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Marco Tarini - 2014 1 Modellazione 3D

Rappresentazioni volumetriche

Marco Tarini

Intro

3D model of physical 3D object X

a mathematical representation of X stored on a computer etc

Surface models

(idea: model X with its surface)

Polygonal meshes (triangulated surfaces) Subdivision surfaces

Parametric surfaces (NURBS…)

What about the inside?

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Surfaces VS

Volumetric Models

Surface

Object boundary Main use:

rendering

Surface properties Surface operations

e.g. smoothing

Volume

Object interior Main use:

simulation

Volumetric properties Volumetric operations

e.g. binary op (intersections, unions…) factures

Constructive Solid Geometry CSG

/

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Marco Tarini - 2014 3

Constructive Solid Geometry CSG

Strutture Volumetriche ad elementi finiti

Elementi finiti:

voxels

hexahedrons tetrahedrons

3D models can be

voxelized (voxel grid),

hexahedrized (hexahedron mesh), tetrahedrized (tetrahedron mesh)

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Voxels

“Voxel” = Volume element

Così come…

“Pixel” = Picture Element

“Texel” = Texture Element

Elemento griglia regolare 3D

Esempio code:

array[resX][resY][resZ] of Voxels;

File formats

DICOM(medicina)

Voxelized volumes

Output naturale di CT scans

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Marco Tarini - 2014 5

Voxelized volumes

Voxelization

Marching cubes, Dual Countoring

Voxelized volumes

Varie

risoluzioni

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Solid textures

Solid Textures

Tessituravolumetrica voxelizzata 1 texel == 1 voxel

E.g. ogni voxel un colore RGB solid RGB textures

Come tutte le tessiture:

In video RAM

Accesso veloce durante rendering MIP mapping, filtering in accesso…

Modellano colore di tutto il volume

superficie + interno utile, per es, per fratture

Nota: nessun bisogno di UV-mapping!

tessitura indicizzata con geometria mesh

Solito problema: spazio ram

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Marco Tarini - 2014 7

Voxelized Volumes:

Input naturale dei 3D printing devices

3D printer Tri Mesh

Voxelized volume

(ogni voxel, 1 bit: pieno/vuoto)

oggetto/i fisico/i

Voxelized Volumes:

Input naturale dei 3D printing devices

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Modelli 3D per simulazioni fisiche accurate

FEM / FEA

Finite Element Method / Finite Element Analysis Simulaz strutturale accurata

distribuzione carichi

Volume voxelizzato = struttura regolare Volume di tetraedri / hexaedri

=

equivalente volumetrico delle tri / quad meshes.

Tetrahedralization

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Marco Tarini - 2014 9

Tetrahedralization

Riferimenti

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