SOUTH OAKS GAMBLING SCREEN
7. EVOLUZIONE DELLA LEGISLAZIONE ITALIANA IN MATERIA DI GAP (cenni)
Il primo videopoker è stato creato nel 1970 dall'americana Dale Electronics, si chiamava Poker Machine ed i suoi antenati sono arrivati in Italia alla fine degli anni novanta, ma non davano un premio in denaro bensì in buoni consumazione.
Dunque, fino al 2002 il gioco d'azzardo con premi in denaro era consentito esclusivamente nei 4 casinò italiani statali di Sanremo, Venezia, Campione d'Italia e Saint-Vincent. Nel 2002 con il Testo Unico delle Leggi di Pubblica Sicurezza (TULPS), si approvano i giochi che erogano premi in denaro e quindi il gioco d'azzardo viene legalizzato anche nelle tabaccherie, sale slot, bar, ecc. Tuttavia se ne regolamentano le modalità, comma 7 dell’art. 110 Tulps, con il quale viene stabilito che non è possibile installare più di un apparecchio per ogni dieci metri quadrati di superficie del locale, non possono esservi esercizi pubblici che contengano solo presenza esclusiva di slot-machines e che quest'ultime non possono essere presenti in numero superiore a quello di apparecchi di puro intrattenimento (videogiochi). Nel 2003 il testo viene nuovamente ritoccato, stavolta specificando la durata della partita, compresa tra sette e tredici secondi e, cosa più eclatante, vengono regolamentate le vincite, computate su un ciclo di 14.000 partite con premi in denaro non inferiori al 75% delle somme giocate. Alcune di queste norme vengono riviste tramite decreto direttoriale AAMS del 18 Gennaio 2007, con il quale diventa possibile installare un
macchinario da gioco ogni cinque metri quadrati di superficie del locale, mentre raddoppia il numero consentito delle slot machine rispetto al numero dei videogame presenti. Nel 2009 (il cosiddetto Decreto Abruzzo) allarga ulteriormente l’offerta di giochi, giustificandola come misura di solidarietà destinandone il ricavato alle famiglie terremotate. Questo, potrebbe avere avuto l’effetto di far passare l’idea che il gioco d’azzardo presenta aspetti di utilità sociale, favorendo sempre più lo sviluppo di una “cultura” del gioco d’azzardo. In seguito all’entrata in vigore dell'ulteriore decreto direttoriale AAMS 22 gennaio 2010, introducente la nuova disciplina delle Video Lottery (VLT), viene resa possibile l’installazione esclusiva di macchine slot machine, videopoker e simili, all’interno di locali dedicati e specifici (sale slot).
Il Decreto Balduzzi Legge 13 settembre 2012, n. 158, riporta all'articolo 7 una serie di "Disposizioni in materia di vendita di prodotti del tabacco, misure di prevenzione per contrastare la ludopatia e per l'attivita' sportiva non agonistica" e nello specifico, al comma 4 bis, dispone che "La pubblicita' dei giochi che prevedono vincite in denaro deve riportare in modo chiaramente visibile la percentuale di probabilita' di vincita che il soggetto ha nel singolo gioco pubblicizzato. Qualora la stessa percentuale non sia definibile, e' indicata la percentuale storica per giochi similari." Lo stesso decreto, nell'articolo 5, inserisce la ludopatia nei livelli essenziali di assistenza (LEA), con riferimento alle prestazioni di prevenzione, cura e riabilitazione rivolte alle persone affette da questa patologia, senza peraltro individuare ed affrontare il nodo della spesa. Il 21 marzo 2014 il Ministro della Salute in carica Beatrice Lorenzin afferma che presto saranno individuate le risorse per
curare la ludopatia ed arriverà l’aggiornamento dei LEA. ( "B. Lorenzin -Ministro della Salute-: nei nuovi LEA anche il GAP, ci saranno risorse per curare la dipendenza" www. Giochiesocieta.it).
E' stato redatto il piano d'azione per il GAP 2013-2015 nel quale il ministero della salute ha istituito un Osservatorio nazionale per il fenomeno gambling ed una strategia d'intervento tradotta in un Piano d'Azione Nazionale (PAN) rivolto alla prevenzione delle problematiche connesse al gioco.
Lo scopo del PAN è quello di individuare le misure più idonee per contrastare il gioco patologico, si tratta, in particolare, di creare un Network nazionale di Help Line con aree di operatività regionale, istituite presso strutture pubbliche, con punti di primo ascolto e realizzazione e diffusione di materiali di prevenzione sul gioco patologico, indirizzati alla popolazione con sensibilizzazione in scuole, insegnanti, famiglie/genitori, centri anziani, ed anche attraverso Internet e social network.
Sono previsti inoltre spot tv e radio, su reti locali e reti nazionali e promozione di azioni di comunicazione specifica e di approfondimento specialistico sui rischi connessi al gioco d'azzardo illegale e al contatto con le organizzazioni criminali soprattutto per le persone più vulnerabili.
E' prevista infine, l'attivazione di studi e ricerche sul GAP del tipo: -testing di software, per identificazione di giocatori problematici durante il gioco; -realizzazione di un'unità mobile per laboratorio in vivo, per ricerche comportamentali su slot machine e VLT al fine di ottenere sistemi sempre più efficaci di prevenzione. ("Gioco d'azzardo patologico, piano d'azione nazionale 2013-2015", www.salute.gov.it)
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