Neuroanatomical Atlas 6

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Neuroanatomical Atlas

Feroze B. Mohamed and Scott H. Faro

In this chapter we have displayed several important areas of normal- functioning adult brain images generated using fMRI BOLD imaging.

The fMRI shown here highlight areas of brain activation arising from simple motor tasks, visual functions, auditory and complex language, and listening paradigms. A somatotopic fMRI mapping of the human motor cortex was created for the foot, knee, trunk, shoulder, wrist, hand, face, tongue, and abdomen. The fMRI experiments in these conditions were carried out by simple box-car type block design experiments. These included a rest condition where no activity was performed, followed by an activation period where the subject was asked to perform a speciﬁc task. The representation of visual function, as well as language and auditory areas, were also obtained using a block design.

These pictures represent some of the most important and commonly studied areas of the brain and might serve as a reference or template for users of fMRI for brain mapping. The images shown here are rep- resented in radiological co-ordinates and are presented in three differ- ent orientations (axial, coronal, and sagittal). The blue cross hair represents the area of interest, and the region was labeled based on the Talaraich atlas. The color map overlying the images are statistical maps and the graded change in color from yellow to orange represent varying statistical value from low to high statistical signiﬁcance. A com- posite display showing the motor homunculus with corresponding fMRI activation maps is shown at the end of the chapter. The post- processing of the fMRI data was performed with SPM’99 software (Statistical Parametric Mapping, Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, University College of London) running under the Matlab (The Mathworks, Inc.) environment. A Pentium-based PC was used to generate all the images shown in this section.

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Somatotopic mapping in the human somatosensory motor cortex along with corresponding functional MRI activation patterns.