Metodologie di analisi delle pratiche di insegnamento
3H[LJUPJHKPJVKPÄJH
7LYYPJVZ[Y\PYLPS[PTLI\KNL[KP\UHJSHZZLJPHZJ\UPU[LY]PZ[H[VYLHZZPZ[LH[\[[LSL
sessioni di lettoscrittura proposte agli alunni nel corso delle tre settimane esaminate.
6ZZLY]HLJVKPÄJHLZJS\ZP]HTLU[LPJVTWP[PWYVWVZ[PHNSPHS\UUPKLSJVYZVWYLWHYH[VYPV
HUJOLULSSLZLZZPVUPJVU\UHKVTPUHU[LKPZJPWSPUHYLKP]LYZHKHSMYHUJLZLX\HSVYHS»PUZL-gnante indichi anticipatamente che includerà un momento di lettura o scrittura.
3»PU[LY]PZ[H[VYLVWLYHPUK\L[LTWP0UUHUaP[\[[VHWW\U[HVZZLY]HaPVUPPUKPYL[[HK\-YHU[L SL ZLZZPVUP YPZWL[[HUKV S»VYKPUL KLNSP H]]LUPTLU[P VZZLY]H[P :JYP]L JP~ JOL S»PU-ZLNUHU[L KPJL HNSP HS\UUP VWW\YL YPHZZ\TL JP~ JOL NSP HSSPL]P KL]VUV MHYL ( THYNPUL
annota l’ora di inizio di ogni nuovo compito consultando un cronometro avviato all’inizio KLSSHZLZZPVUL3HZ\KKP]PZPVUL[LTWVYHSLX\PUKPuYLHSPaaH[H¸HJHSKV¹VNUPX\HS]VS[H
S»PU[LY]PZ[H[VYLYPSL]P\UJHTIPVKPJVTWP[V110U\U»HS[YHZLaPVULHNNP\UNLPUMVYTHaPVUP
PTWVY[HU[PZ\SJHYH[[LYLLZWSPJP[VKLSS»PUZLNUHTLU[VLZ\SSHKPɈLYLUaPHaPVULWLKHNVNPJH
o le modalità di lavoro degli alunni. Se la classe è divisa in gruppi che eseguono compiti KPɈLYLU[PUV[HX\HSPZVUVX\HU[PHSSPL]P]PSH]VYHUVZLUaHPSTHLZ[YVLPUVS[YLMV[VNYHMH
PKVJ\TLU[PKPZ[YPI\P[P
0U\UZLJVUKV[LTWVSLNNLYTLU[LPUKPɈLYP[HZWLZZVHSSHÄULKPVNUPTLaaHNPVYUH[H
VNPVYUH[HJVKPÄJHLYPWVY[H[\[[LSLPUMVYTHaPVUPYHJJVS[LPU\UH[HILSSH,_JLSWYLKPZWV-Z[HPUJ\PJPHZJ\UHYPNHJVYYPZWVUKLH\UJVTWP[VJMY[HILSSH
;HILSSH,Z[YH[[VKPTPU\[PKP\UÄSL¸*VTWP[P¹ZL[[PTHUHJSHZZL
N sessione 5ZtHUJL
*YVUVTL[YV *OYVUVTu[YL
*VTWP[VJVU4 ;HJOLH]LJ4
,ZWSPJP[V ,_WSPJP[L
Supporto Support
Raggruppamento Groupement
;PWVKPZJYP[[V ;`WLK»uJYP[
+PɈLYLUaPHaPVUL +PɈLYLUJPH[PVU
*VTWP[VZLUaH4 ;HJOLZHUZ4
*VTWP[VHS[YV4 ;HJOLH\[YL4
*VTTLU[V *VTTLU[HPYL
6YKPULULSSHZL[[PTHUH 6YKYLKHUZSHZLTHPUL
Annotare l’inizio del compito 5V[LYSLKLI\[KLSH[HJOL
11=HSLHKPYL\UJHTIPVKPVIPL[[P]VVKLSSHJVUKPaPVULKPYLHSPaaHaPVULKP\UTLKLZPTVVIPL[[P]V
Alcune parole chiave 8\LSX\LZTV[ZJSuZ
*VKPJL; *VKL;
Numero di alunni senza M 5IK»tSu]LZZHUZ4
*VKPJL; *VKL;
Numero di allievi con altro M 5IK»tSu]LZH]LJH\[YL4
*VKPJL; *VKL;
;LTWPTVY[P ;LTWZTVY[
+L[[H[VZPSSHIPJV +PJ[tLZ`SSHILZ
*VUZLNUHZJOLKHPUH\[VUVTPH *VUZPNULÄJOLLUH\[VUVTPL
Aiuto nella fusione Aide a la fusion
4PUJVYHNNPH"HP\[HSHZLNTLU[HaPVULSHM\ZPVUL
rimanda al cartellone 4LUJV\YHNL"HPKLHSHZLNTLU[H[PVUHSHM\ZPVU
YLU]VPLHHɉJOHNL 4YPZ[HIPSPZJLSHJHSTHHSS»PU[LYUVKLSNY\WWV
principale M ramène la calme au sien du grand groupe
3»\UP[nKPPUKHNPULuSHZL[[PTHUH!\U\UPJVÄSL,_JLSYHNNY\WWH[\[[LSLPUMVYTHaPVUP
ZL[[PTHUHSP*PHZJ\UHZL[[PTHUHuZ\KKP]PZHPUZLZZPVUPJVSVUUH(HSVYV]VS[HZ\KKP]PZL
PUJVTWP[PYPNOLKLSSH[HILSSH*PHZJ\UHZLZZPVULuU\TLYH[HZLJVUKVS»VYKPULKPLYVNH-aPVULULSJVYZVKLSSHZL[[PTHUHLJSHZZPÄJH[HPU\UÄSL¸0TWPLNVKLS[LTWV¹WLYTL[[LUKV
nello stesso tempo di indicizzare i video realizzati.
3HZLX\LUaHPU\UVZ[LZZVÄSLKP[\[[PPJVTWP[PJOLJVTWVUNVUVSLZLZZPVUPZL[[P-THUHSPJPWLYTL[[LPSJHSJVSVH\[VTH[PaaH[VKLP[PTLI\KNL[VZZPHKLSSHK\YH[HTPUPTH
dell’insegnamento proposto a un allievo per ciascun tipo di compito. Quando tutti gli al-SPL]PUVUZVUVPTWLNUH[PULSSHZ[LZZHH[[P]P[nSHK\YH[HuWVUKLYH[HZLJVUKVSLWYLZLUaL
LɈL[[P]LKLSNY\WWVKPHS\UUPJOLLZLN\LPSJVTWP[V8\LZ[VW\~LZZLYLMH[[VPUWYLZLUaH
KLSTHLZ[YVJVSVUUH*L+V[YHTP[LSH]VYVH\[VUVTVJVSVUUL1L2VJVUS»PU[LY]LU[V
KP\UHS[YVZVNNL[[VJVSVUUH3L4!THLZ[YVZVWYHUU\TLYHYPVVHS[YVHK\S[VL]LU[\HS-mente presente in classe.
8\HUKV\UHJVUZLNUHKHWHY[LKLSTHLZ[YVZLTIYHPULYLU[LHWP[PWPKPJVTWP[PS»PU-[LY]PZ[H[VYLZJLNSPLX\LSSVKVTPUHU[LLTHU[PLUL\UZVSVJVKPJLJVSVUUH+WLYJPHZJ\U
JVTWP[VVZZLY]H[V0JVTWP[PKPK\YH[HPUMLYPVYLH\UTPU\[VUVUZVUVJVKPÄJH[P(SJ\UP
JVTWP[PHUJO»LZZPTVS[VIYL]PZPYPWL[VUVZWLZZVPU[YLJJPH[PHKHS[YPJVTWP[P0UX\LZ[V
JHZVS»PU[LY]PZ[H[VYLJYLH\U»\UPJHYPNHJOLJVYYPZWVUKLHSJVTWP[VWYPUJPWHSLLWYVJLKL
H\UHK\WSPJLJVKPÄJHJVU\UHZSHZOWLYLZLTWPV!*,30SUVZ[YVZPZ[LTHKP[YH[[H-mento dati12PUMVYTH[PaaH[VH[[YPI\PZJLKLS[LTWVHSWYPTVJVTWP[VLHSZLJVUKV
5LSSHJVSVUUH,KLSSH[HILSSHS»PU[LY]PZ[H[VYLHUUV[HZLS»PUZLNUHU[LWYVWVULVZVSSL-JP[HHSTLUV\UH]VS[HWLYX\LSJVTWP[V\UHZWPLNHaPVULPU¸7LYJOt¹X\HUKVH]]PLUL
SHZWPLNHaPVULKLSSLÄUHSP[nKLSJVTWP[VVPU¸*VTL¹X\HUKVH]]PLULSHZWPLNHaPVUL
KLSSLWYVJLK\YLLZ[YH[LNPLVSHZWPLNHaPVULKLSSLJVUVZJLUaLTVIPSP[H[LWLYHɈYVU[HYL
il compito).
5LSSHJVSVUUH-PUKPJHPSZ\WWVY[V\[PSPaaH[VWLYYLHSPaaHYLPSJVTWP[V!ZJOLKHVMV-[VJVWPHPUKP]PK\HSLL[PJOL[[LTVIPSPPUKP]PK\HSPSH]HNUHPUHYKLZPHX\HKLYUVVMVNSPV
]VSHU[LTHU\HSLSPIYVPSS\Z[YH[VWLYYHNHaaPKVJ\TLU[HYPVVHS[YVSPIYVJVTW\[LY[HISL[
SH]HNUHVJHY[LSSVUPJVSSL[[P]PSH]HNUHIPHUJHPU[LYH[[P]HVHS[YV
5LSSHJVSVUUH.PUKPJHSHJVUÄN\YHaPVULWLKHNVNPJHZJLS[HKHSWYVMLZZVYL!JVSSL[[P]V
PSNY\WWVJSHZZLHSJVTWSL[VJVUPU[LYHaPVUPPUKP]PK\HSLPIHTIPUPSH]VYHUVZLWHYH[H- TLU[LZLUaHPU[LYHaPVUPW\IISPJOLPUWPJJVSPNY\WWPJVUPU[LYHaPVUP[YHHS\UUPLVYNHUPa-aHaPVULKLS[PWV¸PZVSV[[P¹!WPKPK\LNY\WWPKPVWPHS\UUP\UNY\WWVWYPUJPWHSL\U
NY\WWVWPWPJJVSVPSTHLZ[YVPU[LY]PLULPU\UVKLPK\LVHS[YV
5LSSHJVSVUUH/JVKPÄJHPS[PWVKPZJYP[[VYPJOPLZ[VKHSJVTWP[V!\UJHY[LSSVUL\UYL-WVY[KLSSHNP[HZJVSHZ[PJHKP\UÄSTV\U»LZWLYPLUaH\UKVJ\TLU[HYPVV[LZ[VLZWSPJH[P]V
\UHSLNLUKHKPPSS\Z[YHaPVUPVKPZJOLTP\UHSPZ[HTLU\PUNYLKPLU[PLJJ\UHWVLZPH
\UHÄSHZ[YVJJH\UHJHUaVUL\UYHJJVU[VVWHY[LKPLZZV\UHYPJL[[H\UTLZZHNNPV
\UHSL[[LYHVHS[YV3PKPZ[PUN\LKHPUVU[LZ[PZLX\LUaLZJPVS[LKPZPSSHILWHYVSLVMYHZP
semplici pretesti per l’esercizio di lettura o scrittura.
0UÄULULSSHJVSVUUH0PUKPJHSLTVKHSP[nKPKPɈLYLUaPHaPVULJVPU]VS[LZL]LULZVUVL
KPZ[PUN\L!NSPHP\[PMVYUP[PULSJHZVKPJVTWP[PPKLU[PJPKP]LYZPVYPVYNHUPaaH[PWLYJLY[PHS\U-UPPUKPɉJVS[nNSPHP\[PMVYUP[PULSJHZVKPJVTWP[PKP]LYZPVYPVYNHUPaaH[PWLYJLY[PHS\UUPPU
KPɉJVS[n"PJVTWP[PHNL]VSH[PVZZPHKP]LYZPWLYPTPNSPVYP"VHS[YP
;YHJJPHYLS»H[[P]P[nKLNSPPUZLNUHU[PLKLNSPHSSPL]P
5LPUKPJOLYLTVK\LJOLSHZJPHUV[YHZWHYPYLSH]HZ[P[nKLSSHNHTTHKP[YH[[HTLU[PYLZP
WVZZPIPSPKHSS»PUKHNPUL!
< I tracciati delle attività di scrittura degli alunni: ciascun intervistatore doveva foto-
NYHMHYL[\[[VJP~JOLK\LHSSPL]P(L)ZJYP]L]HUVULSJVYZVKLSSLZL[[PTHULLZHTP-12@]VUUPJR-LZZLSPLYuS»PUNLNULYLKLSS»0-t,5:3PVULJOLJVUJLWPZJLLYLHSPaaH[\[[HSHWHY[LPUMVYTH[PaaH[H
KLSKPZWVZP[P]VKHSZP[VPU[LYUL[HSS»LZ[YHaPVULKLPKH[P:LUaHPSZ\VJVU[YPI\[VU\SSHKPX\LZ[VZHYLIILZ[H[V
WVZZPIPSL
UH[LLYLNPZ[YHYLSLHU[LWYPTLKPNP[HSPaaH[LZ\SZP[VPU[LYUL[KLSNY\WWV([[\HSTLU[L
Z\X\LZ[VZP[VKPZWVUPHTVKPJPYJH WHNPULKPNP[HSPaaH[L8\LPK\LHSSPL]PZVUV
Z[H[PZJLS[PKHSS»PUZLNUHU[LHUV]LTIYL!(LYH\UHS\UUV¸MVY[L¹ZVSPKHTLU[LH]]PH[V
HSS»HWWYLUKPTLU[VKLSSHZJYP[[\YHZLUaHLZZLYLNPnPUNYHKVKPSLNNLYLZJYP]LYLL)
\UHS\UUV¸PUKPɉJVS[n¹VZZPH\UHS\UUVPSJ\PM\[\YVPUSL[[\YHLZJYP[[\YHLYHYP[LU\[V
preoccupante dall’insegnate.
< I tracciati dei metatermini utilizzati in classe: ciascun intervistatore doveva rilevare i metatermini grammaticali di cui trovasse traccia nei cartelloni appesi alle pareti o Z\PX\HKLYUPSPIYPVULPÄSLKPMYHUJLZL\[PSPaaH[PKHNSPHS\UUPK\YHU[LSHZL[[PTHUHWLY
LZLTWPVMYHZLWHYVSLZ[Y\TLU[VWS\YHSLLVZPUNVSHYL
9PJVZ[Y\PYLSHWYVNYHTTHaPVULKLSS»PUZLNUHTLU[VKLSJVKPJL
<UHS[YVKLPUVZ[YPVIPL[[P]PKPYPJLYJHuSHX\HSP[nKLSSLKP]LYZLTVKHSP[nKPWYVNYHT-THaPVUL KLSS»PUZLNUHTLU[V WLY LZLTWPV SH WYVNYHT<UHS[YVKLPUVZ[YPVIPL[[P]PKPYPJLYJHuSHX\HSP[nKLSSLKP]LYZLTVKHSP[nKPWYVNYHT-THaPVUL KLSSV Z[\KPV KLSSL JVYYP-ZWVUKLUaLNYHÄJVMVUVSVNPJOL*.78\LZ[HZ»PUZJYP]LPU\UKPHSVNVZJPLU[PÄJVJVUP
YPJLYJH[VYPJOLZVZ[LUNVUVJOL\UPUZLNUHTLU[VLZWSPJP[VZPZ[LTH[PJVLWYLJVJLKLSSH
KLJVKPÄJHMHJPSP[PS»HWWYLUKPTLU[VPUPaPHSLKLSSHSL[[VZJYP[[\YH:WYLUNLY*OHYVSSLZL*VSt
PUZLN\P[VHSYLWVY[KLS5H[PVUHS9LHKPUN7HULS"597*VTLSVYVYP[LUPH-TV JOL NSP HS\UUP HWWYLUKHUV TLNSPV ZL HJX\PZPZJVUV HS WP WYLZ[V JVTWL[LUaL JOL
YPZ]LNSPHUVSHSVYVJ\YPVZP[nWLYPSM\UaPVUHTLU[VKLSJVKPJLHSMHIL[PJVLJOLULMHJPSP[HUV
S»H\[VHWWYLUKPTLU[VL]P[HUKVHIIH[[PTLU[PL[LU[LUUHTLU[PYPZJOPVZP.VPNV\_
8\LZ[HWVZPaPVULKPMLZHKHTVS[V[LTWV.VTILY[*VSt=HSKVPZ.VPNV\_4V\Z[`L[
-H`VSLZVZ[LU\[HKHSSLJVUJS\ZPVUPKLSSHJVUMLYLUaHKPJVUZLUZVKLS709,-
UVUuTHPZ[H[HZV[[VWVZ[HHSSHWYV]HKLPMH[[PPU\U7HLZLMYHUJVMVUV7LY[HU[V
JLYJOPHTVKP]LYPÄJHYULSH]HSPKP[nLZVWYH[[\[[VKPJHWPYLPUJOLJVUKPaPVUPJVU[LZ[\H-SP SV Z[\KPV WYLJVJL L ZPZ[LTH[PJV KLS JVKPJL HSMHIL[PJV WVZZH YP]LSHYZP LɈL[[P]HTLU[L
]HU[HNNPVZV7PWYLJPZHTLU[LTPYPHTVHZ[HIPSPYLZL[\[[PNSPHS\UUP[YHNNHUVSVZ[LZZV
vantaggio dalle programmazioni dello studio del codice secondo il loro livello iniziale e se PS[LTWVYP[TVKPX\LZ[LWYVNYHTTHaPVUPHIIPH\U»PUÅ\LUaHKPYL[[HZ\SSHX\HSP[nKLSS»HW-WYLUKPTLU[VVHNPZJHPUPU[LYHaPVULJVUHS[YL]HYPHIPSPKPKH[[PJOLZJYP[[\YHJ\S[\YHKLSSV
ZJYP[[VLJJ)\JOL[VUL:V\St "4J.PSS-YHUaLU
:\SWPHUVTL[VKVSVNPJVSLUVZ[YLPUKHNPUPPUX\LZ[VJHTWVZPMVUKHUV\UPJHTLU[L
Z\SSLWYPTLKPLJPZL[[PTHULKLSS»HUUVZJVSHZ[PJVWVPJOtSLZJLS[LPUPaPHSPKLPTHLZ[YPKL[LY-TPUHUVMVY[LTLU[LSLSVYVH[[P]P[n\S[LYPVYPLPUÅ\PZJVUVMVY[LTLU[LLPUTHUPLYHK\YH[\YH
Z\SSHX\HSP[nKLNSPHWWYLUKPTLU[PKLNSPHS\UUP05:,94 (IIPHTV[YHJJPH[VS»PU]LU-tario delle corrispondenze grafema-fonema insegnate in modo esplicito dai maestri nel JVYZVKLSSLWYPTLUV]LZL[[PTHULZJVSHZ[PJOLJVUZ\S[HaPVULKLP[YHJJPH[PZJYP[[PZ\X\H- KLYUPKLNSPHSSPL]PTHU\HSPJHY[LSSVUPZJOLKLWYLWHYH[VYPLKLPTHLZ[YPLJJ7LYVTVNL-ULPaaHYLSHYHJJVS[HHIIPHTVLSHIVYH[V\UHNYPNSPHJVTWVZ[HKHSSL JVWWPLWYPUJPWHSPKP
JVYYPZWVUKLUaLNYHÄJVMVUVSVNPJOLKLSMYHUJLZLWLYLZLTWPVHUHTCBqDYHWWYLZLU[H
\UHJVWWPHLKLSSLSL[[LYLT\[LJVTLSHWKPS\WV3»PU[LY]PZ[H[VYLPUKPJHHUJOLPU
JOLZLUZVZPZ[\KPHSHJVYYPZWVUKLUaH!X\LSSVKLSSHSL[[\YHKHSNYHMLTH]LYZVPSMVULTH
VX\LSSVKLSSHZJYP[[\YHKHSMVULTH]LYZVPSNYHMLTH8\LZ[H[LJUPJHJVUZLU[LKPYPWVY[HYL
[\[[PNSPHWWYVJJPKPKH[[PJPMVULTPJPVNYHMLTPJP2YPJR9LPJOZ[HK[L;LYYHPS
L’inventario realizzato nelle 131 classi ci consente di descrivere tre caratteristiche delle programmazioni:
< il loro [LTWVYP[TVX\HU[LJVYYPZWVUKLUaLNYHÄJVMVUVSVNPJOLZVUVZ[H[LZ[\KPH[L
PU ZL[[PTHUL"
< SHSVYVYLZH[LVYPJHJVUS»HP\[VKP\UH[HILSSHKLSSHMYLX\LUaHKPJPHZJ\UHKPX\LZ[L
JVWWPLJHSJVSPHTVJOLWHY[LKP\U[LZ[VZ[HUKHYKuKLJPMYHIPSLHSS»PUPaPVKLSSHKLJPTH
settimana di attività in classe);
< SHSVYVYLZHLɈL[[P]HJOLWHY[LKLP[LZ[PWYVWVZ[PHNSPHSSPL]PuKLJPMYHIPSLHSSHKLJPTH
settimana).
*P~ WLYTL[[L HUJOL KP JVUMYVU[HYL JP~ JOL u YLHSTLU[L PUZLNUH[V KHP THLZ[YP JVU
X\HU[VuWYLÄZZH[VKHNSPH\[VYPKLPTHU\HSP
-HYLS»PU]LU[HYPVKLPTHU\HSP
7LYLZHTPUHYL\UL]LU[\HSLLɈL[[VTHU\HSLLJVU[YPI\PYLHPKPIH[[P[PPULYLU[PS»PUÅ\LU- aHKLNSPZ[Y\TLU[PKPKH[[PJPZ\SSH]VYVKLNSPPUZLNUHU[PHIIPHTVYLJLUZP[VPTHU\HSP\[PSPa-aH[PLSPHIIPHTVJSHZZPÄJH[PWLYJYLHYL\UH]HYPHIPSLKPJH[LNVYPH\[PSPaaHIPSLULSTVKLSSV
Z[H[PZ[PJV0SUVZ[YVVIPL[[P]VuPKLU[PÄJHYLPSLNHTP[YHSHZJLS[HKLSTHU\HSLSHWYVNYHT-THaPVULKLSSVZ[\KPVKLSJVKPJLLSLWYH[PJOLLɈL[[P]LKLNSPPUZLNUHU[P13*PPU[LYLZZPHTV
PUWHY[PJVSHYLHSSLKPɈLYLUaLKPWYH[PJHMYHTHLZ[YPJOL\[PSPaaHUVSVZ[LZZVTHU\HSLLHSSL
similitudini tra coloro che utilizzano manuali diversi.
137LYJVTWSL[HYLSVZ[\KPVKLSS»\ZVKLPTHU\HSPNSPPU[LY]PZ[H[VYPOHUUVJOPLZ[VHNSPPUZLNUHU[PKPLZWYPTLYLPS
SVYVNYHKVKPZVKKPZMHaPVULYPZWL[[VHNSPZ[Y\TLU[P\[PSPaaH[PHSTVKVKPZWPLNHYLSHWYVWYPHTVKHSP[nKPPUZLNUH-TLU[VKLSSHSL[[VZJYP[[\YHHPNLUP[VYPKLNSPHS\UUPLYPZWL[[VHSSLWHYVSL\[PSPaaH[LWLYJHYH[[LYPaaHYLVKLZJYP]LYL
PSWYVWYPV¸TL[VKV¹
3HUVZ[YHJSHZZPÄJHaPVULKPZ[PUN\LX\H[[YVPUZPLTPKPTHU\HSPZLJVUKVX\HU[VWYVWV-sto dagli autori:
< un approccio integrativo!NSPH\[VYPPUJP[HUVHJVTIPUHYLZ[\KPVLZWSPJP[VLZPZ[LTH[P- JVKLSSHJVYYPZWVUKLUaLNYHÄJVMVUVSVNPJOLZJYP[[\YHLWYVK\aPVUL[LZ[PJVTWYLU-ZPVUL [LZ[P L HJJ\S[\YHaPVUL 0S SVYV HWWYVJJPV ZP IHZH Z\SSV Z[\KPV KP SPIYP PSS\Z[YH[P
PU[LNYH[P V TLUV JVU PS THU\HSL [HS]VS[H HIIYL]PH[P L ZWLZZV Z\KKP]PZP PU LWPZVKP
Gli autori mirano alla costruzione di un universo culturale e vanno a ricercare le in-terazioni fra comprensione dei testi e studio del codice. Spesso propongono letture documentarie in parallelo. Si tratta di: 9\LKLZJVU[LZ"7H[H[PL[WH[H[H"4V[ZK»tJVSL
*O\[QLSPZ"([PYLK»(PSL"*YVX\LSPNUL"8\LK»/PZ[VPYLZ"=HSLU[PUSLTHNPJPLU"4H_
1\SLZL[SL\YZJVWHPUZ"1LSPZH]LJ+HNVILY["3PILSS\SL"<UTVUKLnSPYL")\SSLAltri K\LTHU\HSPOHUUVHSJ\ULZM\TH[\YLPUJVT\ULJVUX\LZ[LJH[LNVYPLTHZHYHUUV
Z[\KPH[PZLWHYH[HTLU[LWVPJOtZVUVWYL]HSLU[LTLU[LJHTWPVUP!Ribambelle che si PZWPYHHKLSSLVWLYLSL[[LYHYPLSL[[LKHNSPHSSPL]PWLYPU[LYVLA l’école des albums che WYVWVUL\UHWYVNYHTTHaPVULKLSSVZ[\KPVKLSSLJVYYPZWVUKLUaLNYHÄJVMVUVSVNPJOL
doppiamente rapida.
< \U HWWYVJJPV MVULTH[PJV IHZH[V WYL]HSLU[LTLU[L Z\SS»PUZLNUHTLU[V KLSSL JVY-YPZWVUKLUaL MVUPJVNYHÄJOL H WHY[PYL KHS MVULTH 0 [LZ[P WYVWVZ[P HNSP HS\UUP ZVUV
KLZJYP[[PZVWYH[[\[[VWLYZ\WWVY[HYLSVZ]PS\WWVKLSSVZ[\KPVKLSJVKPJLZLUaHHTIP-aPVULSL[[LYHYPHHUJOLZL[HS]VS[HZPHWYVUVHKHS[YP[PWPKPZJYP[[P+HUV[HYLJOLZLSH
SVYVWPHUPÄJHaPVULu]PJPUHHX\LSSHKLPTL[VKPZPSSHIPJPX\LZ[PTHU\HSPZPKPZ[PUN\VUV
WLY\UHZWL[[VPTWVY[HU[L*VU[YHYPHTLU[LHPTL[VKPZPSSHIPJPWYVWVUNVUVSHTLTV-YPaaHaPVULKPPU[LYLWHYVSL¸WHYVSLZ[Y\TLU[V¹WYPTHJOLSLZ[LZZLZPHUVKLJPMYHIPSP
Si tratta dei manuali: 9H[\Z3LJ[PZZPTV.HÄSLMHU[TL:\WLY.HÄ"1\Z[PULL[JVT
pagnie, Je lis avec Mona, Pilotis.
< \U HWWYVJJPV ZPSSHIPJV IHZH[V Z\ \U PUZLNUHTLU[V LZWSPJP[V KLSSL JVYYPZWVUKLUaL
NYHÄJVMVUVSVNPJOLHWHY[PYLKHPNYHMLTPJOLLZJS\KLX\HSZPHZPTLTVYPaaHaPVULKP
parole intere e propone agli allievi solo frammenti di testi costituiti esclusivamente da grafemi studiati in precedenza. Si tratta dei manuali: 1LSPZQ»tJYPZ"3tVL[3tH"(JV\W
ZY"7SHUu[LHSWOHZ":HTPL[1\SPL";HVRP
< \U HWWYVJJPV X\HZP NSVIHSL JOL YPZLY]H WVJV ZWHaPV HSS»PUZLNUHTLU[V KLSSL JVYYP-ZWVUKLUaLNYHÄJVMVUVSVNPJOLDame Coca e Paginaire).
=HS\[HYLPSJSPTHKPJSHZZLLPSJVPU]VSNPTLU[VKLNSPHS\UUP
(IIPHTV NPn WYLJPZH[V JOL PS UVZ[YV TVKLSSV KP HUHSPZP PUJS\KL TVS[L HS[YL ]HYPHIPSP
WLKHNVNPJOL SH J\P PTWVY[HUaH u Z[H[H TVZ[YH[H KH WYLJLKLU[P YPJLYJOL /H[[PL
LJOLu\[PSLJVU[YVSSHYL7LYLZLTWPVZHWWPHTVJOLPS[LTWVVɈLY[VKHNSPPUZLNUHU[P
WLYS»LZLJ\aPVULKLPJVTWP[PUVUuLZH[[HTLU[L\N\HSLHX\LSSVJOLNSPHSSPL]PPTWPLNHUV
SH]VYHUKV*YHOH` ,WW\YLSVZJHY[V[YHPK\LKPTPU\PZJLPUM\UaPVULKPX\HU[VNSP
PUZLNUHU[PYPLZJVUVHJVPU]VSNLYLNSPHS\UUPJHW[HUKVLWVPTHU[LULUKVSHSVYVH[[LUaPV-UL/HTYLLHS 7LY[HU[VHIIPHTVJLYJH[VKPKLZJYP]LYLPSJSPTHKLSSHJSHZZLVZZPH
SLYLSHaPVUP[YHPUZLNUHU[LLHS\UUPVS[YLHSSLYLSHaPVUP[YHIHTIPUPLPSNYHKVKPJVPU]VSNP-TLU[VKLNSPHS\UUPULSSVZ]VSNLYLPJVTWP[P50*/+
6NUP TH[[PUH K\YHU[L PS WYPTV PU[LY]HSSV S»PU[LY]PZ[H[VYL ]HS\[H]H PS JVTWVY[HTLU[V
KLSSHJSHZZLYPZWL[[VHX\LZ[PK\LPUKPJH[VYPZ\\UHZJHSHKPX\H[[YVNYHKPPUKPJHU[PKLP
]HSVYPLZ[YLTHTLU[LULNH[P]PWP\[[VZ[VULNH[P]PWP\[[VZ[VWVZP[P]PVTVS[VWVZP[P]P
Sette voci permettono di caratterizzare il clima di classe:
< 0STHLZ[YVZPJVTWVY[HPUTVKVTHNUHUPTV]VJLJHSTHJHSVYVZVSPUN\HNNPVYPZWL[-[VZVH[[LNNPHTLU[VÄK\JPVZVZVYYPKLU[L¯
< 0STHLZ[YVKPTVZ[YHZVSPKHH\[VYL]VSLaaHZHYPJOPHTHYLHSS»VYKPULLHSSH]VYVNLZ[PYL
PJVUÅP[[P¯
< 0STHLZ[YVTHUPMLZ[HPYYP[HIPSP[nJVSSLYHNYPKH¯
< 0STHLZ[YVTPUHJJPHHKV[[HW\UPaPVUPZL]LYL¯
< .SPHS\UUPZVYYPKVUVZVUVJVSSHIVYH[P]PTHUPMLZ[HUVPSSVYVPU[LYLZZL
< +P]LYZPHS\UUPZVUVPYYPZWL[[VZP]LYZVPSTHLZ[YVUVUHZJVS[HUVYPZWVUKVUV¯
< +P]LYZPHS\UUPSP[PNHUVZPHNP[HUVKPZ[\YIHUVSHJSHZZL¯
Altre sette voci sono utilizzate per caratterizzare il coinvolgimento degli alunni nel lavoro:
< Routine: gli alunni sono in grado di orientarsi tra le diverse forme di lavoro proposte.
:HUUVJVZHKL]VUVMHYL5VU]PuÅ\[[\HaPVUL
< 6JJ\WHaPVUL!K\YHU[LSVZ]VSNPTLU[VKLPJVTWP[PNSPHS\UUPZVUVVJJ\WH[P:VUV¸HS
SH]VYV¹LWLYKVUVWVJV[LTWVHZWL[[HUKV
< -PULKLSJVTWP[V!X\HUKVNSPHS\UUPOHUUV\S[PTH[VPSJVTWP[VWYVWVZ[VKPZWVUNVUV
KP\UHYPZLY]HKPHS[YLH[[P]P[nKHLZLN\PYL:VUVHSJVYYLU[LKPX\LZ[LWVZZPIPSP[nLSL
mettono in atto.
< *VPU]VSNPTLU[P! NSP HS\UUP ZVUV JVPU]VS[P ULP JVTWP[P WYVWVZ[P :LTIYHUV H[[LU[P L
interessati dal lavoro.
< 4H[LYPHSL!PSTH[LYPHSLKLSSLH[[P]P[nuWYVU[VLHJJLZZPIPSL,ZZVu\[PSPaaH[VVKPZ[YPI\P-[VPUTHUPLYHLɉJHJL
< :[PTVSV!S»PUZLNUHU[LWYVT\V]LPSJVPU]VSNPTLU[VKLNSPHS\UUPT\V]LUKVZP[YHPIHU-JOPVZZLY]HUKVPSSVYVSH]VYVVPUJP[HUKVSPHWYVZLN\PYL
< ;YHUZPaPVUP!SL[YHUZPaPVUP[YHK\LJVTWP[PZVUVYHWPKLLKLɉJHJP.
4. Completare l’indagine interrogando gli insegnanti
:]HYPH[PX\LZ[PVUHYPHYPZWVZ[LHWLY[LVZLTPHWLY[LJVUZLU[VUVKPJVTWSL[HYLSHUV-Z[YHKLZJYPaPVULKLSSLJHYH[[LYPZ[PJOLKLNSPHS\UUPKLNSPPUZLNUHU[PLKLSSLSVYVWYH[PJOL
8\LZ[PX\LZ[PVUHYPZPIHZHUVWLYLZLTWPVZ\SS»PUKP]PK\HaPVULKLNSPHS\UUPPUKPɉJVS[n
Z\PKPZWVZP[P]PKPHP\[VHSVYVKPZWVZPaPVULZ\PJVTWP[PHJHZHZ\NSP\ZPKLSSHSL[[LYH[\YH
WLYS»PUMHUaPHLS»HKVSLZJLUaHZ\NSP\ZPKPTHU\HSPVZ\SZLUZVKPH\[VLɉJHJPHKLSWYV-MLZZVYL8\LZ[PX\LZ[PVUHYPZVUV[\[[PSLNH[PHSSLUVZ[YLPWV[LZPKPYPJLYJHZWLJPLPUTLYP[V
HSS»PUÅ\LUaH KLSSL YHWWYLZLU[HaPVUP KLSSH KPɉJVS[n ZJVSHZ[PJH KH WHY[L KLNSP PUZLNUHU[P
7PX\tLHSS»PTWH[[VKP\UHKPɈLYLUaPHaPVULWLKHNVNPJHWHZZP]H:LUZL]`4H\YP-JL*SHUL[ 4\YPSSV HSS»PTWVY[HUaHKLSS»HJJ\S[\YHaPVULHSSVZJYP[[V3HOPYL "
)Y\ULY HSY\VSVLZLYJP[H[VKHSZLUZVKPH\[VLɉJHJPHZ\SSHTV[P]HaPVULKLNSPPUZL-NUHU[PLKPJVUZLN\LUaHZ\SS»LɉJHJPHKLSSHSVYVHaPVUL )HUK\YH LJJ0SSVYV
[YH[[HTLU[VWVY[LYnHJVZ[Y\PYLKLSSLU\V]L]HYPHIPSPKPSP]LSSVLKPSP]LSSVJOLZHYHUUV
progressivamente introdotte nel modello di analisi. L’inventario esaustivo delle informa-aPVUPJOLHIIPHTVYHJJVS[VZHYLIIL[YVWWVS\UNVPUX\LZ[HZLKL,JJVHSJ\UPLZ[YH[[P
.SPHS\UUPPUKPɉJVS[n
7LYJVTWSL[HYLSLVZZLY]HaPVUPYLSH[P]LHSSHKPɈLYLUaPHaPVULWLKHNVNPJHS»PU[LY]PZ[H-tore interroga l’insegnante in merito ai dispositivi di cui si avvale per la presa in carico di HS\UUPPUKPɉJVS[n7LYJPHZJ\UHZL[[PTHUHPULZHTLJOPLKLX\HSPHS\UUPNVKVUVKP\UH
WYLZHPUJHYPJVZWLJPÄJHPUJSHZZLVM\VYPKHSSHJSHZZLWLYX\HU[V[LTWVPUVYLLKHJOP!
\UTHLZ[YV,\UTHLZ[YV.KLPTHLZ[YPPUJHYPJH[PKLSSL([[P]P[n7LKHNVNPJOL*VTWSL-TLU[HYPPSWLYZVUHSLH\ZPSPHYPVKLSSHZJ\VSHKLNSPVY[VMVUPZ[P 9PSL]HSHK\YH[HKPX\LZ[P
aiuti in numero di ore cumulate per l’anno scolastico. L’intervistatore inoltre interroga
8\LZ[L ]VJP ZVUV Z[H[L LSHIVYH[L KHSSH UVZ[YH tX\PWL HKH[[HUKV SPILYHTLU[L SV Z[Y\TLU[V (TLYPJHUV
*3(::*SHZZYVVT(ZZLZZTLU[:JVYPUN:`Z[LT7PHU[HLHS
¸:LSLWLYZVULUVUJYLKVUVKPWV[LYV[[LULYLPYPZ\S[H[PJOLZWLYHUVJVUSLSVYVHaPVUPOHUUVILUWVJHYHNPV-ULKPHNPYLVWLYZL]LYHYLKPMYVU[LHSSLKPɉJVS[n¹*HYYtPU)HUK\YH W0=
0KLU[PÄJHPUVS[YLNSPHS\UUPJVU779,WYVNYHTTHWLYZVUHSPaaH[VKPYP\ZJP[HLK\JH[P]HLVYPJVUVZJP\[PKHSSH
4+7/4HPZVU+tWHY[LTLU[HSLKLZWLYZVUULZOHUKPJHWtLZLPKPZWVZP[P]PZWLJPHSPKPPUZLNUHTLU[VKLSMYHU-JLZLJVTLZLJVUKHSPUN\H*305JSHZZLKPH]]PHTLU[V*90JVYZVKPYLJ\WLYVPU[LNYH[VULZZ\UVHS[YV¯
S»PUZLNUHU[LZ\PKPZWVZP[P]PKPZ\WWVY[VHNSPHS\UUPPUKPɉJVS[nKPJ\PZPH]]HSLPUJSHZZLL
SVYVWLYPVKPJP[n!NY\WWPKPSP]LSSVVNY\WWPKPIPZVNUV"SHIVYH[VYP¸H[\YUHaPVUL¹[PWVZJ\VSH
TH[LYUHL[LYVNLULPLJJ
7LYJVTWYLUKLYLTLNSPVPS[PWVKPZN\HYKVKLSS»PUZLNUHU[LZ\NSPHS\UUPS»PU[LY]PZ[H[VYL
JOPLKLX\HSPZPHUVNSPHS\UUPJOLYP[PLUL¸PUKPɉJVS[n¹ULSSHZ\HJSHZZLVZZPHJVSVYVPSJ\P
M\[\YV PU SL[[\YH V ZJYP[[\YH ZPH JVUZPKLYH[V WYLVJJ\WHU[L (SSH ÄUL KLSS»HUUV JOPLKL
HUJOLX\HSPZVUVNSPHSSPL]PWLYJ\PWYVWVYYnSHIVJJPH[\YH