BIBLIOGRAFIA
1. Drossman DA, Corazziari E, Delvaux M, et al. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. ROME III: the functional gastrointestinal disorders. Mc Lean, Virginia:
Degnon Ass; 2006.
2. Corazziari Enrico. Stipsi cronica. Prima Edizione. Milano. MESSAGGI INTERNATIONAL s.r.l. 2012.
3. Corazziari E, Bausano G, Torsoli A, et al. Italian cooperative study on chronic constipation. In: Wienbeck M, editor. Motility of digestive tract. New York: Raven Press; 1982:5235.
4. Bharucha AE, Wald A, Enck P, and Rao S. Functional anorectal disorders.
Gastroenterology 2006; 130:15101518.
5. Bove A, Pucciani F, Bellini M, et al. Consensus statement AIGO/SICCR:
Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation (part I:
Diagnosis). World J. of Gastroenterology Aprile 2012; vol.18:Issue 14.
6. Corazziari E. Definition and epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Best Pratice & Res Clin Gastroenterol 2004;18:61331.
7. Gaburri M, Bassotti G, Bacci G, et al. Functional gut disorders and health care survey seeking behavior in an Italian non patient population. Recenti Prog Med 1989;80:2414.
8. Wald A, Scarpignato C, MuellerLissner S, et al. A multinational survey of
prevalence and patterns of laxative use among adults with selfdefined constipation. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009;37:73745.
9. Mugie SM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: A systematic review. Best Pratice & Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011;25:318.
10. Dinnig PG, Szczesniak MM, Cook IJ. Twenty four hour spatiotemporal mapping of colonic propagating sequences provides pathophysiological insight into
constipation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008; 20:101721.
11. Dinning PG, Zarate N, Hunt LM, et al. Pancolonic spatiotemporal mapping reveal regional deficiencies in, and disorganization of colonic propagating pressure waves in severe constipation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:e3409.
12. Badiali D, Bausano G, Magrini P, Corazziari E. Relationship between large bowel transit, rectal sensitivity and abdominal pain in functional constipation.
Gastroenterology 2001;120:A754.
13. Shorvon PJ, Mc Hugh S, Diamant NE, et al. Defecography in normal volunteers:
results and implications. Gut 1989;30:173746.
14. Lowry AC, Clifford LS, Boulos P, et al. Consensus statement of definitions for anorectal physiology and rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44:9159.
15. Candeloro L, Badiali D, Cappuccio R, et al. Is there any difference in the defecographic detection of pelvic floor disorders between constipated and not constipated patients. Dig Liv Dis 2009; 415:5989.
16. Biviano I, Badiali D, Candeloro L, et al. Comparative outcome of stapled transanal rectal resection and macrogol in the treatment of defecation disorders.
World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4199205.
17. Barnett JL, Hasler WL, Camilleri M. American Gastroenterology Association Medical Statement on anorectal testing techniques. Gastroenterology 1999;
116:73260.
18. Pucciani F, Ringressi MN. Obstructed defecation: the role of anorectal manometry. Tech Coloproctol. 2012 Feb;16(1):6772.
19. Bove A, Balzano A. La dissinergia del pavimento pelvico. Prima Edizione.
Napoli. Mediserve s.r.l.2002
20. Rao SSC, Mudipalli RS, Stessman M, Zimmerman B. Investigation of the utility of colorectal function tests and Rome II criteria in dyssynergic defecation (Anismus).
Neurogastroenterol Motil 2004;16:1–8.
21. Jones PN, Lubowski DZ, Swash M et, al. Is paradoxical contraction of
puborectalis muscle of functional importance? Dis Colon Rectum. 1987; 30: 66770.
22. Jones MP, Post J, Crowell MD. Highresolution manometry in the evaluation of anorectal disorders: a simultaneous comparison with waterperfused manometry. Am J Gastroenterol, 2007; 102: 850855.
23. Noelting J, Ratuapli SK, Bharucha AE,Harvey DM, Ravi K, Zinsmeister
AR.Normal values for highresolution anorectal manometry in healthy women: effects of age and significance of rectoanal gradient. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107: 1530–6.
24. Ratuapli SK, Bharucha AE, Noelting J, Harvey DM, Zinsmeister AR. Phenotypic identification and classification of functional defecatory disorders using
highresolution anorectal manometry. Gastroenterology. 2013 Feb;144(2):314322.
25. Yang X, Partanen K, Farin P et al (1995) Defecography. Acta Radiol 36:460–468.
26. Goei R, van Engelshoven J, Schouten H, Baeten C, Stassen C. Anorectal function:
defecographic measurement in asymptomatic subjects. Radiology. 1989 Oct;173(1):13741.
27. Morris A, Parker S (2006) Defecography: technique, interpretation, and current use. In: Wexner S, Duthie G (eds) Constipation: etiology, evaluation and
management, 2nd edn. Springer, London, pp 85–98.
28. Jorge JM, HabrGama A, Werner SD. Clinical applications and techniques of cinedefecography. Am J Surg.2001; 182:93101.
29. Peters WA, Smith MR, Drescher CW. Rectal prolaps in woman with other defects of pelvic floor support. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;184:148895.
30. De Nuntis S, Bevilacqua M, Forlini G, et al. Pelvic floor dyssinergia:
videooproctographic analysis and pathologic associations in defecation obstruction syndrom. Rad Med. 1998; 961:7380.
31. Weidner AC, Low LH. Imaging studies of pelvic floor. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1998; 25:82548.
32. Grassi R, Catalano O, Salzano, et al. Disordini funzionali anorettali: referti defecografici associati e loro corrispondenza con la sintomatologia. Rad Med 1994;
88:5662.
33. Karasick S, Karasik D, Sheldom KR. Functional disorders of the anus and rectum:
findings on Defecography. AJR 1993; 160:77782.
34. Yang X, Partanen K, Farin P, Ji H, Soimakallio S. Reproducibility of five anorectal morphologic measurements in defecography.Acad Radiol. 1994 Nov;
(1)3:2248.
35. Halligan S, Bartram CI, Park HJ, and Kamm MA. Proctographic features of anismus. Radiology. 1995 Dec; 197(3):67982.
36. Kim AJ. How to interpret a functional or motility test defecography. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Oct; 17(4):416420.
37. Goei R, van Engelshoven J, Schouten H, Baeten C, Stassen C. Anorectal function:
defecographic measurement in asymptomatic subjects. Radiology. 1989 Oct;173(1):13741.
38. Goei R. Anorectal function in patients with defecation disorders and asymptomatic subjects: evaluation withdefecography. Radiology. 1990 Jan;174(1):1213.
39. Tunn R, Schaer G, Peschers U. Update recommendations on ultrasonography in urogynecology. Int Urogynecol J 2005; 16: 236 – 241.
40. Stoker J, Halligan S, Bartram C.I. Pelvic floor imaging. State of the art.
Radiology. 2001; 218:621641.
41. Rifkin MD, Kurtz AB, Goldberg BB. Sonographically guided transperineal prostatic biopsy: preliminary experience with a longitudinal lineararray transducer.
AJR Am J Roentgenol 1983 Apr; 140(4): 7457.
42. Rubens DJ, Strang JG, BogineniMisra S, Wexler IE.Transperineal sonography of the rectum: anatomy and pathology revealed by sonography compared with CT and MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998 Mar;170(3):63742.
43. BeerGabel M, Carter D. Comparison of dynamic transperineal ultrasound and defecography for the evaluation of pelvic floor disorders. Int J Colorectal Dis 2015;30:835841.
44. Martellucci J, Naldini G. Clinical relevance of transperineal ultrasound compared with evacuation proctography for the evaluation of patients with obstructed
defecation. Colorectal Dis. 2011 Oct;13(10):116772.
45. Perniola G., Shek C. Defecation proctography and translabial ultrasound in the investigation of defecatory disorders. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31: 567471.
46. Kohorn EI, Scioscia AL, Jeanty P, Hobbins JC. Ultrasound cystourethrography by perineal scanning for the assessment of female stress urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 1986 Aug;68(2):26972.
47. Grischke EM, Dietz HP, Jeanty P, Schmidt W. [A new study method: the perineal scan in obstetrics and gynecology]. Ultraschall Med. 1986 Aug;7(4):15461.
48. Steensma AB. Ultrasound Imaging of the Pelvic Floor: linking anatomical
findings with clinical symptoms. Rotterdam, Optima Grafische Communicatie, 2009.
49. Hubert J., Bergin D. Imaging the female pelvis: when should MRI be considered?
Appl Radiol 2008; 37:9.
50. Dietz H.P., BeerGabel M et all.. Ultrasound in the investigation of posterior compartment vaginal prolapse and obstructed defecation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 40(1): 1427.
51. BeerGabel M. et all. Dynamic transperineal ultrasound vs. defecography in patients with evacuatory difficulty: a pilot study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2004; 19: 6067.
52. Viscardi A, Ratto C. Dynamic transperineal ultrasound in the workup of men with obstructed defecation: a pilot study. Dis Colon Rectum 2012; 55: 976982.
53. Bellini M, Gambaccini D et all. The “CHRO.CO.DI.T.E.” study: management of chronic constipation in everyday gastroenterological pratice. Poster UEGW. 2015.