THE “DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY”: A METHODOLOGY FOR THE KNOWLEDGE OF A COMPLEX ARCHITECTURAL PALIMPSEST

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(622) The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W9, 2019 8th Intl. Workshop 3D-ARCH “3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures”, 6–8 February 2019, Bergamo, Italy. THE “DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY”: A METHODOLOGY FOR THE KNOWLEDGE OF A COMPLEX ARCHITECTURAL PALIMPSEST S. Bortolotto 1, E. Ciocchini 1, A. Garzulino 1, R. Simonelli 1, F. Zangheri 1 1 Lab. TeCMArcH, Dipartimento di Architettura e Studi Urbani (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, (susanna.bortolotto, andrea.garzulino, raffaella.simonelli)@ polimi.it, elisabettaciocchini@libero.it, fabio.zangheri@libero.it. Commission II KEY WORDS: “diagnostic survey”, knowledge, elevation’s stratigraphic readings, historic evolution, geometric survey, Castello Sforzesco of Milan ABSTRACT: A multidisciplinary approach that availing of the use of different techniques, such as topography, three-dimensional laser scans, photogrammetry, archival studies and stratigraphical analysis, can permit to define a whole methodology of analysis useful for the knowledge of complex architectures and for the identification of potential problems related to the static structure of the buildings, as well as the deepening of their evolutionary framework. This outline was so applied for the analysis of the northern portion of the Castello Sforzesco of Milan (Torre Falconiera and Ponticella), where Sala delle Asse is located, allowing the acquisition of a corpus of information. The diagnostic detection operations carried out were therefore conducted with the primary purpose in order to verify the geometries of the buildings and to define an exhaustive framework of the equilibrium and imbalance of the factory. The comparison between the documentary sources and the direct sources has made it possible to correlate the information to identify the construction phases and the subsequent interventions of restoration, rearrangement and to define new possible functions. The corpus of diagnostic-cognitive investigations conducted on the Torre Falconiera and contiguous spaces also allowed us to delineate the state of art in which the structure has come up to date and to highlight its critical points interpreting the phenomenology with awareness. 1. INTRODUCTION As part of the broader project aimed at the cognitive activities for the conservation project of the Sala delle Asse of the Castello Sforzesco in Milan, 1, the purpose of acquiring geometric and photographic information was to produce a database of quantitative and qualitative information (threedimensional geometric and photographic data) connected to the architectural volumes of the Castle’s north corner tower (the Torre Falconiera), the Ponticella and the volumes of the contiguous spaces (Guidi et al., 2009). The geometric documentation produced by laser scanner instrumentation and photogrammetric techniques has been cross-examined for diagnostic purposes through the creation of targeted sections and orthorectified images useful for verifying the most critical points of the structure such as imbalances, contiguity or continuity of crack networks, cause/effect relationships inherent to the nature and types of instabilities. The survey made it possible to obtain internal and external façade elaborations and three-dimensional models useful for mapping and in-depth knowledge of the dynamics of the crack system in both two-dimension and three-dimension. The produced works have also been used as knowledge bases necessary for understanding and unveiling, thanks to stratigraphic analysis, the semantic meaning of the matter of the ancient structure, a real text with “stone compositions”. Hence a particular attention to still new disciplinary perspectives with the deployment of non-invasive tools and 1. Project coordinated by the Centro per i Beni Culturali (directed by prof. Lucia Toniolo) e directed by Comune di Milano (Settore Soprintendenza Castello – Musei Archeologici e Musei Storici del Comune di Milano e Civiche Raccolte Artistiche del Castello, Claudio Salsi).. methodologies of survey and interpretation, more incisive in bringing out things and objects. The great multidisciplinary approach that such research has offered, the large amount of data and the numerous subjects participating have made clear the need to set up a system that allows dialogue between the different operators thus permitting to share information even during the activities (Bertocci and Bini, 2012). Therefore, the knowledge process referred to surveys that were able to give geometrically correct bases of the plans, the elevations and the sections in order to tell a long-lasting history (synchronic and diachronic) regarding the objective threedimensionality of the actual state of the surviving architecture as a summation of overlaps, juxtapositions, but also of demolitions or substitutions in space and time. A metric survey increasingly improved in order to be able to read, in a diagnostic and semantic key, geometrical and constructive anomalies, but also discontinuities, similarities, reconsideration, dialectics of sequences and overlapping of the several stratigraphic activities that make these explicit through temporal and spatial relationships. The accurate surveys, together with rigorous and autonomous documentary researches and the analysis of material and direct sources, were cognitive contributions aimed at understanding the architectural text through the complex of historicalconstructive notions and the identification of the equilibrium/imbalance conditions of the structure itself. These investigations made it possible to identify the relative chronologies of the built elements by recording the technical knowledge, the use and processing of the materials, but also the deterioration and instability. As a text, the artifact has thus become a source of analyticalinterpretive exercises and the understanding of the materia. This contribution has been peer-reviewed. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W9-157-2019 | © Authors 2019. CC BY 4.0 License.. 157.