Con questo studio ci siamo proposti di verificare gli effetti di un possibile intervento di arricchimento cognitivo in una popolazione di giovani adulti con SD. Al di là dell’ampia variabilità nel profilo individuale delle prestazioni, si conferma nella valutazione iniziale del nostro campione la presenza di un pattern funzionale specifico, caratterizzato da aree di forza e di debolezza, concorde con quanto descritto in letteratura.
Attraverso l’utilizzo del modello murino della SD (Ts65Dn), è stato dimostrato come un’esperienza di arricchimento ambientale abbia degli effetti positivi dal punto di vista comportamentale dimostrando una efficace sia sull’apprendimento che sulla memoria. Il nostro proposito è stato quello di sviluppare un modello di arricchimento ambientale diretto a soggetti giovani adulti con SD e finalizzato prevalentemente ad una stimolazione cognitiva multimodale (stimolazione della memoria, delle capacità di attenzione e di concentrazione, delle strutture di pensiero e di ragionamento).
Dall’analisi statistica dei risultati emergono delle differenze statisticamente significative nel gruppo Tr rispetto al gruppo Cont in particolare nel profilo psichiatrico e nelle prove di integrazione visuo-motoria. Un trend di miglioramento si osserva anche in alcune sottoscale delle competenze cognitive ed adattive.
L’esperienza condotta ha rilevato comunque in tutti i soggetti una certa sensibilità verso un trattamento, portando delle fondamentali modificazioni qualitative come l’ incremento dell’iniziativa comunicativa e relazionale, l’aumento dei tempi di attenzione, la maggiore tolleranza alla frustrazione. Aspetti che possono portare ad un miglioramento della Qualità di vita di questi soggetti.
Studi futuri potrebbero andare ad indagare l’efficacia dello stesso tipo di trattamento eseguito per tempi più prolungati.
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