ADVANCED TOPICS on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY
Proceedings of the 3rd IASME / WSEAS International Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS &
HYDROLOGY (WHH '08)
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, February 23-25, 2008
Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks
Published by WSEAS Press
www.wseas.orgISBN: 978-960-6766-37-4
ISSN: 1790-2769
ADVANCED TOPICS on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY
Proceedings of the 3rd IASME / WSEAS International Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS &
HYDROLOGY (WHH '08)
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, February 23-25, 2008
Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks
Published by WSEAS Press www.wseas.org
Copyright © 2008, by WSEAS Press
All the copyright of the present book belongs to the World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Editor of World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society Press.
All papers of the present volume were peer reviewed by two independent reviewers. Acceptance was granted when both reviewers' recommendations were positive.
See also: http://www.worldses.org/review/index.html
ISSN: 1790-2769
ISBN: 978-960-6766-37-4
World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society
ADVANCED TOPICS on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY
Proceedings of the 3rd IASME / WSEAS International Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS &
HYDROLOGY (WHH '08)
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, February 23-25, 2008
Editors:
Prof. Dr. Jurij Krope, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Univ. of Maribor, SLOVENIA
Dr. Ioannis Sakellaris,
National Technical University of Athens, GREECE
International Program Committee Members:
Prof. Laszlo Garbai, Technical University of Budapest, HUNGARY Prof. Dorde Kozic, Univ. of Belgrade, SERBIA and MONTENEGRO Prof. Darko Goricanec, Univ. of Maribor, SLOVENIA
Prof. A. C. Benim, Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences, Duesseldorf, Germany
Prof. Abul-Fazal M. Arif, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, SAUDI ARABIA Prof. Agis Papadopoulos, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, GREECE
Prof. Ahmed Hassan, Assuit University, Assuit, EGYPT Prof. Ahmed Mohammadein ,Aswan Faculty of Science, EGYPT Prof. Alexander Kuzmin, St. Petersburg State University, RUSSIA
Prof. Ali J. Chamkha, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Shuweikh, KUWAIT Prof. Aly Elshamy, Menoufia University, EGYPT
Prof. Ana Sirviente, University of Michigan, USA
Prof. Andrei G. Fedorov, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Prof. Aroudam El hassan, Dept. of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Tetouan, MAROCCO Prof. Asad Salem, University of Ohio, Cleveland, Ohio, UNITED STATES
Prof. Aura L. Lopez de Ramos, Universidad Simon Bolivar. VENEZUELA Prof. Aydin Misirlioglu, Istanbul Technical University, TURKEY
Prof. Beghidja Abdelhadi, Noisy le Grand, FRANCE Prof. Bodo Ruck, University of Karlsruhe, GERMANY
Prof. Boris Ushakov, Head of department, State Metallurgical Univ. in Moscow, RUSSIA
Prof. Bouhadef Khedidja, Laboratoire des Transports Polyphasiques et Milieux Poreux, ALGERIA
Prof. Bouhadef Malek, Universite des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, ALGERIA Prof. Bozidar, Liscic, President of IFHTSE, Zagreb, CROATIA,
Prof. C. J. Ho, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National, Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TAIWAN Prof. C. Treviño, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, MEXICO
Prof. C.W. Leung, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HONG KONG Prof. Chang Kyun Choi, Seoul National University, KOREA
Prof. Chin-Hsiang Cheng, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tatung University, Taipei, TAIWAN Prof. Chun-I Chen, I-Shou University, TAIWAN
Prof. Claudia del Carmen Gutierrez-Torres, National Polytechnic Institute, MEXICO Prof. David Katoshevski, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, ISRAEL
Prof. Domenico Guida, Universita di Salerno, ITALY
Prof. Dragoljub Mirjanic, University of Banja Luka, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Prof. Falin Chen, Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TAIWAN Prof. Federico Mendez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, MEXICO
Prof. Fereydoun Sabetghadam, Azad University, Tehran IRAN
Prof. Florin Popescu, University "Dunarea de Jos" of Galati, Galati ROMANIA Prof. Fotis Sotiropoulos, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Prof. Francoise Daumas-Bataille, INSA - Centre de Thermique de Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, FRANCE Prof. Gareth Thomas, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Prof. Gennaro Cardone, University of Naple (Napoli), ITALY Prof. Günter K.F., Bärwolff Inst. of Mathematics, Berlin, GERMANY Prof. H.S. Takhar, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
Prof. Hany Mohamed, Assiut University, EGYPT
Prof. Haris Catrakis, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Prof. Henar Herrero, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, SPAIN Prof. Hossein Shokouhmand, University of Tehran, IRAN
Prof. Hyung Hee Cho, Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, KOREA Prof. Ivan Kazachkov, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SWEDEN
Prof. Jean-Christophe Robinet, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers - CER Paris, FRANCE Prof. Jeong-se Suh Gyeongsang, National University, KOREA
Prof. Jing Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , P. R. CHINA Prof. Joakim Wren, Linköping University, SWEDEN
Prof. Joseph T. C. Liu, Brown University, Providence RI, USA
Prof. Junjie Gu, Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, CANADA Prof. K. P. Sandeep, North Carolina State University, USA
Prof. Kadir Bilen, Ataturk University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erzurum,TURKEY Prof. Kai H. Luo, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
Prof. Khaled Alhussan, King Abdulaziz City for Science and technology, SAUDI ARABIA Prof. Krish Thiagarajan, The University of Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
Prof. Luis Cortez, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, Sao Paolo, BRAZIL Prof. M. Abu-Zaid, Faculty of Eng. , Mutah University, JORDAN
Prof. Mahmoud Jamiolahmady, Heriot-watt University, Edinburgh, UK Prof. Mario Misale, Universitat degli Studi di Genova, ITALY
Prof. Md Anwar, Hossain University of Dhaka, BANGLADESH
Prof. Mehdi Azhdary Moghaddam, Civil Eng. Dept., University of Sistan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, IRAN Prof. Mehmet C. Ece, Trakya Universitesi, Edirne, TURKEY
Prof. Michiharu Narazaki, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochgi, JAPAN, Prof. Mohd Al-Nimr, Jordan University of Science and Technology, JORDAN Prof. Mostafa Mahmoud, Benha University , EGYPT
Prof. Muthukumaran Packirisamy, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, CANADA Prof. Nabil Moussa, American University in Cairo, EGYPT
Prof. Nicolas Galanis, Université de Sherbrooke, CANADA
Prof. Nikolaos Markatos, National Technical University of Athens, GREECE Prof. Oh-hyun Rho, Seoul National University, KOREA
Prof. Oleg V. Vasilyev, University of Colorado, USA
Prof. Olga Mazhorova, Russia Academy of Science, Moscow, RUSSIA Prof. Omar Abdel-hafez, Assiut University, EGYPT
Prof. P V S N Murthy, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, NDIA Prof. Pablo S. Casas, E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales de Barcelona, SPAIN
Prof. Pascal Roubides, University of Miami, Florida, UNITED STATES
Prof. Pavel Krukovsky, Head of the dept. Ukran. Nat. Academy of Sciences, Kiev, UKRAINE Prof. Pradip Majumdar, Northern Illinois University, USA
Prof. Pradipta Panigrahi, German Aerospace(DLR), Goettingen, GERMANY Prof. Rafael Royo, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, SPAIN
Prof. Ramil Sharafutdinov, Bashkir State University, Bashkortostan RUSSIA Prof. Roger Grimshaw, Loughborough University, UK
Prof. Ryszard Tadeusiewicz, AGH University of Science and Technology, POLAND Prof. Serkan Ozgen, Middle East technical University, Ankara, TURKEY
Prof. Shabaan Abdallah, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Prof. Shoaib Usman, University of Missouri-Rolla, USA
Prof. Siavash Sohrab, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA Prof. Slawomir Smolen, Hochschule Bremen University, GERMANY
Prof. Somchai Wongwises, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, THAILAND Prof. Sujoy Kumar, Saha Bengal Engineering College, INDIA
Prof. Suman Chakraborty, Indian Insititute of Technology, Kharagpur INDIA
Prof. Tahira Haroon, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, PAKISTAN Prof. Tamas Reti, Polytechnic of Budapest, Dept. of Materials and Technology, HUNGARY, Prof. Tatsuo Inoue, Head of the Department at Kyoto University, Kyoto, JAPAN
Prof. Valeri Bubnovich, Universidad de Santiago, CHILE Prof. Viorel Stoian, University of Craiova, ROMANIA
Prof. Vitoriano Ruas, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), FRANCE Prof. Yinping Zhang, Tsinghua University, P.R. CHINA
Prof. Yizhen Huang, Shanghai Jiaotong University, CHINA
Preface
This book contains proceedings of the 3
rdIASME / WSEAS International Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY (WHH '08) which was held in University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, and February 23-25, 2008. The first WSEAS Water Resources, Hydraulics & Hydrology Conference was held in Chalkis, Greece, February 2006 and the 2
ndwas also held in Portoroz, Slovenia, February 2007. This year it held in University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. The Society (WSEAS) has also organized many other separate or joint conferences Water Resources, Hydrology, Hydraulics, Applied Fluids Technology, Water and Sustainability, Water and Agricultural Development etc as well as their impact and their interaction with other areas of Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Agricultural Engineering and Applied Physics. The various WSEAS conferences on Water Science, Hydraulics, Hydrology, Water Resources Management etc...
as well as their impact and their interaction with other areas of Modern Engineering and Science. The relevant titles could be retrieved from the web site:
www.worldses.org/history.htm
The 3
rdIASME / WSEAS International Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY (WHH '08) aims to disseminate the latest research and applications in the afore mentioned fields. The friendliness and openness of the WSEAS conferences, adds to their ability to grow by constantly attracting young researchers. The WSEAS Conferences attract a large number of well-established and leading researchers in various areas of Science and Engineering as you can see from http://www.wseas.org/reports. Your feedback encourages the society to go ahead as you can see in http://www.worldses.org/feedback.htm
The contents of this Book are also published in the CD-ROM Proceedings of the Conference. Both will be sent to the WSEAS collaborating indices after the conference:
www.worldses.org/indexes
In addition, papers of this book are permanently available to all the scientific community via the WSEAS E-Library.
Expanded and enhanced versions of papers published in these conference proceedings are also going to be considered for possible publication in one of the WSEAS journals that participate in the major International Scientific Indices (Elsevier, Scopus, EI, Compendex, INSPEC, CSA .... see: www.worldses.org/indexes) these papers must be of high-quality (break-through work) and a new round of a very strict review will follow. (No additional fee will be required for the publication of the extended version in a journal).
We cordially thank all the people of WSEAS for their efforts to maintain the high scientific level of conferences, proceedings and journals.
The Editors
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Plenary Lecture I: Exergy as a Tool for Sustainability 15
Marc A. Rosen
Plenary Lecture II: Minimum Energy for an Improved Environment: Electrical Machine
Design and Control for The Future 16
Roy Perryman and Stephen Dodds
Plenary Lecture II: Worldwide Energy Demand and Environmental Safeguard 18 Francesco Muzi
Assessment of Typhoon Flood in Taiwan Using Fuzzy Theory 21
Heng-yi Liao, Te-hsing Chang, An-pei Wang, Bo-wen Cheng
Numerical investigation of Velocity Field in Dividing Open-Channel Flow 27 Hamid Shamloo, Bahareh Pirzadeh
Rainfall – runoff modelling: combination of simple time-series, linear autoregressive
and artificial neural network models 32
Jagan Mohan Reddy, Arcodu; Suresh Babu, Chanda; Mallikarjuna, Perugu
Potential of Road Rainwater Harvesting in Urban Areas 40
Som nath Sachdeva, Umesh Sharma
Application of a Geolithologic Model for the Management of Groundwater 45 Giovanni Bruno, Claudia Cherubini, Luca Dima, Walter D'Autilia
Determination of Crop water requirement with new approach for adjustment factor in
Modified Penman Method 54
H.V. Hajare , Dr. N.S.Raman, Er. Jayant Dharkar
Estimation of mean monthly, annual rainfall in Andhra Pradesh using geostatistical
analysis 60
Krishna Murthy B R AND G Abbaiah
Rainfall infiltration into a crust affected soil under a semiarid low intensity rain
condition 78
Mohammad Hussin, Muhsen Awad, Alae Abdul-Jabbar
Predicting Arsenic Concentration in Groundwater using GIS-ANN Hybrid System 85 Krishna M. Neaupane and Md. Moqbul Hossain
Upscaling Groundwater Models for inclusion in Management Models - Case Study of
California’s Sacramento Valley 91
Julien Harou
End Depth as Measuring Device in Inverted Semicircular Channels 101 Seyed Vahid Nabavi
Free Overfall in ∆-Shaped Channels 107
Seyed Vahid Nabavi
Equilibrium Scour Depth Time 114
Baldev Setia
A High Accuracy Full Range Empirical Equation for Fall Distance of Sediment Particles 118 R. C. Bhattacharjee
The Role of Hydrology Study and Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Related To Heavy Rainfall and Flood Forming Potential of Water Basins, Case Study: Gorganroud Water Basin in Golestan Province, Iran
121
Ali Shakoor, Gholamreza Rowshan, Saeed Negahban
Impact Of lip Angle Of Flip Bucket Energy Dissipater On Scour Hole 126 Alireza parvishi, Mahmood Shafae Bajestan , Seyyed Habib Musavi Jahromi
Forest harvesting influence on river flows in the Lower Angara region 131 Alexander Onuchin, Tamara Burenina
Optimum Planning of Rice Farm Irrigation Network 134
Gholipour Yaghob
Experimental investigation of 3D flow in river bends 140
Ali salajegheh, Ali Salehineyshabori, Mohammad Mahdavi, Hasan Ahmadi, Masoud Qoudsiyan
Assessment of Water Resources Carrying Capacity: A Case Study of Zhangye in China 145 Zhu Yizhong
Study of Flood at Surat City and Its Remsdial Measures 151
Prasit Agnihotri, Jayantilal Patel
Investigation of Characteristics of Separation Zones in T-Junctions 157 Hamid Shamloo, Bahareh Pirzadeh
Operation of Regional Aquifers: Implementation of the Tank Model Parameters for
Optimal Withdrawal of Waters from Groundwater 162
Shija Kazumba, Gideon Oron, Yusuke Honjo, Kohji Kamiya
Simulator of Water Tank Level Control System Using PID-Controlle 168
Maziyah Mat Noh, Muhammad Sharfi Najib, Nurhanim Saadah Abdullah
Plenary Lecture I
Exergy as a Tool for Sustainability
Professor Marc A. Rosen Founding Dean
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology
Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
also: President-Elect, Engineering Institute of Canada
Abstract: We conventionally use energy-based efficiency measures to assess how well energy systems perform. Energy-based measures of merit, however, do not really indicate how nearly performance efficiency approaches the ideal. In fact, energy measures can lead to confusion and, in some instances, to wrong decisions and wasteful allocations of resources. Exergy analysis, which is based on the second law of thermodynamics, avoids the difficulties associated with energy methods, and allows efficiencies to be clearly understood and measures to improve efficiency to be properly assessed. In addition, exergy provides insights into environmental impact and ecology, as well as economics. When all facets of exergy methods are viewed together, exergy is seen to provide an extremely useful tool for understanding, assessing and achieving sustainability, within energy and other systems. In this presentation, the exergy concept and its application as an analysis and improvement tool, and its impact on efforts to achieve sustainability, are described. Various examples are used to illustrate the benefits of exergy.
Brief biography of the speaker: Dr. Marc A. Rosen, P.Eng. is Professor and founding Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in Oshawa, Canada. He is also President-elect of the Engineering Institute of Canada and has served as President of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering. With over 50 research grants and contracts and 400 technical publications, Dr. Rosen is an active teacher and researcher in thermodynamics, energy technology (including cogeneration, district energy, thermal storage and renewable energy), and the environmental impact of energy and industrial systems. Much of his research has been carried out for industry, and Dr. Rosen has also worked for such organizations as Imatra Power Company in Finland, Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, and the Institute for Hydrogen Systems near Toronto. Dr. Rosen has received numerous awards and honours, and is a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the International Energy Foundation.
Plenary Lecture II
Minimum Energy for an Improved Environment: Electrical Machine Design and Control for The Future
Professor Roy Perryman Ford Professor of Engineering Education,
University of East London E-mail: R.Perryman@uel.ac.uk
Professor Stephen Dodds Professor of Control Engineering,
University of East London E-mail: s.j.dodds@uel.ac.uk
Abstract: This paper presents a vision for the future design of electrical machines and the systems in which they are employed with a view to achieving a contribution to the overall energy consumption minimisation throughout industry. For example, developments in rare earth magnetic materials have enabled new designs of high power density, high efficiency machines. Computationally demanding design techniques such as finite elements and genetic algorithms are becoming practicable with advances in software and digital processors.
This is enabling the progress of more sophisticated machine designs with special rotor and stator geometries yielding optimal flux paths, high torque and minimal ripple outputs. To achieve the aforementioned energy consumption minimisation, not only is the electrical machine design important but also the consideration of the energy losses in the systems employing the electrical machines. Automatic control will play an increasingly important role in this regard. Optimal control strategies, especially those involving nonlinearities, are of an open loop structure and hitherto have been largely of academic interest in view of their sensitivities to parametric errors and external disturbances. Advances in easily attained computational power, however, are enabling practicable closed loop versions of these optimal controls that overcome these limitations to be created, with the aid of artificial intelligence. This paper includes several applications in which combined electrical machine design for maximum efficiency and system design for minimum energy usage is of paramount importance.
Brief Biography of the Speakers:
Roy Perryman: graduated with a BSc(Hons) in Electrical Engineering in 1969 and gained a PhD in Magnetic Materials in 1974. He spent 17 years in the electrical and electronics industry working with AFA Minerva (EMI) Ltd, Bowthorpe Controls, and Walter Jones & Co Ltd. In 1988 he joined the University of Greenwich and became Associate Head of the School of Engineering. He was subsequently appointed as Head of the School of Electrical & Manufacturing Engineering at the University of East London in 1996 and became Ford Professor in Engineering Education in 2004. He is a Chartered Engineer and Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (FIET). His research interests are in the design and control of electrical machines and drive systems, magnetic materials, condition monitoring and the application of neural networks.
Stephen Dodds: received a BSc (Hons) in Electrical Engineering in 1967, an MSc in Systems Engineering in 1970 and a PhD in the Control of Flexible Spacecraft in 1985. He spent 13 years as an attitude and orbit control systems engineer on European space programmes and originated new digitally implemented spacecraft attitude control. In 1985 he was appointed Reader in Control Engineering at the University of East London (UEL) and subsequently expanded his control systems research to encompass electrical drives. In 1997 he was made an Academician of the Academy of Non-linear Sciences of Russia and became Professor of Control Engineering at UEL. His general research interests encompass robust control techniques and feedback linearisation, which has resulted in the recent innovations in drive control systems falling under the general heading of 'forced dynamic control'.
Plenary Lecture III
Worldwide Energy Demand and Environmental Safeguard
Professor Francesco Muzi
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of L’Aquila
Italy
E-mail: muzi@ing.univaq.it
Web site: http://www.diel.univaq.it/people/muzi/
Abstract: The great increase in the world’s population along with the improvement in life standards of poorer countries will imply a rapidly growing energy demand in the next few decades. Possible scenarios foresee an increase of as much as 100% in global energy demand from the present to 2050, mainly concentrated in Asian countries as China, India, Indonesia, and in southern Africa. In this situation, there will be two main challenges to face: on the one hand, to find and ensure the energy resources necessary to support both the continuing growth of industrialised countries, and the rising demands of developing countries; on the other hand, to mitigate the already occurring climate changes and assure environment safeguard. In order to meet these crucial requirements, innovation and new technologies will play a fundamental role in our future. New, enlightened policies can effectively establish important opportunities for countries willing to face the challenge. From this point of view, Germany and Spain have already undertaken the path of renewable energy since a few years ago; the UK has recently announced the development of a new, important research project aimed at CO2 reduction. Moreover, both the European Union and the U.S.A. have recently enacted a number of directives that clearly point in this direction. As regards this global competition, the present lecture will mainly discuss the combined role of the following topics: the development of renewable energy sources, the efficiency in energy end-uses, and frontier technologies in electric power engineering. In this context, emphasis will be given also to smart-grids and distributed generation for an innovative, effective and comprehensive system of electric energy production and distribution.
Brief Biography of the Speaker: Francesco Muzi is a professor of Power Systems at the University of L’Aquila, Italy, where he has also the scientific responsibility for the Power System Group. His main research interests concern Power systems transients and dynamics, Power quality in distribution systems, Power system reliability, Electromagnetic analysis, and Power systems diagnostics and protection. In these fields, he authored or co-authored over 100 scientific papers published in reviewed journals or presented at international conferences. For his contribution on Lightning Induced Overvoltages, he received a mention in the book of P.
Chowdhuri “Electromagnetic Transients in Power Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, New York and participated to the outline of the “IEEE Guide for improving the lightning performance of electric lines”, IEEE Standards Department, New York. He has also a patent for an industrial invention, namely “Power system controlled by a microprocessor”. He is a regional chairman of the Italian National Lighting Society and was a chairman or keynote lecturer in a number of international conferences organized by ISSAT (International Society of Science and Applied Technologies) and WSEAS. He is a technical reviewer for the following international journals: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Electric Power Systems Research by Elsevier Science, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution.
