< 18.5 18.5−24.9 25−29.9 30−39.9
Conclusioni
L’efficacia dell’attività fisica nella terza età è avvalorata da numerose evidenze scientifiche che sostengono la sua importanza nel contrastare il decadimento fisico, cognitivo e fisiologico tipico di questa età. In generale i dati ottenuti confermano l’effetto positivo dell’attività fisica nel mantenere o migliorare la performance fisica in soggetti adulti-anziani. Analizzando i risultati pervenuti dal questionario SF-36 proposto prima dell’inizio del corso A.F.A. si evince che la disabilità dei soggetti che hanno preso parte allo studio e che quindi si apprestavano ad iniziare il programma di Attività Fisica Adattata, non era così grave da limitarne totalmente l’autonomia in quanto trovavano minime difficoltà nel lavoro o in altre attività quotidiane a causa di problemi emotivi o fisici, avevano una buona salute fisica e ritenevano che essa fosse come quella dei coetanei; esercitavano tutti i tipi di attività, comprese le più impegnative, senza avere particolari difficoltà fisiche o emotive, visto che il dolore percepito non era così forte da limitarne l’esecuzione e che infine il loro stato d’animo era positivo. Per quanto riguarda invece la valutazione funzionale, in relazione ai risultati ottenuti dalla batteria di esercizi Senior Fitness Test, è possibile asserire che tutti i soggetti abbiano risposto positivamente all’allenamento adattato messo in atto negli otto mesi del corso di Attività Fisica Adattata, in quanto forza muscolare, funzione aerobica, flessibilità, equilibrio e destrezza sono migliorati, incrementando la performance fisica generale. Il miglioramento di quest’ultima si è rivelato inoltre maggiore in quei soggetti che inizialmente avevano ottenuto risultati scadenti nella prova iniziale dell’SFT. Tramite la comparazione dei punteggi ottenuti nella prova iniziale e in quella finale si è potuto constatare che tra tutte le componenti fisiche indagate la flessibilità e la funzione aerobica sono state quelle che hanno raggiunto progressi più apprezzabili. L’Attività Fisica Adattata si è rivelata dunque utile nel migliorare le principali componenti di fitness connesse con la capacità funzionale autonoma del soggetto adulto-anziano e in conclusione, attraverso i risultati ottenuti, possiamo affermare che questo tipo di attività costituisca un prezioso strumento volto a migliorare la forma fisica di persone che presentano principalmente condizioni dolorose ricorrenti e/o riduzione delle capacità funzionali, dovute a malattie pregresse, siano esse fisiche o psichiche.
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