In conclusione, il trattamento col succo di bergamotto al 12% v/v mostra di avere due significativi effetti sugli animali alimentati con dieta HFc. Il primo è quello di avere una riduzione del rischio cardiovascolare legato ad un aumento dei valori del colesterolo HDL e ad un effetto antiinfiammatorio a livello miocardico. Questo risultato già riportato in letteratura è principalmente legato ai flavonoidi presenti, in particolare alla sottoclasse dei flavanoni. Lo studio fitochimico, infatti, ha permesso di rilevare la presenza di un elevato numero di flavanoni o-glicosidici, molti dei quali già descritti in letteratura, tra cui Melitidina e Brutieridina che contengono una porzione 3-idrossi-3-metilglutarilica, la quale è stata ipotizzata essere rilevante per gli effetti ipocolesterolemizzanti osservati col Citrus bergamia. Il lavoro fitochimico ha permesso di rilevare due nuovi composti non ancora identificati che presentano comunque la stessa porzione e saranno oggetto in futuro di un’ulteriore indagine. E’ comunque da sottolineare che gli effetti ipocolesterolemizzanti non sono imputati solo a quella porzione, in quanto altri studi hanno dimostrato che Naringina ed Esperidina, flavanoni o-
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glicosilati, sono in grado di produrre effetti positivi sui parametri cardiometabolici (Ashraful Alam et al., 2013).
L’altro risultato interessante osservato con il succo di bergamotto è la capacità di ridurre l’accumulo del grasso viscerale con conseguente impatto sul peso corporeo. Tale risultato può forse essere riconducibile alla classe dei limonoidi, tipicamente presente a livello del succo, la quale, come riportato in letteratura, è responsabile dell’effetto antiobesità, legato agli effetti inibitori sull’accumulo dei lipidi a livello degli adipociti e correlato all’interazione con i recettori TGR5 e PPARγ. Studi futuri saranno improntati sulla valutazione dell’effetto del succo di bergamotto su questi due target.
L’insieme di questi risultati supporta l’ipotesi iniziale che il Citrus bergamia sia da considerare un alimento che conserva il valore nutraceutico dei singoli costituenti e può essere impiegato con successo nel trattamento/prevenzione della sindrome metabolica.
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