

(2)
(3)

BIBLIOGRAFIA

[1] De Boer PCT, McLean WJ, Homan HS. Performance and emission of hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines. Int J Hydrogen Energy 1976; 1: 153-172

[2] Furuhama S, Yamane K, Yamaguchi I. Combustion improvement in a hydrogen fueled engine. Int J Hydrogen Energy 1977; 2: 329-340

[3] Yi HS, Min K, Kim ES. The optimized mixture formation for hydrogen fuelled engines. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2000; 25: 685-690

[4] Yi HS, Lee SJ, Kim ES. Performance evaluation and emission characteristics of in- cylinder injection type hydrogen fueled engine. Int J Hydrogen Energy 1996; 21: 617-624 [5] Lee SJ, Yi HS, Kim ES. Combustion characteristics of intake port injection type hydrogen fueled engine. Int J Hydrogen Energy 1995; 20: 317-322

[6] Kim YY, Lee JT, Caton JA. The development of a dual-injection hydrogen-fueled engine with high power and high efficiency. J Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 2006; 128: 203-212

[7] Mohammadi A, Shioji M, Nakai Y, Ishikura W, Tabo E. Performance and combustion characteristics of a direct injection SI hydrogen engine. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2007; 32:

296-304

[8] Subramanian V, Mallikarjuna JM, Ramesh A. Effect of water injection and spark timing on the nitric oxide emission and combustion parameters of a hydrogen fuelled spark ignition engine. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2007; 32: 1159-1173

[9] Verhelst S, Sierens R. A quasi-dimensional model for the power cycle of a hydrogen- fuelled ICE. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2007; 32: 3545-3554

[10] Verhelst S. A study on the combustion in hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine. Ph.D. Thesis; Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics; Gent University (Belgium)

[11] Knop V, Benkenida A, Jay S, Colin O. Modelling of combustion and nitrogen oxide

(4)

[12] Berry GD, Aceves SM. Onboard storage alternatives for hydrogen vehicles. Energy &

Fuels 1998; 12: 49-55

[13] Ewald R. Requirements for advanced mobile storage systems. Int J Hydrogen Energy 1998; 23: 803-814

[14] Das LM. Hydrogen-Oxygen reaction mechanism and its implication to hydrogen engine combustion. Int J Hydrogen Energy 1996; 21: 703-715

[15] White CM, Steeper RR, Lutz AE. The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: a technical review. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2006; 31: 1292:1305

[16] Karim GA. Hydrogen as a spark ignition engine fuel. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2003;

28: 569-577

[17] Martorano L. Appunti delle lezioni di machine – Parte II (2008)

[18] Heywood JB. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamental. New York, NY: McGraw- Hill (1988)

[19] Li H, Karim GA. Hydrogen fueled spark-ignition engines predictive and experimental performance. ASME 2006; 128: 230-236

[20] Yamin JAA, Gupta HN, Bansal BB, Srivastava ON. Effect of combustion duration on the performance and emission characteristics of a spark ignition engine using hydrogen as a fuel. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2000; 25: 581-589

[21] Lee JT, Kim YY, Lee CW, Caton JA. An investigation of a cause of backfire and its control due to crevice volumes in a hydrogen fueled engine. ASME 2001; 123: 204-210 [22] Huynh TC, Kang JK, Noh KC, Lee JT, Caton JA. Controlling backfire for a hydrogen-fueled engine using external mixture injection. J Engineering of Gas Turbines and Power 2008; 130: 062804-1 – 062804-8

[23] Hu E, Huang Z, Liu B, Zheng J, Gu X. Experimental study on combustion characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen blends combining with EGR. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34: 1035-1044

[24] Safari H, Jazayeri SA, Ebrahimi R. Potentials of NOx emission reduction methods in

SI hydrogen engines: simulation study. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34: 1015-1025

(5)

[25] Bleechmore C, Brewster S. Dilution strategies for load and NOx management in a hydrogen fuelled direct injection engine. SAE Technical Paper Series 2007-01-4097

[26] Ma J, Su Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Z. Simulation and prediction on the performance of a vehicle’s hydrogen engine. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2003. 28: 77-83

[27] College of the Desert. Hydrogen use in internal combustion engines. 2001

[28] Boretti AA, Brear MJ, Watson HC. Experimental and numerical study of a hydrogen fuelled I.C. engine fitted with the hydrogen assisted jet ignition system. 16

th

Australian Fluid Mechanics Conference (2007) 1142-1147

[29] Boretti AA, Watson HC. The lean burn direct injection jet ignition gas engine. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2009; 34: 7835-7841

[30] Hamori F, Watson HC. Hydrogen assisted jet ignition for the hydrogen fuelled SI engine. WHEC 16 (2006)

[31] Watson HC. International patent. Application PCT/AU92/00552 (1992)

[32] Houston R, Cathcart G. Combustion and emissions characteristics of Orbital’s combustion process applied to multi-cylinder automotive direct injected 4-stroke engines.

SAE Technical Paper Series 980153 (1998)

[33] Stocker H, Schürz W, Houston R, Worth D. Specific engine control functions for an air-assisted gasoline DI system.

[34] Cathcart G, Zavier C. Fundamental characteristics of an air-assisted direct injection combustion system as applied to 4-stroke automotive gasoline engines. SAE Technical Paper Series 2000-01-0256

[35] MAR Sadiq Al-Baghdadi. Development of a pre-ignition submodel for hydrogen engines. IMechE 2005; 219:1203-1212

[36] Berckmuller M, Rottengruber H, Eder A, et al. Potentials of a charged SI-hydrogen

engine. SAE paper no. 013210 (2003)

(6)

[38] Eichlseder H, Wallner T, Freyman R, Ringler J. The potential of hydrogen internal combustion engines in a future mobility scenario. SAE paper 2003-01-2267

[39] Fiveland SB, Assanis DN. A four-stroke homogeneous charge compression ignition engine simulation for combustion and performance studies. SAE paper 2000-01-0332 [40] HAK Shahad Al-Janabi, MAR Sadiq Al-Baghdadi. A prediction study of the effect of hydrogen blending on the performance and pollutants emission of a four stroke spark ignition engine. Int J Hydrogen Energy 1999; 24: 363-375

[41] MAR Sadiq Al-Baghdadi. A simulation model for a single cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine fueled with alternative fuels. Turkish J Eng Env Sci 2006; 30: 331-350 [42] D’Errico G, Onorati A, Ellgas S. 1D thermo-fluid dynamic modelling of an S.I.

single-cylinder H

2

engine with cryogenic port injection. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2008; 33:

5829-5841

[43] Ma F, Wang Y, Wang M, Liu H, Wang J, Ding S, Zhao S. Development and validation of a quasi-dimensional combustion model for SI engines fuelled by HCNG with variable hydrogen fractions. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2008; 33: 4863-4875

[44] Shudo T, Suzuki H. Applicability of heat transfer equations to hydrogen combustion.

JSAE Review 2002; 23: 303-308

[45] Ramos JI. Internal combustion engine modeling. New York, NY: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation (1989)

[46] Markatos NC. Computer simulation for fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, and combustion in reciprocating engines. New York, NY: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation (1989)

[47] Withrow L, Rassweiler GM. Studying engine combustion by physical methods – a review. J Applied Physics 1938; 9: 362-372

[48] Franco A, Casarosa C, Dini U. Scambio termico in motori a combustione interna raffreddati ad aria. Ph.D. Thesis; Dipartimento di energetica; Università di Pisa (Italy) [49] Blair GP. The basic design of two-stroke engines. SAE (1990)

[50] http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapporto_alesaggio/corsa

(7)

[51] Satyapal S, Petrovic J, Read C, Thomas G, Ordaz G. The U.S. Department of

Energy’s National Hydrogen Storage Project: Progress towards meeting hydrogen-powered

vehicle requirements. Catalysis Today 2007; 120: 246-256

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

Abbreviations AOD, acousto-optic deflector; AP, action potential; CICR, calcium induced calcium release; cTnT, cardiac troponin T; DHPR, dihydropyridine receptor;

On the basis of results stated that ethanol fuel fraction in blend causes the increase in peak heat release rate.. With the increase in ethanol fuel fraction the

There are no studies exploring the influence of VDREs on DRB1 expression of at risk alleles in Sardinian T1D patients, but it is likely that the same mutated and not functional VDRE

Keywords: structural health monitoring; structure from motion; terrestrial laser scanner; close-range photogrammetry; point clouds modeling.. For this reason, periodic monitoring of

La valorizzazione della pastorizia come attività multifunzionale passa anche attraverso il coinvolgimento di un pubblico sempre più ampio, soprattutto tra coloro che possono

In this study, we comparatively analyzed the profile of immune reactivity to b-LG in four different groups of children: 1) with IgE-mediated CMA; 2) with non-IgE-mediated CMA; 3)

The presence of coal sludge in blend leads to a decrease in weight loss rate both in the temperature range typical for the emission and oxidation of volatile products of

[1] Maly R., “Spark ignition: Its physics and effect on the internal combustion engine”, Pubblicato in: Fuel Economy in Road Vehicles Powered By Spark Ignition Engines, Hilliard,