A
Actinomycin, 619
ADCA. See Adenocarcinoma ADCC. See Antibody-
dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Adenocarcinoma (ADCA) mesothelioma mimicking of,
572
MPM distinguished from, 191–192
mucin demonstration and, 572
Adenomatoid tumor (AT), 472–473, 563–565 mesothelial origin of mesothelioma distinguished
from, 565 Adriamycin, 701
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 642–643 AIDS, 570
AJCC. See American Joint Committee on Cancer Alimta/cisplatin, 719
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), 403 MPM staging by, 403–408 staging groupings for, 408,
409
staging system of, 413 Amosite, 11–12, 14–17, 212 Amphibole, 22, 28, 62–63, 209,
211–212, 217, 219, 268 asbestiform distinction from
nonasbestiform, 212 exposure, 268, 271, 272
hypothesis, 217
mesothelioma and, 22, 278, 279, 374
toxicity, 219 Angiogenesis
cytokines and, 426 GFs of, 141–142 HGF in, 119
mesothelioma and, 141–148 MM induction and, 93, 94 MM therapeutic tools and,
145–148 VEGF, 118 Angiosarcoma
epithelioid, 535, 568, 569 MM differentiated from,
533–536
prognosis of epithelioid, 568
pseudomesotheliomatous, 535–536
Antibodies. See also Antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity
immunoreactivity found with Pab, 323, 324 microarray, 199–200 MM exclusion, 496 Pab, 320–321, 323, 324 SV40 detection fixation and,
324–326 Tag, 320–321 tag, 320–321
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), 799 Apoptosis
induction, 788–790
mesothelioma gene defects mediating, 132–133 p53-dependent, 43–44 SV40 and, 43–44, 44 Tag promoted, 43–44 ARDS. See Adult respiratory
distress syndrome Asbestos, 3. See also Amosite;
Amphibole; Asbestos exposure; Chrysotile;
Crocidolite; Tremolite abatement of building,
828–829
airborne levels of, 259–260 alternatives, 214
bioreactivity, 23–25 carcinogenicity, 23, 68–69,
108
clinical features of
mesothelioma induced by, 356
crocidolite, 10–11, 14, 212, 275
cytogenetic changes by fibers of, 25
DNA damage generated by, 230
enzyme overexpression and, 24–25
epidemiology of
mesothelioma induced by, 21–23
erionite combined with, 247 extracellular matrix and, 27 fiber chemistry and, 218–219 fiber length of, 23, 24 fibers, 21, 22, 23, 271
Index
833
Asbestos (cont.) fibrils, 210
genetic traits and sensitivity to, 25
hazardous, 218–220 health effects and
mineralogy of, 209–220 histopathologic evaluation
of, 263–264
identification of, 212–213, 220 immunity and, 152–153 inhalation of, 67–68, 76 insulation, 214–215, 698 intraperitoneal
administration of, 65, 66–67
intrapleural injection of, 63–64
lung tissue, measuring, 372 materials, 213–214
mesothelial cell transformation by, 89 mesothelioma and, 6, 21–28,
246, 268, 373
mesothelioma and types of, 274
mesothelioma immunity and, 152–153
mesothelioma induced by, 6, 21–28, 72–73, 373
mineralogy, 209–212, 209–220
mineral oil as co- carcinogenic with, 282 MM and, 159, 246 nonmalignant diseases-
related to, 228 pleural lesions, benign
induced by, 460–461 quartz combined with,
72–73
regulations, 21, 699 RNS formation and, 156 ROS/RNS and bioreactivity
of, 23–25
rutile combined with, mesothelioma induction with, 72–73
size, 13, 23 susceptibility to
carcinogenicity of, 108 SV40 and, 51, 135 tissue analysis for, 372 toxicity, 285, 374–375
tumorgenicity and colony formation induced by, 89, 90
types, 271, 274 usage, 21, 214
Asbestos exposure, 214–215, 231
abnormal, 259 asbestosis and, 263 assessing, 350
atelectasis, rounded and, 263 BAL examinations of, 264 cancer and, 8
case-control studies of mesothelioma and, 268–271
clinical history of, 259–264 clinical markers of, 261–263 determination of, 259–264 DNA alterations and, 231 domestic, 270
duration/era of work and occupational, 375–376 duration intensity of, 271,
274
environmental, 11, 141 family, 12, 141, 260, 350 health hazards of, 215–216 histopathologic evaluation
of, 263–264
historical background of mesothelioma and, 267–268
insulation manufacturing, 275
legally permissible levels of, 220, 260, 375
lung retention and cumulative, 282–283 mesothelial proliferations
and, 478
mesothelioma and, 8–11, 91, 267–287, 469–478, 697–698, 723–724, 821
mesothelioma and latency of, 393
mesothelioma and types of, 274
mesothelioma, benign and, 469–478
mining, 271
MN alterations and, 231 mortality studies and,
271–275
neighborhood, 12 New England, 698–700 NK cell function and, 153,
154
occupational, 11, 12, 141, 214, 260–261, 269–270, 271–275, 350, 375–376
paraoccupational, 261 pathology of, 259–264 peritoneal mesothelioma
and, 723–724
pleural fibrosis, diffuse and, 263
pleural mesothelioma and, 91
PP and, 261–263, 476, 581 radiologic markers of,
261–263
risk and occupational, 269–270, 271–275 shipyard worker, 16–17,
698–699, 701
smoking combined with, 270 solitary fibrous tumors and,
583 SS and, 545 standards, 12–13 textile industry, 271 TGF-b immunomodulatory
effects and, 158 tissue digests for, 264 Asbestosis, 7–9, 215, 263, 267 Asbestos litigation, 377, 553
case volume for, 824–826 corporate bankruptcies and,
822
damage measurements in, 824
economic value of, 822 history, 822–823
industries created by, 829 industries destroyed by, 830 insurance and, 823
judicial management techniques in, 826–827 medical expert witnesses in,
827–828
new wave of, 831–836 punitive damages in, 828 transaction costs for, 826 Ascites, 743–745
laparoscopy for, 463
peritoneal mesothelioma, 733 AT. See Adenomatoid tumor
Atelectasis
CT depiction of, 442, 445 rounded, 263
B
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), 804
BAL. See Bronchoalveolar lavage
Basement membrane, 167–168 laminin in, 171
mesothelioma, 166–177 MM synthesis of, 169–170 Basic fibroblast growth factor
(bFGF), 118
BCG. See Bacillus Calmette- Guérin
Benign cystic mesothelioma.
See Peritoneal multicystic mesothelioma
Best supportive care (BSC), 594
bFGF. See Basic fibroblast growth factor Bioinformatics, 200–201 Biomarkers, 227–235
cancer, 193 diagnosis, 231–235 DNA repair, 229–230 exposure, 231–235 GF, 234–235
mesothelioma, 227–235 metabolic susceptibility,
228–229
oncogene, 233–234 prognosis, 231–235 proteomics and cancer, 193 susceptibility, 227–230 TSGs as, 232–233 BKV. See BK virus BK virus (BKV), 330
cancers-caused by, 50 SV40 distinguished from,
336
Black spots, parietal, 460–461 Bleomycin, 643–644
Brachytherapy, 618
EBRT, surgery and, 679–680 surgery and, 621, 679–680 Brigham and Women’s
Hospital (BWH)
intraoperative expertise in, 703–706
mortality rates at, 707
MPM multimodality treatment plan
development in, 696–720 multidisciplinary expertise
in, 702–713
postoperative care in, 706–707 staging system, 708–709,
712–713
surgery staff, 702–703 Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
analysis, 372 asbestos exposure
examinations with, 264 examinations, 264
BSC. See Best supportive care Butchart staging system, 712 BWH. See Brigham and
Women’s Hospital
C
Cadherins, 500–501, 502, 504 epithelial, 500
MM and profile of, 501 neural, 500–501 placental, 500 CALGB. See Cancer and
Leukemia Group B prognostic scoring systems Calretinin, 498–499
SS expression of, 569 SS/MM differentiation with,
549 Cancer
age correlation with, 300 asbestos exposure and, 8,
215, 281–282 biomarkers for, 193 BKV caused, 49 causes, 242 endothelial, 4
G1 to S checkpoint control loss and, 125–126 gene silencing in, 133 genetic abnormalities, genetic
in, 125
immune response to, 155 incidence, 300–304 lung, 281–282
p53 mutations and, 233 polio vaccines contaminated
with SV40 and risk of, 295–296
proteomics and biomarkers for, 193
SV40 and, 40, 47, 295–296 SV40 causal role in, 34–35, 345 testicular, 296
Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) prognostic scoring systems, 419–421, 427
multivariate analysis, 421 prognosis factors, poor and,
420
univariate analysis, 420 validation of, 423–424 Cancer research
genomics in, 186–192 proteomics in, 192–193 Capillary electrophoresis (CE),
195–196 Cappadocia, Turkey
erionite exposure in, 244 geologic studies in, 246 medical studies in, 246 mesothelioma incidence in,
243–244, 246, 364–366 regional history of, 244 Carboplatin, 597, 710
gemcitabine and, 599–600, 658
pemetrexed, 719
pericardial mesothelioma chemotherapy with, 758 second-line chemotherapy,
608–609
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 493
Carcinogenesis, 1–94 asbestos, 68–69 erionite, 250 fiber length and, 66 mesothelioma, in vivo
models for, 60–78
pathogenetic mechanisms of, 60
silica, 68–69 Carcinomas
histology of peripheral lung, 566–567
IHC and epithelial MM v.
metastatic, 493–501 metastatic, 493–501 peripheral lung, 565–566 pseudomesotheliomatous,
567
CDKI. See Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
cDNA. See Complementary DNA
CE. See Capillary electrophoresis
CEA. See Carcinoembryonic antigen
Cell aggregates
cell-in-cell patterns in, 483–484
collagen core, 482–483 Cellular junctions, 510, 512 CFP. See Chronic fibrous
pleurisy
CGH. See Comparative genomic hybridization Chemoimmunotherapy,
810–811 Chemoperfusion,
hyperthermic. See also Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion NCI, 737
surgery, postoperative chemotherapy and, 732–752
WCI, 737
Chemotherapy. See also Chemoimmunotherapy adjuvant, 710
Adriamycin, 701 antifolate-based, 718–719 carboplatin second-line,
608–609
cisplatin for intracavitary, 648, 649
cisplatin for intrapleural, 632, 634
cisplatin, survival and, 610–611
clinical response to preoperative, 659 combination, 596, 599–600 cytarabine for intrapleural,
632
delivery of heated, 734 EBRT, EPP and, 680–681 efficacy and second-line, 614 EPP and, 680–681
EPP and heated, 715
EPP mortality and induction, 659, 663–664
first-line, 593–601 future directions for
intrapleural, 636
future directions for second- line, 613
hyperthermia and, 648–649, 713–718, 734
hyperthermic intraperitoneal, 724–725, 727
hyperthermic intrapleural, 634
impact, 594–597
induction, 657, 659, 663–664, 665
intracavitary, 648–649, 649, 713–714, 724
intraoperative, 736
intraperitoneal, 714, 725–726, 727
intrapleural, 631–636 liposome-entrapped
platinum derivative in intrapleural, 634–636 mesothelioma, radiation-
induced, 357
mesothelioma symptoms and, 595–596
MM and second-line, 611–612
morbidity of induction, 659 MPM adjuvant, 710 MPM first-line, 593–601 MPM intrapleural, 631–636 NCI intraoperative, 736 normothermic
intraperitoneal, 727 pericardial mesothelioma,
758
peritoneal mesothelioma intracavitary, 724 peritoneal mesothelioma
intraperitoneal, 725–726 postoperative, 732–752, 737 preoperative, 657–665, 658 quality of life and, 596 radiographic response to, 597 radiologic response to
preoperative, 659
radiotherapy, intraoperative followed by, 622
responses to second-line, 608–609
RT, definitive and, 619–620 second-line, 607–614 single-agent, 597–599 surgery and preoperative,
657–665
surgery, hyperthermic chemoperfusion and postoperative, 732–752 surgical debulking and
intrapleural, 632–634 survival, 594, 595, 613 systemic, 593–594 CHPP. See Continuous
hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion
Chromosome 15q15, 107 Chromosome 4, 105 Chromosome 14q, 106–107 Chromosome 9p21, 106
mesothelioma and loss of, 127
mesothelioma molecular defects and, 128 Chromosome 1p22, 103–104 Chromosome 17p13, 107 Chromosome 6q14–25,
105–106
Chromosome 13q13.3–14.2, 106–107
Chromosome 3p21, 105 Chromosome 22, 107–108 Chronic fibrous pleurisy (CFP),
476–477
Chrysotile, 11–12, 14–17, 210 biopersistence, 286 carcinogenicity, 272, 285 erionite compared to, 249 exposure, 271, 272 fibers, 215
mesothelioma risk and, 217, 374
pathogenesis, 219
pleural mesothelioma caused by, 217
toxicity, 219
tremolite and, 281–282 usage, 214
Cisplatin, 402, 594, 595, 613, 674, 710, 715, 724, 734, 737, 742–743. See also
Mitomycin, vinblastine, cisplatin
alimta, 719
chemoimmunotherapy with, 811
chemotherapy and survival with, 610–611
chemotherapy, intrapleural and, 632, 634
chemotherapy, intrapleural hyperthermic and, 634 CHPP, 745
cytotoxicity, 737
gemcitabine and, 599–600, 609, 658, 665, 727, 770 intracavitary chemotherapy,
648, 649
intraperitoneal, 714, 725, 726 MTD of, 736, 750
MTD of heated, 717 pemetrexed, 596, 597–599,
598, 600, 601, 612, 614, 658, 718–719
pericardial mesothelioma chemotherapy with, 758 raltitrexed, 718–719 toxicity, 750, 751 VEGF inhibitor and
gemcitabine, 770
Cisplatin/methotrexate/vinbla stine (PMV), 658
Cisplatinum, 701
Clinical presentation, 367–427 pericardial mesothelioma,
380–388
peritoneal mesothelioma, 391–399
peritoneal mesothelioma, multicystic, 518 pleural mesothelioma,
380–388, 382–383 SS, 568
Clinical target volume (CTV), 683–684
Coliseum technique, 740–741 Collagens, 168–170
mesothelioma, 169
microvilli and, 510, 511, 512 MM, 169
Columbia University Mesothelioma Center patients for mesothelioma
studies at, 726–727 peritoneal mesothelioma
studies at, 723–730 survival curve for studies at,
729
treatment for mesothelioma studies at, 726–727 Combined therapy, 734–737
advantages/disadvantages of, 737–738
complications, 750
morbidity/mortality of, 750–752
peritoneal mesothelioma, 752
scoring systems for, 735–736 Comparative genomic
hybridization (CGH), 102–103, 108–109, 187 Complementary DNA (cDNA),
108
Computational methods, 200–201
Computed tomography (CT), 408–409, 433–442
atelectasis depicted on, 442, 445
biopsy guided by, 442 focal pleural masses
observed on, 435, 436–437 ipsilateral volume loss on,
437–438
laparoscopy and findings of, 412
malignancy indicators on, 439–441
mesothelioma
characterization on, 435, 436, 443, 446
mesothelioma differentiated from pleural disease by, 442, 445–447
mesothelioma invasive staging with, 413 MRI and, 408–409, 410 MRI v., 409, 410, 443–447 multidetector row, scanners,
444
pleural effusions on, 435, 436, 443, 446
postsurgery, 434, 435 rib crowding on, 437, 438 shortcomings of, 435–436 survival predicted by, 409 tumor measurement
protocols and, 450 volume extent of disease
and, 437
Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP), 732 ascites, 743–745 cisplatin, 745
coliseum technique for, 740–741
cytoreductive surgery and, 732
NCI results for trials of, 742–746
survival, 743, 744 technique, 738–741 WCI, 740–741
Corynebacterium parvum (CP), 643–644
Counseling, clinical, 373 COX. See Cyclooxygenase CP. See Corynebacterium
parvum
Crocidolite, 10–11, 14, 212 erionite compared to, 249 exposure, 275
mesothelioma and, 10–11, 16, 375
occupational exposures to, 278
CT. See Computed tomography CTL. See Cytotoxic T
lymphocytes
CTV. See Clinical target volume Cyclin-dependent kinase
inhibitors (CDKIs), 126 abnormalities in
mesothelioma, 128–129 mesothelioma and, 125–129 9p21 locus function loss in,
125–128 p27, 425
Cyclooxygenase (COX), 424–425 Cyclophosphamide, 701, 710
pericardial mesothelioma chemotherapy with, 758 RT plus, 619
Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, actinomycin, 619
Cystic lymphangioma, 519–520 Cytarabine, 632, 633, 648, 649 Cytokeratin, 5
immunoreactivity, 529 sarcoma, synovial expression
of, 531–533
sarcomatoid mesothelioma distinguished from sarcomas by, 528–529 solitary fibrous tumor
expression of, 538 Cytokines
angiogenic, 426 gene therapy, 808 therapy, 805–807
Cytoreduction, 727, 734–736 Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
(CTL), 155
D
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), 696, 701
Deciduoid mesothelioma, 520–521
clinical features of, 520–521 florid decidual reactions
confused with, 573–574 pathology, 521
Decortication, 625
diaphragmatic plication in, 691
MPM, 689–691 Desmoplastic malignant
mesotheliomas (DMMs), 476, 521–524, 560 clinical features of, 522 histology, 522
keratin expression in, 523, 524
malignancy markers in, 523 pathology, 522–524
Desmoplastic mesothelioma pleuritis, fibrous
differentiated from, 560–561
sclerosing mediastinitis mimicked by, 572
DFCI. See Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
DMM. See Desmoplastic malignant mesotheliomas DNA damage
asbestos generated, 230 MM and, 230
RT caused, 616 SV40 generated, 230 DNA extraction, 318
efficacy improvement for, 343 fresh/frozen tissue, 346 methods, 332–335 paraffin-embedded tissue,
346
reliability of, 332 standardized, 343–345 DNA microarrays, 189–190 Doege-Potter syndrome, 583 Dosimetry, 669–670
Doxorubicin, 597, 598, 609, 612, 710, 715, 724, 734
combination chemotherapy with, 596, 599
gemcitabine and, 613 intraoperative, 736 intraperitoneal, 725, 726 pericardial mesothelioma
chemotherapy with, 758 RT plus, 619–620
Doxycycline, 643–644
E
EBRT. See External beam radiation therapy ECM. See Extracellular matrix EGF. See Epidermal growth
factor Elastin, 172
Electron irradiation, 693 Electron microscopy, 508–515
mixed mesothelioma, 513–514
sarcomatoid mesothelioma, 513
SS/MM differentiation with, 550, 551
technical considerations for, 514–515
viral pathogenesis and, 515 Empyema, 652
Endoscopic imaging, 454–464 aspecific pattern, 458 fibrohyaline plaques in,
458–459
laparoscopic, 454, 462–464 mesothelioma differentiated
from neoplastic metastases by, 458
multinodular, 458
neoplasia identified by, 458, 459–460
pachypleuritic, 458 staging with, 461–462 thoroscopic, 454–462 Endoscopy, 431–464 EORTC. See European
Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer prognostic scoring system Epidermal growth factor (EGF),
112–116 MM and, 234–235 roles of, 113
target therapies with receptor pathway of, 766–767
Epirubicin, 421 Epithelial
hemangioendothelioma, 533–536
angiosarcoma, epithelioid differentiated from, 534–535
histology, 534–535 prognosis, 534–535 Epithelial-mesenchymal
transition, 88–89 Epithelial mesothelioma,
508–512
adenomatoid patterned mesothelial proliferations of benign, 470–472 benign, 470–475
cellularity gradient of, 555, 558
cystic/microcystic patterned mesothelial proliferations of benign, 473–474 malignancy criterions for,
555–556, 559
mesothelial hyperplasia differentiated from, 555–559
papillary patterned
mesothelial proliferations of benign, 470–472 solid/nodular patterned
mesothelial proliferations of benign, 474–475 EPP. See Extrapleural
pneumonectomy Erionite, 364
asbestos combined with, 247
Cappadocia, Turkey exposure to, 244 carcinogenesis, 250 crocidolite/chrysotile
compared to, 249 fibrous, 276
genetic predisposition to carcinogenesis by, 250 inhalation of, 68
mesothelioma and, 62–63, 64, 246–248, 276, 364–366 mineralogy, 245 MM and, 242–252 morphology, 245 MPM and, 246–248 MPM induced by, 252
pleural mesothelioma and inhalation of, 68 series, 245
Turkey and, 250–251 as zeolite, 244 Erionite-Ca, 245, 252 Erionite-K, 245, 252 Erionite-Na, 245, 252
ERK. See Extracellular signal- regulated kinase
Erlotinib, 178 Etoposide, 421
European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)
prognostic scoring system, 421, 427
multivariate analysis, 422–423
prognosis factors, poor and, 422
prognostic score groups in, 422–423
validation, 423–424
Exponential enrichment SAGE (SELEX-SAGE), 189 External beam radiation
therapy (EBRT), 679–680 brachytherapy, surgery and,
679–680
EPP and high-dose, 681–683 EPP, chemotherapy and,
680–681
IORT followed by, 680 toxicity, 679
Extracellular matrix (ECM), 166–167
basement membrane composition and, 167–168 composition, 167–168 elastin in, 172
mesothelioma and, 166–178 MM and, 169
proteoglycan, 173 stroma composition and,
167–168
tumor development and, 167
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), 112–113 Extrapleural pneumonectomy
(EPP), 621–622, 665 advanced disease precluding,
709–710
chemotherapy and, 680–681 chemotherapy, heated and,
715
chemotherapy, induction and mortality of, 659, 663–664 diaphragm dissection during,
704, 716
diaphragm reconstruction and, 687–690, 704 dissection in, 686, 687, 688,
703, 704, 705 EBRT and, 681–683 EBRT, chemotherapy and,
680–681
en bloc resection in, 684, 686 hilar transection in, 687, 688 IMRT and, 683–684
mortality following, 707 MPM, 632–633, 684–689 patch rupture after, 706 pericardium dissection
during, 704, 705
pericardium reconstruction in, 687–690, 704
pneumonectomy, radical v., 702, 717
radiation, hemithoracic following, 692
surgical candidates for, 708 surgical debulking and,
667–668
survival, 697, 708, 709, 711–712
F
FGF. See Fibroblast growth factors
Fiber carcinogenicity, 3 Fibroblast growth factors
(FGF), 118 Fibronectin, 170–171
5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 734, 737, 742, 743, 745
5-FU. See 5-fluorouracil Folate antagonists, 718–719 Formalin, 324–325
Foscan, 668–669 Fumagillin, 146
G
GAG. See Glycosaminoglycans Ganciclovir (GCV), 781–785 Ganciclovir-monophosphate
(GCV-MP), 781
Ganciclovir-triphosphate (GCV- TP), 781
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), 528
GCV. See Ganciclovir GCV-MP. See Ganciclovir-
monophosphate GCV-TP. See Ganciclovir-
triphosphate Gefitinib, 178
Gemcitabine, 402, 595, 612, 724 carboplatin and, 599–600, 658 chemoimmunotherapy and,
811
cisplatin and, 599–600, 609, 658, 665, 727, 770 doxorubicin and, 613 pericardial mesothelioma
chemotherapy with, 758 VEGF inhibitor and cisplatin,
770
Gene ratio test, 719–720 Gene therapy
cytokine, 780, 786–787, 808 immunomodulatory, 807–808 interferon, 779, 788
mesothelioma cytokine, 780, 786–787
MPM, 778–792 p53, 780, 789–790 principles, 778–779 suicide, 779–785, 810 tumor vaccine with suicide,
810
vectors, 778–779
Gene vaccines, suicide, 785–786 Genomics, 186–202. See also
Comparative genomic hybridization; Restriction landmark genome
scanning; Serial analysis of gene expression
cancer research, 186–192 future of mesothelioma,
201–202
GIST. See Gastrointestinal stromal tumors Glycoprotein 90K, 426 Glycosaminoglycans (GAG),
172–173 Growth factors (GF)
angiogenic, 141–142 as biomarkers, 234–235 epidermal, 112–116
Growth factors (GF) (cont.) fibroblast, 118
hepatocyte, 112, 118–119 human, 113–114 insulin-like, 117 integrin crosstalk with,
174–176 keratinocyte, 112
mesothelioma and role of, 77
MM and, 26–27, 112–120 MMC, 112, 113
MM target therapies with, 765–766
platelet-derived, 112 TNF-a, 112
vascular endothelial, 117–118, 142–143
H
HA. See Hyaluronic acid HAS. See Hyaluronic acid
synthesis
Hemangioendothelioma, 535–536
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF), 112, 118–119 angiogenesis, 119 MMC expression of, 119 SV40 and, 119, 120, 771 target therapies with
signaling pathway of, 770–771
Herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase (HSVtk) GCV gene therapy with,
781–785 mutants, 785
suicide gene therapy with, 781
HGF. See Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor HM. See Human mesothelioma HMC. See Human
mesothelioma cells Hodgkin’s lymphoma. See also
non-Hodgkins lymphoma chromosome loss and, 106 mesothelioma and, 353, 359 RT, 353
Horner’s syndrome, 383 HPV. See Oncogenic human
papillomavirus
HSVtk. See Herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase Human Genome Project,
186–187
Human mesothelioma (HM), 48–49
Human mesothelioma cells (HMC)
growth factors expressed by, 112–113
TNF-a in, 114–115 Hyaluronic acid (HA), 172
mesothelioma and, 486, 487 MM and, 172–173
Hyaluronic acid synthesis (HAS), 173
Hyperthermia. See also Chemoperfusion,
hyperthermic; Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion
chemotherapy and, 648–649, 713–718
chemotherapy, intraperitoneal and, 724–725, 727
chemotherapy, intrapleural and, 634
I
ICAT. See Isotope-coded affinity tags
IGF. See Insulin-like growth factors
IHC. See
Immunohistochemistry Imaging modalities, 433–448
CT, 435–442 endoscopic, 454–464 MRI, 442–447 PET, 447–448 radiography, 433–434 tumor measurement, 448–451 Imatinib, 178, 613, 768–769 Immune response
adaptive, 799–800 ADCC and, 799 antitumor, 800–801 asbestos, 152–153 cancer, 155
innate, 151–152, 799 mesothelioma, 151–152, 158 NK cells and antitumor, 152,
799
tumor, 798–801 vaccines and, 808–809 Immunohistochemistry (IHC),
490–505
drawbacks, 490–491 metastatic carcinoma v.
epithelial MM and, 493–501
MM and, 490, 491, 548–550 MM v. benign mesothelioma
and, 504–505
sarcomatoid mesothelioma and , v. spindle cell malignancies, 501–504 SS and, 548–550 SV40 demonstrated by,
319–326
Immunomodular therapy, 725 Immunotherapy, 650–652.
See also
Chemoimmunotherapy BCG, 804
genetic, 787–788 interferons, 651–652 interleukin, 651 LAK, 804–805
mesothelioma genetic, 787–788
MM, 801–811 NK, 804–805
SV40 and antigen-specific, 791
vaccination strategies and, 798–812
IMRT. See Intensity modulated radiation therapy
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF), 117
Integrins, 173–176
GF crosstalk with, 174–176 meosthelial/MM cell
expression of, 174, 175 Intensity modulated radiation
therapy (IMRT), 617 advantage of, 617–618 EPP and, 683–684 Intensity modulated
radiotherapy (IMRT), 623, 683
Interferons, 651–652, 674 chemotherapy and, 811 gene therapy with, 779, 788 mesothelioma gene therapy
with, 779, 788
therapy, 779, 788, 805–806 Interleukins, 651, 806–807 Intermediate filaments, 509, 510 International Mesothelioma
Staging Classification, 447 International Union Against
Cancer. See Union International Contre le Cancer
Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), 680
IORT. See Intraoperative radiotherapy
Ipsilateral volume loss, 437–438 Isotope-coded affinity tags
(ICAT), 199
J
Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), 49, 293–294, 330, 336
JCV. See Jamestown Canyon virus
K
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), 112
KGF. See Keratinocyte growth factor
L
Laminin, 171
Laparoscopy, 412, 462–464 ascites and, 463 CT findings and, 412 diagnostic value of, 463–465 instrumentation, 462–463 invasive, minimally, 463 pleural mesothelioma
evaluation and, 464 surgical, 462
technique, 462–463
Large-tumor antigen (Tag), 36 antibodies, 320–321 apoptosis, p53-dependent
promoted by, 43–44 cellular protein interacting
with, 42
CTL-specific SV40, 155 detecting, 319, 342
DNA synthesis induced by SV40, 144, 145
mesothelioma and SV40 expression of, 133–134
multifunctions of, 42 p53 inactivation and SV40,
131, 132 role of, 42–43 SV40, 39–40, 117–118,
131–134, 144, 145, 155, 309–310, 319–320 viral, 319–320 Lesions
asbestos-induced, benign pleural, 460–461 isolated presentation of,
456–458
parietal black spot, 460–461 pleural, 460–461
LFT. See Localized fibrous tumor of the pleura Limpet, 16
Lipomas, 590
Liposome-entrapped platinum derivative, 634–636 Localized fibrous tumor (LFT)
of the pleura, 477, 478 LOH. See Loss of
heterozygosity
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH), 103, 104
Lung burden analyses, 277–278, 279, 280
Lymphadenectomy, pelvic, 760 Lymphohistiocytoid
mesothelioma, 524, 572 Lymphokine-activated NK
(LAK) cells, 804–805 Lymphomas. See also
Hodgkin’s lymphoma;
non-Hodgkins lymphoma AIDS and pleural effusion,
570
lymphohistiocytoid mesothelioma confused with, 572
MM differential diagnosis and, 570–571
pleural effusion, 570–571 pyothorax-associated,
570–571 Lysis, cell
SV40 and, 38, 39–40 SV40-mediated, 48
M
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 408, 410, 442–447
CT and, 408–409, 410 CT v., 409, 410, 443–447 mesothelioma differentiated
from pleural disease by, 445–447
mesothelioma differentiated from pleural fluid on, 444, 446
multiplaner aspects of, 443–444
tumor spread indicated on, 444, 445
Malignant melanoma, 569–570 Malignant mesothelioma (MM),
22–23, 26, 216. See also Desmoplastic malignant mesotheliomas; Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma;
Malignant pleural mesothelioma age and outcome of, 419 allelic loss in, 105–106 angiogenesis induction and,
93, 94
angiogenic agents as therapeutic tools for, 145–148
angiogenic GFs and pathogenesis of, 142 angiosarcoma differentiated
from, 533–536
antibodies for exclusion of, 496
asbestos exposure and, 159, 246, 699, 700
basement membrane synthesis by, 169–170 biphasic, 545–547 cadherin profile in, 501 CALGB factors and outcome
of, 420
calretinin expressed by, 549 calretinin staining for,
498–499
carcinogen exposure and, 124 carcinoma markers for,
493–496
cDNA mutations in cell lines of, 108
CEA as marker for, 493–495 cell groups of, 481–482 cell lines, 92–94
cell proliferation of, 146, 147 cell size in, 484–485
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) (cont.)
characteristics shared by, 91–92
chemotherapy, second-line in, 608, 611–612
chromosomal changes of, 101 chromosome 15q15 losses in,
107
chromosome 22 loss and, 107 chromosome losses in, 102,
187
clinical decisions for, 370–371 clinicians’ roles in, 369, 370 collagen in, 169
cytogenetics, 101–109 cytology, 481–487
“death triangle” of, 249 diagnosis, 371, 416–417, 527,
570–571
diagnostic approaches to, 369–370
diagnostic pitfalls for, 555–575
DNA damage and, 230 DNA synthesis of, 146 ECM and, 169
economic implications, 819–831
EGF and, 234–235
EGF receptor pathway target therapies for, 766–767 electron microscopy and,
508, 550, 551
empyema mimicked, 652 EORTC factors and outcome
of, 422
epidemiology, 207–366 epithelial, 493–501 erionite and, 242–252 etiology, 226, 369 familial factors for
developing, 375 fatality, 142
FGF and survival of, 118 fibronectin and, 170–171 fumagillin-induced DNA
synthesis of, 146 genetic defects and
development of, 229 genetic hallmarks of, 233 genomic imbalances in,
102–103, 104
growth factors and, 26–27, 112–120
growth rate of, 544 HA and, 172–173 HGF signaling pathway
target therapies for, 770–771
histology, 417
history, natural of, 417 hyaluronan exhibited by, 27 IHC and, 490, 491, 548–550 imaging, 431–464
immunotherapy, 801–811 incidence, 217
integrins, 174, 175 karyotype, 101–102 lamini secretion by, 171 latency, 376
legal involvement in, 377, 553
LOH, 103, 104
lymphomas and differential diagnosis of, 570–571 malignant melanoma
mistaken for, 569–570 matrix proteins and, 177 mesothelioma cell lines and
pathogenesis of, 93 metastatic carcinoma v. IHC
and, 493–501
MMP proteases produced by, 176, 177
molecular alterations present in, 126
molecular epidemiology of, 226
molecular pathogenesis of, 93, 94
molecular studies
differentiation of SS from, 550–552
MT for susceptibility testing of, 230–232
mucin and, 547–548 multimodality therapy for,
707
negative markers for, 495 oncogenes in, 124–136,
233–234
outcome, 225–226, 419, 420 overexpressed genes in, 191 p53 alterations in, 130–132 pathogenesis, 93, 142, 159 pathology considerations by
clinicians for, 371–372 pathology of tissue specimen
and, 492
PBL, 231–232
PDGF and, 234, 767–769 PDGF receptor pathway
target therapies for, 767–769
pericardial, 755–756 peritoneum, 369 pleural malignancies
mimicking, 565–571 positive markers for, 496–500 PPs and, 545
predictive algorithms for, 199 prevention programs for, 377 probable, 504
prognosis, 370, 416, 417–419 proteasome/ubiquitin
pathway target therapies for, 772–773
radiation, 350–359 resultant discoveries for,
707–713
risk assessment, individual, 374–376
risk process hypothesized for, 226, 227
sarcoma differentiated from, 528–533
sarcoma, synovial differentiated from, 530–533
sarcomatoid, 502–503, 547 sex and incidence of, 217 signaling pathway,
downstream target therapies for, 771–772 sites, 141
in situ, 469–470 solitary fibrous tumor
differentiated from, 536–538
SS differentiated from, 543–553, 550, 551 stage as prognostic marker
for, 419
surgical advances for, results of, 707–713
survival, 118, 235, 553 susceptibility, 230–232 SV40 and, 46–48, 103, 135,
144, 151, 314
SV40 viral DNA sequences in, 91
target therapies for, 765–773 TERT and, 504
thalidomide in, 770
translocation, 550–552 treatment, 376–377 TSGs and, 101, 103, 108,
124–136, 232–233 TSP and, 171–172
tumor antigens in, 803–804 tumorigenesis, multistep in,
103, 104, 108
tunica vaginalis, 758–759 underexpressed genes in, 191 VEGF and cell
growth/progression of, 142–143
VEGF expression in, 142–145, 769
VEGF signaling pathway target therapies for, 769–770
vimentin pancytokeratin immunoreactivity of, 548–549
WDPM distinguished from, 574–575
Malignant mesothelioma cells (MMCs)
growth factors expressed by, 112, 113
HGF expression in, 119 SV40, 119–120
Malignant pachypleuritis, 456, 457
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM), 247–248
mortality, 248 survival, 723 treatment, 723 Malignant pleural
mesothelioma (MPM), 101, 369, 380–387, 667
ADCA distinction from, 191–192
AJCC staging system for, 403–408
asbestos exposure and, 216 BWH multimodality
treatment plan developed for, 696–720
CDKI p27 and, 425
chemotherapy, adjuvant for, 710
chemotherapy, first-line for, 593–601
chemotherapy,
intraperitoneal for, 714
chemotherapy, intrapleural in, 631–636
chemotherapy, second-line for, 608–610
clinical presentation of malignant, 380–384 clinical symptoms for malignant, 380–384 decortication, 689–691 demographics/general
considerations for, 380, 381 DFCI multimodality protocol
for, 701
diagnosis, 380–384, 402–403, 454–455, 676, 701
differential diagnosis of, 701 disease progression sites for,
408
EPP, 632–633, 684–691 erionite and, 246–248, 252 folate antagonists and,
718–719
gene expression profiles in, 192, 193
gene ratios in, 719–720 gene therapy for, 778–792 incidence, 676, 696 Italy and, 492 local control of, 678 locally advanced, 406 mediastinoscopy and,
412–413 mortality, 248
M status and staging of, 407–408
node involvement in, 406–407
N status and staging of, 406–407
perioperative mortality rate of, 697
pleurectomy, 689–691, 714 pleurectomy, radical for, 714 pleurodesis, talc in, 643 recurrence patterns of, 681 RT, 618–619, 650, 710–711 RT, definitive for, 618–619 RT following chemotherapy
for, 710–711 stage 1, 405 staging, 402–403 surgical procedures for,
632–633, 684–691
surgical resection of, 678, 693 survival, 631
thoroscopic diagnosis of, 454–455
treatment, 402, 667, 696–720, 701
T status and staging of, 403–406
VATS diagnosis of, 410–411 MALT. See Mucosa-assiociated
lymphoid tissue Manville Personal Injury
Settlement Trust, 823 MAPK. See Mitogen-activated
protein kinase Masses, 456
Mass spectrometry (MS), 194–195
imaging, 197 MALDI-, 196, 197 SELDI-, 198 Matrix-assisted laser
desorption ionization (MALDI), 195, 196 Matrix metalloproteases
(MMPs), 176–177 Matrix metalloproteinases
(MMPs), 113–114 HGF regulation of, 113–114 TGF-b secreted by, 114 Maximum tolerated dose
(MTD), 717, 736 MCA. See 3-
methylcholanthrene Mediastinoscopy, 412–413 Mediastinum
invasion, 435, 438, 440 shift, 437–438
Melanoma, malignant, 569–570 Merlin, 107
Mesothelial cell lines, 87–94 asbestos transformation of,
89
characterization, 88 experimental studies of, 87 genotoxic/clastogenic
activities of asbestos - exposed, 92
growth patterns of, 88 immunocytochemistry of, 88 integrins expressed by, 174,
175
laminin secreted by, 171 p53 in nonneoplastic,
324–325 pathology, 469 primary, 87–89
Mesothelial cell lines (cont.) SSCP abnormalities revealed
by, 129
SV40 infection in, 133–134 TSG, 92
in vitro models of, 90 in vitro transformation of,
89–92, 90, 91 Mesothelial hyperplasia
atypical, 470
cellularity gradient of, 555, 557
epithelial mesothelioma differentiated from, 555–559
malignancy criterions for, 555–556, 559
nodular, 562–563 Mesothelial proliferations,
469–478, 470–475 asbestos exposure and, 478 atypical, 557
benign, 556–557 malignant, 556–557 mesenchymal benign
mesothelial tumors and, 475–477
Mesothelin, 396–397
Mesothelioma, 242–243. See also Deciduoid mesothelioma;
Desmoplastic
mesothelioma; Epithelial mesothelioma; Human mesothelioma;
Lymphohistiocytoid mesothelioma; Malignant mesothelioma; Metastatic mesothelioma; Pericardial mesothelioma; Peritoneal mesothelioma; Peritoneal multicystic mesothelioma;
Peritoneal papillary mesothelioma; Pleural mesothelioma;
Sarcomatoid
mesothelioma; Small cell mesothelioma; Vaginalis mesothelioma; Well- differentiated papillary mesothelioma
2DGE of, 195, 196
adaptive immunity against, 154–155
ADCA mimicked by, 572
age/incidence of, 543–544 amphibole and, 22
amphibole-induced, 278, 279 angiogenesis and, 141–148 apoptosis-mediating gene
defects in, 132–133 asbestos and, 6, 14–17, 21–28,
22, 25, 216–218, 268, 356, 373
asbestos exposure and, 9–11, 215, 246, 267–287, 821 asbestos exposure and
benign, 478
asbestos exposure and immunity to, 152–153 asbestos exposure duration
and, 274
asbestos exposure types and, 274
asbestos fiber cytogenetic changes in, 25
asbestos-induced, 6, 21–28, 356, 373
asbestos-related, 356, 373 asbestos types and risk of,
14–17, 374–375 association, 10–13
atrioventricular node, 388, 473
basement membrane in, 168–177
benign, 469–478, 478, 504–505, 581–591 benign process mimicking,
561–565
biomarkers, 227–235 carcinogenesis, 60–78 case-control studies of
asbestos and, 268–271 case reports of radiation-
associated, 353–357 causes, 10–13
causes, non-asbestos related of, 275–277
CDKI abnormalities in, 128–129
CDKIs and, 125–128 cell aggregates in, 482–483 cell lines of, 87–94 cell signaling pathways in
asbestos-induced, 26–28 cellular junctions and, 510,
512
cellular origin of, 177–178
chemotherapy for radiation- induced, 357
chemotherapy impact on symptoms of, 595–596 in children, 276–277, 350–351 chromosome 9p21 and, 127,
128
clinical associations in, 384 clinical features of asbestos-
related, 356
clinical features of radiation- induced, 356
clinicians’ approach to, 369–377
collagen in, 169
combined exposures and inducing, 72–73
compensation, 822, 823, 824 compensation sources for,
823
CT diagnosis of, 435–442 cytogenetic abnormality of,
124–125
cytokeratin 5 as positive marker for, 500 cytologic diagnosis of,
481–482 definition, 7–10
diagnosis, 9, 17, 357–358, 433–448, 481, 482, 486, 487, 570–571, 700–702
diagnosis of radiation- induced, 357
differential diagnosis of, 570–571
differential gene expression patterns in, 190–192 differentiation, 499–500 discovery, early of, 3–5 diseases mimicked by,
572–574
AT distinguished from, 565 DNA in, 135–136
drug resistance of, 25 ECM and, 166–178 economic aspects of,
821–831
endoscopic imaging of, 454–464
epidemiology of asbestos- induced, 21–23
epithelial patterns of, 61 erionite induction of, 62–63,
64, 276, 364–366
