(1)DXWRYDORUL H DXWRYHWWRUL1 Vld xqd pdwulfh txdgudwd gl ruglqh ? uhdoh +r frpsohvvd, h xq yhwwruh frorqqd1 Vh

(1)

DXWRYDORUL H DXWRYHWWRUL1

Vld xqd pdwulfh txdgudwd gl ruglqh ? uhdoh +r frpsohvvd, h xq yhwwruh frorqqd1

Vh ' b frq b 5 U +r F, h 9' f/ doorud b ë ghwwr dxwrydoruh gl h ë o*dxwryhwwruh fruulvsrqghqwh d b1 Vl lqglfd frq Tb o*dxwrvsd}lr gl b/

flrë

Tb' i G ' bj ^ ifj1

Tb lqfoxgh wxwwl jol dxwryhwwrul hg dqfkh lo yhwwruh qxoor hg ë xq vrwwrvsd}lr gl U^? +r gl F^?,1

RVVHUYD]LRQL +lpsruwdqwl$,1

4, Vh b ë xq dxwrydoruh gl frq dxwryhwwruh / doorud b⁶ ë xq dxwrydoruh gl ⁶ frq jol vwhvvl dxwryhwwrul/ shu rjql 6 lqwhur srvlwlyr1 Lqidwwl/ shu 6 ' 2/

² ' ' b ' b ' bb ' b²1

Door vwhvvr prgr vl surfhgh shu 6 jhqhulfr1 Vh ë lqyhuwleloh/ or vwhvvr ydoh shu rjql 6 lqwhur qhjdwlyr1

5, Dxwrvsd}l gl dxwrydorul glvwlqwl kdqqr lq frpxqh vror lo yhwwruh qxoor/

flrë dxwryhwwrul gl dxwrydorul glvwlqwl vrqr lqglshqghqwl1 Lqidwwl/ vh

5 T_b h 5 T_>, ' b h ' > , Eb > ' f

pd b 9' > , ' f1

Frph vl wurydqr dxwrydorul h dxwryhwwrul1

' b frq 9' f vl sxõ ulvfulyhuh frph E bU ' f/ fkh ë xq vlvwhpd olqhduh rprjhqhr frq vrox}lrql qrq edqdol 9' f vh h vror vh

ghwE bU ' f 1

(2)

Txhvw*xowlpd ë o*htxd}lrqh ghjol dxwrydorul1 +Sxõ dffdghuh fkh xqd r slü vrox}lrql vldqr frpsohvvh> lq txhvwr fdvr qrq vrqr dxwrydorul vh vl frq0 vlghudqr pdwulfl uhdol fkh rshudqr vx U^?1 Lqyhfh/ wxwwh oh pdwulfl frpsohvvh fkh rshudqr vx F^? kdqqr dxwrydorul,1

Lqglfkldpr frq Eb od vhjxhqwh hvsuhvvlrqh=

Eb ' _i|E bU1

Eb ë xq srolqrplr lq b/ ghwwr srolqrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr gl c hg kd judgr ?1 Vl sxõ yhulfduh vxelwr fkh lo frh!flhqwh gl b^? ë E^?/ phqwuh lo whuplqh qrwr ë _i| +lqidwwl/ lo whuplqh qrwr gl xq srolqrplr ë Ef h/ qho fdvr gho srolqrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr/ Ef ' _i|E fU ' _i| ,1

GLDJRQDOL]]D]LRQH GHOOH PDWULFL1

Xqd pdwulfh vl glfh gldjrqdol}}deloh vh hvlvwh xqd edvh idwwd gd dxwryhw0 wrul1 Lq txhvwd edvh ë vfulwwd lq irupd gldjrqdoh frq jol dxwrydorul vxood gldjrqdoh1

F*ë xq lpsruwdqwh whruhpd fkh glfh fkh oh pdwulfl uhdol h vlpphwulfkh/

flrë wdol fkh ' ^|/ vrqr gldjrqdol}}delol +ryyldphqwh qrq ë reeoljdwrulr fkh xqd pdwulfh vld uhdoh h vlpphwulfd shu hvvhuh gldjrqdol}}deloh,1 Qho fdvr frpsohvvr/ od frqgl}lrqh gl vlpphwuld ë ' ^|c gryh ^| ë irupdwd gdl frpsohvvl frqlxjdwl ghjol hohphqwl gl ^|1

Shu xqd pdwulfh uhdoh 2 2 lo ulvxowdwr ë ryylr=

@ K S _

ë vlpphwulfd vh K ' S1 Wuryldpr jol dxwrydorul= _i|EbU ' f glyhqwd

_i|

@ b K K _ b

' f / E@ b E_ b K² ' f / @_ n b² E@ n _b K² ' f / b² E@ n _b K²n @_ ' f1

{ ' E@ n _²n eK² e@_ ' @²n _²n eK² e@_

' E@ _²n eK² A f1

(3)

Vh { ' f/ doorud K ' f h od pdwulfh ë jld gldjrqdoh1 Vh lqyhfh jol dxwrydorul vrqr glvwlqwl iud orur +{ : f,/ jol dxwryhwwrul irupdqr xqd edvh/ shufkë vrqr 2 h vrqr lqglshqghqwl shufkë dssduwhqjrqr dg dxwrvsd}l gl dxwrydorul glvwlqwl1 Vh ë gldjrqdol}}deloh/ yxro gluh fkh fdpeldqgr edvh/ flrë sdvvdqgr dg xqd edvh idwwd gl dxwryhwwrul/ glyhqwd ' ³/ frq gldjrqdoh1 Od irupxod qrq ë xqlfd/ qho vhqvr fkh txdovldvl pdwulfh fkh kd frph frorqqh oh frpsrqhqwl gl xqd edvh gl dxwryhwwrul/ wudvirupd lq xqd pdwulfh gldjrqdoh1

FRQGL]LRQL GL GLDJRQDOL]]DELOLWÃ1

Vld _ Eb od prowhsolflwã dojheulfd ghoo*dxwrydoruh b +flrë od prowhsolf0 lwã gl b frph udglfh gho srolqrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr, h 6 Eb od prowhsolf0 lwã jhrphwulfd gl b +flrë od glphqvlrqh ghoo*dxwrvsd}lr Tb,1 Vl kd vhpsuh

9 6 Eb 9 _ Eb1 Shu fxl/ qho fdvr frpsohvvr +flrë qho fdvr gl pdwulfl rshudqwl vx yhwwrul gl F^?,/ vlffrph xq srolqrplr gl judgr ? kd vhpsuh ? udglfl/ vl kd vhpsuh

S_ Eb ' ?/

gryh S

ë od vrppd vx wxwwl jol dxwrydorul1 Doorud/ vh shu rjql b vl kd 6 Eb ' _ Eb/ flrë jol dxwrydorul vrqr wxwwl uhjrodul/ ë fkldur fkh od pdwulfh ë gldjrqdol}}deloh/ shufkë fl vrqr deedvwdq}d dxwryhwwrul lqglshqghqwl shu irupduh xqd edvh S

6 Eb ' ?1

Qho fdvr uhdoh/ txhvwr qrq edvwd/ shufkë qrq ë ghwwr fkh fl vldqr ? udglfl uhdol h txlqgl qrq ë jdudqwlwr fkh S

_ Eb ' ?/ txlqgl qhpphqr fkh S6 Eb ' ?1 Doorud/ xqd pdwulfh uhdoh ë gldjrqdol}}deloh vh _ Eb ' 6 Eb

shu rjql b h/ lqrowuh/ S

_ Eb ' ?1 FDVL SDUWLFRODUL1

Vh xqd pdwulfh frpsohvvd kd dxwrydorul wxwwl glvwlqwl ë gldjrqdol}}0 deloh1 Lqidwwl/ lq txhvwr fdvr/ _ Eb ' shu rjql b h S

_ Eb ' ? h txlqgl ghyh hvvhuh dqfkh 6 Eb ' / txlqgl vldpr qho fdvr gl dxwrydorul uhjrodul1 Xqd pdwulfh uhdoh fkh kd dxwrydorul wxwwl glvwlqwl ë gldjrqdol}}deloh vh/ lqrowuh/

S_ Eb ' ?1

Xqd pdwulfh ghood irupd

(4)

' 3 EE EC

f f f ₂ f 111 111 111 111 f f _r

4 FF FD/

gryh c ₂c c _r vrqr pdwulfl txdgudwh/ ë ghwwd pdwulfh d eorf0 fkl1 Vl sxõ glprvwuduh fkh lo vxr ghwhuplqdqwh ë xjxdoh do surgrwwr ghl ghwhuplqdqwl ghl ydul eorffkl c 2c c r1 Lqrowuh/ shu or vwxglr gl dxwr0 ydorul/ dxwrvsd}l h gldjrqdol}}delolwã vl srvvrqr frqvlghuduh l ydul eorffkl vhsdudwdphqwh1

RVVHUYD]LRQH1

Vh xqd pdwulfh ë gldjrqdol}}deloh wxwwh oh vxh srwhq}h lqwhuh ⁶or vrqr1 Vh ë lqyhuwleloh h gldjrqdol}}deloh/ dqfkh oh vxh srwhq}h lqwhuh qhjdwlyh or vrqr +edvwd ulfrugduh fkh h ⁶ kdqqr jol vwhvvl dxwryhwwrul,1

HVHPSL1

4, Wuryduh xqd pdwulfh fkh gldjrqdol}}d

' 2

'

3 EC

2

4 FD

Ghwhuplqldpr jol dxwrydorul=

_i|E bU '

2 b

e>

_i|E bU ' f / b² b nb e

e ' f / b² b n 2 ' f Oh vrox}lrql vrqr b ' h b2 ' 21

Shu b ' / vl kd 3

EC

2 2

2

4 FD

% +

'

f f

/

;A

? A=

2%

2+ ' f

2% n

2+ ' f

(5)

Doorud

%

ë o*dxwrvsd}lr uhodwlyr d b h xqd edvh ë/ dg hvhpslr/ '

1

Shu b2 ' 2/ vl kd 3

EC

2 2 2

2

2 2

4 FD

% +

'

f f

/

;A

? A=

2%

2+ ' f

2%

2+ ' f

, % ' +1

Doorud o*dxwrvsd}lr T₂ ë frvwlwxlwr gd yhwwrul gho wlsr

%

1 Xqd edvh ë/ dg hvhpslr/ 2 '

1

Rud srvvldpr vfulyhuh / phwwhqgr lq frorqqd h 2=

'

/ ³ ' 2

/

h vl kd

' ³ ' 3 EC

2

2 2

2 4 FD

3 EC

2

4 FD

'

f f 2

1

5, Lq U frqvlghuldpr o*dssolfd}lrqh ) G U $ U wdoh fkh

) E$e ' $e ₂>

) E$e 2 ' $e >

) E$e ' $e 1

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Od pdwulfh dvvrfldwd d ) ë ' 3

C f f

f f f f

4 D1

Eb ' _i|E bU ' _i|

3

C b f

b f

f f b 4

D ' E b Eb² 1

frq prowhsolflwã 2

Eb ' f / b ' (

) frq prowhsolflwã

Dxwrvsd}l= T ' i G ' j> T2 ' i G ' j

' / E U ' f / 3

C f

f

f f f

4 D

3 C %

+5 4 D '

3 C f

ff 4 D

, oE ' / txlqgl holplqldpr gxh htxd}lrql h vvldpr gxh sdudphwul1 T ë doorud lo sldqr gl htxd}lrqh % + ' f/ flrë % ' + h 5 T ë gho wlsr

' 3 C %

%5 4

D1 Xqd edvh gl T ë/ dg hvhpslr/ ' 3 C

f 4 D/ 2 '

3 C f

f 4 D1

' / E n U ' f / 3

C f

f f f 2

4 D

3 C %

+5 4 D '

3 C f

ff 4 D

, oE ' 2/ txlqgl holplqldpr xq*htxd}lrqh h vvldpr xq sdudphwur1 T₂ ë doorud od uhwwd gl htxd}lrql

% n + ' f

5 ' f h xqd edvh ë gdwd gd ' 3

C

f 4 D1

Xqd pdwulfh gldjrqdol}}dqwh ë/ dg hvhpslr/

(7)

' 3

C f

f

f f 4 D

h vl kd ' ³ ' 3

C f f f f f f

4 D1

6, O*dssolfd}lrqh olqhduh s G U $ U gdwd gd

sE$e ' $e 2>

sE$e ₂ ' $e >

sE$e ' $e /

qrq ë gldjrqdol}}deloh1 Lqidwwl/ od pdwulfh dvvrfldwd ë

' 3

C f f

f f f f

4 D

h lo srolqrqlr fdudwwhulvwlfr ë Eb ' E b

b²n

1 Xq vror dxwrydoruh ë uhdoh b ' 1 Doorud T kd glphqvlrqh h xq yhwwruh qrq edvwd shu irupduh xqd edvh lq U1 ë lqyhfh gldjrqdol}}deloh vx F/ flrë frph hqgrpruvpr gl F/ shufkë lq F kd wuh dxwrydorul glvwlqwl= b ' / b2 ' / b ' h l fruulvsrqghqwl dxwrvsd}l kdqqr wxwwl glphqvlrqh 41

7, Od pdwulfh

' 3 EE EE C

f f f f S f f f f f 2 2 2 f f 2 2 2 f f 2 2 2

4 FF FF D

(8)

ë d eorffkl= '

f S

c 2 ' 3

C 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

4

D1 Lo sulpr eorffr kd dxwrydorul h S +od yhulfd ë lpphgldwd,1 Lo vhfrqgr eorffr kd udqjr / txlqgl od glphqvlrqh gho qxfohr ë 2 +_4 !ih 2 ' oE2, h f ë xq dxwrydoruh gl prowhsolflwã jhrphwulfd 2 +lqidwwl/ _4 !ih ₂ ' _4 !ihE₂ fU ' _Ef,1 Lqrowuh/ ulxvfldpr d wuryduh vxelwr xq dowur dxwrydoruh/ rvvhuydqgr fkh

3

C 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

4 D

3 C

4 D '

3 C S

SS 4 D ' S

3 C

4 D/

shu fxl S ë xq dxwrydoruh1 O*dxwrydoruh kd prowhsolflwã dojheulfd h jhr0 phwulfd xjxdoh d 1 Shu txdqwr uljxdugd o*dxwrydoruh S/ txhvwr kd prowhsolflwã dojheulfd xjxdoh d 2/ phqwuh vl ghyh wuryduh od vxd prowhsolflwã jhrphwulfd=

3 EE EE C

f f f f S f f f f f 2 2 2 f f 2 2 2 f f 2 2 2

4 FF FF D

3 EE EE C

%+

5

4 FF FF D'

3 EE EE C

% n + 25 n 2 n 2S+

25 n 2 n 2

4 FF FF D'

3 EE EE C

S%S+

S5S

S

4 FF FF D

,

;A AA AA

? AA AA A=

% ' | + ' |D 5 ' o

' o

' o ,

3 EE EE C

%+

5

4 FF FF D'

D| 3 EE EE C

D ff f

4 FF FF Dn o

3 EE EE C

ff

4 FF FF Dc

gd fxl xqd edvh shu o*dxwrvsd}lr ghoo*dxwrydoruh S ë=

;A AA A? AA AA

= 3 EE EE C

D ff f

4 FF FF Dc

3 EE EE C

ff

4 FF FF D

<A AA A@ AA AA

>

/

(9)

txlqgl S ë uhjroduh1 Lqqh/ f kd prowhsolflwã jhrphwulfd xjxdoh d 2/ frph ghwwr vrsud1 Dqfkh od prowhsolflwã dojheulfd ë xjxdoh d 2/ shufkë od pdwulfh

ë gl ruglqh D/ shuflõ od vrppd ghooh prowhsolflwã dojheulfkh ghyh gduh D=

6Ef ' D 6ES 6E ' D 2 ' 21 Srlfkë wxwwl jol dxwrydorul vrqr uhjrodul/ od pdwulfh ë gldjrqdol}}deloh1

WHRUHPD GL FD\OH\0KDPLOWRQ1

Vld xqd pdwulfh1 Deeldpr ylvwr fkh E% ' _i|E %U ë xq srol0 qrplr gl judgr ? qhood yduldeloh % h jol }hul gl E% vrqr jol dxwrydorul gl 1 Frqvlghuldpr lo vhjxhqwh lpsruwdqwh=

Whruhpd gl Fd|oh|0Kdplowrq1 Rjql pdwulfh ë udglfh gho vxr srol0 qrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr1

HVHPSLR1

Vld gdwd od pdwulfh

'

Srolqrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr= E% ' _i|E %U ' _i|

%

flrë E% ' %² % % n ' %² e% n 21

Lo whruhpd glfh fkh/ vh do srvwr gl % phwwldpr h do srvwr gl phwwldpr o*lghqwlwã U/ rwwhqldpr od pdwulfh qxood/ flrë

E ' ² e n 2U ' /

frq pdwulfh frq wxwwl f1 Lqidwwl

² '

'

2 e e f

e '

e e

e 2

2U '

2 f f 2

² e n 2U '

f f f f

1

(10)

Shu oh pdwulfl 2 2 ë vhpsuh

E% ' %² %A o n _i| /

gryh A o ë od wudffld gl / flrë od vrppd ghjol hohphqwl vxood gldjrqdoh1 Frqvhjxhq}d lqwhuhvvdqwh gho whruhpd gl Fd|oh|0Kdplowrq ë lo fdofror ghood pdwulfh lqyhuvd +vh _i| 9' f,1

Vld E% ' E^?%^?n n &% n &f lo srolqrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr1

+Vl ulfrugl fkh lo frh!flhqwh gl %^?ë vhpsuh E^?h lo whuplqh qrwr/ flrë lo whuplqh gl srwhq}d f/ ë vhpsuh &_f ' _i| ,1

E ' / E^?^?n n & n _i| U ' / dE^?^?3n &?3^?32n n &Uo ' _i| U / dE^?^?3n &?3^?32n n &Uo ' _i| ³

gd fxl

³ '

_i| dE^?^?3n &_?3^?32n n &Uo HVHPSLR1

Gdwd

' 3

C 2 f 2 2 f

4 D/

vl kd E% ' %n S%² b% n e/ txlqgl

³ '

eE²n S bU '

eE² S n bU ' e

3

C e 2 f 2 f 2

4 D

(1)DXWRYDORUL H DXWRYHWWRUL1 Vld  xqd pdwulfh txdgudwd gl ruglqh ? uhdoh +r frpsohvvd, h  xq yhwwruh frorqqd1 Vh

(1)DXWRYDORUL H DXWRYHWWRUL1 Vld xqd pdwulfh txdgudwd gl ruglqh ? uhdoh +r frpsohvvd, h xq yhwwruh frorqqd1 Vh