Monitoraggio “Tipo 3”
5.4 rePort ambientale
Ai fini della gestione complessiva delle AZA è oppor-tuno che nelle aree di allevamento che condividono lo stesso corpo idrico, tutti gli operatori concordino e applichino pratiche di gestione e codici di condot-ta comuni, volti a minimizzare i rischi ambiencondot-tali e per la salute delle specie allevate e selvatiche. Il report ambientale è a cura del concessionario e riporta periodicamente i risultati delle indagini am-bientali condotte nel PMA sulla colonna d’acqua e sui sedimenti, la conformità degli SQA nell’area in concessione e l’assenza di impatti ambientali rilevanti nell’area circostante il sito di produzione. Le informazioni del report ambientale sono integrate con i risultati dei monitoraggi ufficiali eseguiti dalle AC sulla qualità dell’ambiente marino (es. Direttiva Acque, Strategia Marina).
Il report fornisce inoltre informazioni relative alla gestione dei lotti stoccati e sulle Buone pratiche in uso per ridurre eventuali impatti sull’ambiente e sulla biodiversità, per migliorare le performance ambien-tali, la biosicurezza e l’efficienza energetica. Le informazioni trasmesse nel report ambientale sono con-divise con altri utilizzatori dell’area marina per una gestione responsabile delle attività d’acquacoltura che insistono su una stessa AZA.
Per le produzioni di piscicoltura, il report ambientale restituisce anche informazioni su:
• Quantità di mangime somministrato e indice di conversione (atteso e ottenuto)
• Uso di vaccini e farmaci (tipo di vaccino, numero di trattamenti terapeutici, molecole utilizzate, quantità di mangime medicato)
• Fughe (es. n. episodi, cause, stima numero di individui rilasciati involontariamente)
• Presenza nel sito di allevamento di specie minacciate/protette (mammiferi marini,
tartarughe, uccelli, pesci) e casistica di incidenti letali
Si pone l’attenzione sull' importanza di sviluppare reti informative integrate, in collaborazione con le Amministrazioni, AC, le OPs e le Associazioni, per at-tuare misure efficaci di prevenzione, monitoraggio e controllo dei rischi ambientali e sanitari nelle AZA, anche ai fini dell’elaborazione di strategie di gestione e adattamento su scala locale. La presente propo-sta di Report Ambientale è coerente con l’approccio FAO-World Bank (2017) raccomandato per la gestio-ne delle “aquaculture Management areas (aMas)”. contenuti del report ambientale:
• Programma di Monitoraggio Ambientale: risultati e stato della qualità ambientale del sito
• Eventuali impatti su colonna d’acqua, sedimento e biota
• Misure di mitigazione adottate
• Eventi calamitosi e/o meteo marini estremi (mareggiate, alluvioni, ondate di calore, anossie, blooms algali)
• Trend delle produzioni nel sito di allevamento
• Stato di salute delle popolazioni allevate (frequenza e cause di patologie trasmissibili, mortalità anomale)
• Gestione dei rifiuti
• Utilizzo % energia da fonti rinnovabili (se presente)
• Adozione Buone Pratiche e Sistemi di certificazione (ISO, BIO, EMAS, GAP, ASC, Friend of the Sea, etc.) Strumento di informazione e tracciabilità delle performance ambientali nei siti di produzione, utilizzabile anche per fini di comunicazione e divulgazione delle qualità dei processi e delle produzioni di acquacoltura nelle AZA
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