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Water in Soil

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Water in Soil

Learning objectives

•  Be able to quantify the properties of water held in and flowing through soil (porosity, moisture content, pressure, suction,

hydraulic conductivity) References

•  Rainfall-Runoff Processes workbook chapter 4

•  Dingman Chapter 6

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Figure 22. Illustrative grain-size distribution curves. The boundaries

between size classes designated as clay, silt, sand and gravel are shown as

vertical lines.

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Soil texture triangle, showing the textural terms applied to soils with various fractions of sand, silt and clay. (from Dingman,

2002)

B A

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Experimental apparatus for the illustration of Darcy's equation. (From Freeze and Cherry) 1

2

! 1

! 2

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(from Freeze and Cherry, 1979)

Negative Pressure Head. Suction vs Moisture content

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Illustration of capillary rise due to surface tension and relationship between pore size distribution and soil water retention curve.

Moisture Content "

S uc ti on he ad -| ! |

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From Brutsaert, 2005

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From Brutsaert, 2005

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Variation of soil suction head, |!|, and hydraulic conductivity,

K, with moisture content. (from Chow et al, 1988)

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Clapp and Hornberger (1978) parameters for Soil Moisture Characteristic functions based on analysis of 1845 soils. Values in parentheses are standard

deviations.

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Soil suction head, |!|, for different soil textures using

the Clapp and Hornberger (1978) parameterization.

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Hydraulic conductivity K(") for different soil textures using the

Clapp and Hornberger (1978) parameterization.

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Soil-water status as a function of pressure (tension). Natural soils do not have tensions exceeding about -31000 cm; in this range

water is absorbed from the air. [from Dingman, 1994]

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Residual moisture

content "

r

=5%

Characteristic curve relating moisture content to

pressure head (from Freeze and Cherry, 1979).

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Ranges of

porosities, field capacities, and

permanent wilting points for soils of various textures.

(from Dunne and

Leopold, 1978)

Riferimenti

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