INCULTURAZIONE E STORIOGRAFIA BENEDETTINA NELL’EUROPA CENTRO-ORIENTALE
A. Selezione dalle pubblicazioni recenti sui benedettini in Ungheria
Dopo l’Annus mirabilis, il 1989, ripresero i lavori di pubblicazione anche in ambito monastico. A questa svolta negli studi sono riconducibili sia la fondazione dell’Associazione degli Storici della Chiesa, detta anche METEM (Magyar Egyháztörténeti Enciklopédia Munkaközösség [METEM International Society for Encyclopedia of Church History in Hungary]), con la Rivista “Magyar Egyháztörténeti Vázlatok – Essays in Church History in Hungary”, sia la fondazione della casa editrice “Bencés” di Pannonhalma in Ungheria, e la rispettiva casa editrice che fa capo all’Abbazia Tyniec in Polonia.
A Pannonhalma ha trovato prosecuzione la collana dei dottorati dei confratelli, prima soppressa (Pannonhalmi Füzetek [Quaderni di Pannonhalma] 35 numeri tra 1926-1943, 36-52 numeri tra 1995 e 2012). È stata inoltre avviata la collana che pubblicava traduzioni di alcune opere fondamentali di Philibert Schmitz e di autori come Fidelis Ruppert, God-
frey Sieber, Joel Rippinger, Pius Engelbert e Agatha Rohtert43.
L’anno del millennio del monachesimo benedettino in Ungheria, l’anno 1996, ha fornito altre occasioni per suscitare l’interesse sul mondo benedettino. Così sono stati pubblicati un volume della summenzionata rivista “Magyar Egyháztörténeti Vázlatok” [Essays in Church History in Hungary], dedicata ai benedettini nel 1996, ed l’opera in tre massicci volumi: Mons Sacer 996-1996. Pannonhalma 1000 éve, I-III, a cura di: Imre TAKÁCS, Kornél SZOVÁK
e Martina MONOSTORI, Pannonhalma 1996 (in lingua ungherese, fonti in latino). Qui riporto
l’indice secondo i sommari (sono indicate le pagine del sommario in tedesco o in inglese):
nell’Ungheria medievale, pp. 121-148; A. VÍZKELETY, Manoscritti medievali della Regula Benedicti in
Ungheria, pp. 149-157; F. AVAGLIANO, Montecassino e Pannonhalma, pp. 161-168; G. MIHÁLYI, Il gin-
nasio-liceo Dante Alighieri di lingua italiana a Pannonhalma dal 1939 al 1948 e il suo ruolo nei rapporti italo-ungheresi, pp. 169-173; P. ENGELBERT, L’inizio del Collegio di Sant’Anselmo e Pannonhalma,
pp. 177-190. Si vedano infine tre scritti su Padre Gerardo Békés di R.J. CLEARY, P. SÁRKÖZY e
J.E. VERCRUYSSE, ed un guida storico-architettonica di K.M. SZILAS- Á. SZÖLLO˝SY.
42Cf. il contributo A. V
ÁRSZEGIOSB, Norbert Legányi, Archabbot of Pannonhalma and the Third
Session of the Second Vatican Council (September 14 - December 21, 1964), in Collectanea S. Martini,
Pubblicazione dell’Arciabbazia di Pannonhalma, vol. I, 2013, pp. 245 e ss.
43Rendtörténeti Füzetek [Quaderni della Storia dell’Ordine], tra il 1996 e il 2008 13 volumi. In questa collana apparve una raccolta di saggi di padre Szilveszter Sólymos OSB sulla vita di Pan- nonhalma nell’Ottocento e del sottoscritto sulla visita apostolica in Ungheria 1927-1935.
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Vol. I. – I. Die Stiftung der Abtei Pannonhalma: Pius ENGELBERTOSB, Adalbert von Prag
zwischen Bischofsideal, Politik und Mönchtum, pp. 595 s.; Eszter SZO˝NYI - Péter TOMKA,
Die Geschichte der Umgebung von Pannonhalma bis zur Ansiedlung der Benediktiner,
pp. 596 s.; Géza ÉRSZEGI, Die Urkunde des heiligen Königs Stephan für Pannonhalma (Diplo-
matisch-philologischer Kommentar), p. 597; Gábor THOROCZKAY, Historiographie der
Urkunde des Heiligen Königs Stephan für Pannonhalma, pp. 598 s.; József GERICS- Erzsébet
LADÁNYI, Das Erbe des Staatsmannes König Stephan des Heiligen, pp. 598 s. – II. Die Bau- geschichte der Abtei im Mittelalter: Erno˝ MAROSI, Die Baukunst der Benediktiner im Ungarn
der Árpádenzeit. Zum Problem der “Ordensbauschule”, pp. 599 ss.; Csaba LÁSZLÓ, Die Bau-
geschichte von Pannonhalma im Spiegel der archäologischen Forschungen, pp. 601 s.; Imre TAKÁCS, Die Erneuerung der Abteikirche von Pannonhalma im 13. Jahrhundert, pp. 602 ss.;
Szilárd PAPP, Die spätgotische Bauperiode in Pannonhalma, pp. 605-606. – III. Buchkultur im
mittelalterlichen Pannonhalma: László VESZPRÉMY, Die Bibliothek der Abtei Pannonhalma.
Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts, p. 607; Richard PRAZÁK, Die Legende des Bischofs Maurus über die Eremiten Zoerardus und Benedictus, p. 608; János BOLLÓK, Die Legende des heiligen
Emerich, p. 608; István KAPITÁNFFY, Cerbanus und seie Maximos-Übersetzung, pp. 609 s.;
Edit MADAS, Der heilige Benedikt in der mittelalterlichen Predigt- und Legendenliteratur
Ungarns, pp. 610 s.; András VIZKELETY, Mittelalterliche Handschriften der Regula Benedicti
in Ungarn, p. 611. – IV. Die Zeugnisse der Schreibstube: Gábor SARBAK, Der Liber ruber von
Pannonhalma, pp. 611 ss.; Kornél SZOVÁK, Die Anfänge der Beurkundung, der glaubwürdigen
Tätigkeit, in Pannonhalma, pp. 612 ss.; Gábor DRESKA, Transkriptionen von Urkunden im 14. Jahrhundert am glaubwürdigen Ort Pannonhalma, p. 613; László VESZPRÉMY, Urkunden
von Pannonhalma. Einige Aspekte der Entwicklung der Urkundenschrift in Ungarn im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert, p. 614; László SOLYMOSI, Die Anfänge der Urkundenausfertigung in den Benediktinerkonventen als loca credibilia, p. 615. – V. Die gesellschaftlichen Beziehungen der königlichen Abtei im Mittelalter: IDEM, Die Konskription des Magisters Albeus und die Besi-
tzungen der Abtei Pannonhalma vor dem Mongolensturm (1241), pp. 616 s.; György RÁCZ,
Pannonhalma und Ják. Aspekte der Beziehungen einer königlichen Abtei und eines Patrona- tskloster im Mittelalter, p. 618; András KUBINYI, König Matthias Corvinus (1468-1490)
und die monastischen Orden, pp. 618 s. – VI. Die Reform des Erzabtes Matthäus Tolnai: Géza ÉRSZEGI, Zu Alltagsleben und Sachkultur ungarischer Benediktinerklöster des Spätmittelalters,
pp. 619 ss.; Árpád MIKÓ, Erzabt Matthäus Tolnai und die Denkmäler der Renaissance in
Pannonhalma (1500-1535), pp. 621-622.
Vol II. – Ferenc SZAKÁLY, Pannonhalma zur Türkenzeit, II., pp. 357 s.; József HORVÁTH,
Der Alltag in der Umgebung der Benediktinerabtei im 16.-17. Jahrhundert, II., p. 358; Antal MOLNÁR, Pannonhalma unter Erzabt Aegydius Karner (1699-1708), II., pp. 358 s.; György
KELÉNYI, Bauten und Bautentwürfe von Pannonhalma im 18. Jahrhundert, II., p. 359; Géza GALAVICS, Das barocke Refektorium der Benediktinerabtei Pannonhalma (1728-1734), I.,
pp. 359 ss.; Katalin GYÖRFFY-GRANASZTÓI, Barockaltäre und Barockausstattung der Abteikir-
che von Pannonhalma, II., p. 362; Tamás SAJÓ, Designs for a Series of Altars in Pannonhalma
Archabbey After the Restoration of the Benedictine Order (1802-1812), II., p. 362; József
SISA, Die Errichtung der Bibliothek und des Turmes der Erzabtei Pannonhalma, II., pp. 363 s.;
Ferenc DÁVID, Die puristische Restaurierung der Abteikirche, II., pp. 364 ss.; Éva ASKERCZ,
Der Restaurator und Architekt Franz Storno in Pannonhalma, II., p. 366; László KATUS,
Die Schulen des Benediktinerordens im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, II., pp. 366 s.; Gyula RADNAI, Wissenschaftler aus dem Benediktinerorden: Ányos Jedlik, II., pp. 367 s.; Hedvig
SZABOLCSI, Möbelstücke aus dem Besitz des Naturwissenschaftlers Ányos Jedlik OSB, II.,
pp. 368 s.; Ágnes R. VÁRKONYI, Ein Historiker des Positivismus im Benediktinerorden:
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Flóris Rómer OSB (1815-1889), II., p. 369; Tivadar VIDA, Kampf um ein Museum: Elemér
Lovas OSB (1889-1949), II., p. 370; István FAZEKAS, Die Diözese von Pannonhalma, II.,
pp. 370 s.; Péter DOMINKOVICS, Szentmárton: Der Marksflecken und seine Einwohner 1802-
1848, II., pp. 371 s.; Asztrik VÁRSZEGIOSB, Die Geschichte der Ungarischen Benediktine- rkongregation von 1916 bis 1996, II., pp. 372 s.
Vol III. – Catalogus (senza sommari). * * *
Rilevante dal punto di vista storiografico è anche l’opera: Paradisum plantavit: Bencés monostorok a középkori Magyarországon [Benedictine Monasteries in Medieval Hungary],
a cura di Imre TAKÁCS, Pannonhalma 2001. Catalogo della Mostra a Pannonhalma, nel 2001,
in ungherese ed in inglese. Questi i sommari della parte inglese (Contributi con note):
Asztrik VÁRSZEGIOSB, Introduction, pp. 568-572. – I. Antecedents and Beginnings: Béla
Miklós SZO˝KE, Mosaburg/Zalavár During the Carolingian Period, pp. 573-580; Kornél
SZOVÁK, The Early Centuries of Benedictine Monasticism in Hungary, pp. 580-588; Szilve-
szter SÓLYMOSOSB, The First Benedictine Monks in Hungary, pp. 588-597. – II. Culture and
Writing in the Monasteries: Miksa BÁNHEGYIOSB, Hungarian Benedictine Libraries in the
Middle Ages, pp. 598-601; Kornél SZOVÁK, “...Sub testimonio litterali eiusdem conventus...
Benedictine Places of Authentication (Loca Credibilia) in Medieval Hungary”, pp. 601-613.
– III. Art and Everyday Life: Zsuzsa LOVAG, The Monastic Workshops of the Hungarian
Benedictine Order, pp. 614-615; Nebojsa STANOJEV, The Byzantine Icons of the Monastery
of St. George at Dombó, p. 616; András VÉGH, Árpád Period Floor Tiles from Bakonybél,
pp. 617-622. – IV. The Ornaments of the Church: Zsombor JÉKELY, Medieval Wall Paintings
at Ják and Garamszentbenedek, pp. 623-624; Imre TAKÁCS, The Church at Garamszentbe-
nedek and its Liturgical Fittings, pp. 625-636. – V. Architectural Remains: Sándor TÓTH,
Benedictine Churches in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries, pp. 637-650; Erno˝ MAROSI,
Benedictine Building Activity in the Thirteenth Century, pp. 651-658; Szilárd PAPP, Bene-
dictine Reform and Architecture in Hungary in the Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries: Pannonhalma and Somogyvár, pp. 658-670. – The Buildings: Pannonhalma, pp. 671-673; Zalavár, pp. 673-676; Tihany, pp. 677-678; Szekszárd, pp. 678-679; The Benedictine Nunnery of Esztergom-Island, pp. 679-681; Somogyvár, pp. 681-683; Zselicszentjakab, pp. 683-686; Dombó, pp. 686-690; Sárvármonostor, pp. 690-692; Földvár, pp. 692-693; Jásd, p. 693; Rudina, pp. 693-695; Madocs, pp. 695-696; Ercsi, pp. 696-697; Szermonostor, pp. 697-700; Vértesszentkereszt, pp. 700-703; Kolozsmonostor, pp. 703-704; Ják, pp. 704-
707; Levente F. HERVAYO.Cist., Benedictine Life in Medieval Hungary, pp. 711-718.
* * *
Un punto nodale sugli studi monastici è stato il convegno promosso presso l’Università Cattolica a Budapest-Piliscsaba nel 2010. Gli atti sono stati pubblicati in ungherese con
sommari in inglese: Örökség és küldetés. Bencések Magyarországon, a cura di Pál Attila ILLÉS
e Albin JUHÁSZ-LACZIK(Collana Mu˝velo˝déstörténeti Mu˝hely – Rendtörténeti Konferenciák,
7), Piliscsaba-Budapest 2012, voll. I-II44. Questi i sommari in inglese:
44Nella collana sono usciti i materiali dei convegni sugli Ordini religiosi in Ungheria. Sono pub- blicati i seguenti volumi (in parentesi l’anno del convegno): 1. Francescani nel 2005 (2002), 2. Dome-
nicani nel 2007 (2003), 3. Gesuiti nel 2006 (2004), 4. Cisterciensi nel 2009 (2005), 5. Paolini OSPPE nel 2007 (2006), 6. Scolopi nel 2010 (2007).
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Vol. I. – Benedictine Spirituality: András SZENNAY OSB, Wandering Towards Perfec-
tion..., pp. 13-19; Gergely BAKOSOSB, Whither Monasticism? On the Monastic Vocation and
Interreligious Dialogus as a Spiritual Discipline in a Multicultural Age, pp. 20-30; Rózsa VERESS(Sándorné SOÓS), With the Joy of the Same Spirit: From the History of the Connec-
tions Between the Benedictine and Franciscan Orders, pp. 31-41; Anna FARMATI SSS, How
Benedictine Spirituality Went on Living Among the Sisters of Social Service Owing to the Spiritual Guidance Provided by Engelbert Mázy, OSB (1865-1933), pp. 42-50. – Benedictines in medieval Hungary: László KOSZTA, Benedictine Monasticism at the Beginning of a New
Are. Debates of Ecclesiastical Policy at the Turn of the 11th and 12th centuries, pp. 53-99;
Kálmán MAGYAR, The Sources of Historical and Archaeological Research of the Medieval
Churches of the Benedictine Order in Somogy County, pp. 100-150; László SOLYMOSI, Inve-
stigating a Mistake. The Legend of King Saint Ladislaus’s Burial in Somogyvár, pp. 151-171;
Gábor KISS - Balázs ZÁGORHIDI CZIGÁNY, The Foundation of the Benedictine Abbey in
Küszén and the Early Possessions of the Héder Family in Vas County, pp. 172-180; György
RÁCZ, Is the Most Ancient Paper-Charter of Hungary Kept in Pannonhalma?, pp. 181-188;
Kálmán MAGYAR, A Unique Benedictine Abbey from the Period of the Árpád Dynasty on the
Great Hungarian Plains in the Northeast in Nagyecsed-Sárvár Based on the Study of the Latest Historical and Archeological Sources, pp. 189-218; Áron KELEMENOSB, Mellicense et Justi-
nense – Liturgy and Discipline. The Origin of Máté Tolnai’s Breviary of 1506, pp. 219-235.
– Benedictines in Hungary 16-19. Centuries: Antal MOLNÁR, The Benedictines of Ragusa in
South-Hungary Under Turkish Rule (1587-1612) (source in Latin), pp. 329-256; Dániel
BÁRTH, Sacra Arca Benedictionum (1697). Benedictine Benedictions in Hungary in the 17thand
18thCenturies, pp. 257-276; Tamás D
ÉNESI, The Transdanubian Itinerary of an Augustinian
Friar from Léka from 1783 (sources in Latin), pp. 277-311; Imre B. GÉRECZ OSB, « ...An Easy Entrance Shall not be Granted Him... » The History of Receiving Novices in the Bene- dictines Order in the 19thand 20thCenturies, Especially Focusing on the Period Between 1880
and 1899, pp. 312-365. – Benedictine Abbeys, Superiorats: Zoltán BOROS, The Abbey of
Dömölk Between 1802 and 1950, pp. 369-384; Attila Pál ILLÉS, The Benedictine Monastery
of Komárom (Komárno) Between the Two World Wars, pp. 385-398; Ágoston BARKÓOSB,
Benedictines Serving the Cultural Life of Gyo˝r in the 20thcentury, pp. 399-415. – Benedictine
Prelates: Elréd BORIÁNOSB, The Portrait of Placid Lendvay (1650-169). Lights and Shades in the Baroque Universe of the Benedictines, pp. 419-436; Barnabás SZEKÉR, Benedek Sajghó
Participating in the Diet of 1722-1723, pp. 437-455; Csaba FAZEKAS, The Notes of the Archab-
bot of Pannonhalma, Mihály Rimely from the Period of the First Hungarian Revolutionary Parliament, pp. 456-478; Balázs CSÍKY, Kolos Vaszary and Jusztinián Serédi Benedictines
Prince-Primates: Comparisons and Contrasts, pp. 479-552; Asztrik VÁRSZEGI OSB, Norbert
Legányi Archabbot of Pannonhalma (1906-1987), pp. 553-560; Balázs RÉTFALVI, The
Appointment of Archabbot Pál Sárközy, pp. 561-572.
Vol. II. – Benedictines Under der Pressure of the Communist Dictatorship: István BANDI,
Benedictines Under the Pressure of the Communist Dictatorship. Aurél Pálfy’s Activity and Sentence, pp. 575-600; Béla SZALAI, Pannonhalma During the Revolution of 1956, pp. 601-
614; Tamás BORBÉLY, The Imprisonment of Dávid Söveges, a Benedictine Monk, pp. 615-639;
Viktor Attila SOÓS, The Fifth Anniversary of the Revolution of 1956 in Pannonhalma and its
Consequences, pp. 640-668; Csaba SZABÓ, An Addition to the History of the Benedictines in
Hungary During the Period of the Once Existed Socialism, pp. 669-683. – Benedictins scho- lars: Mihály KRÁNITZ, The Contribution of Hungarian Benedictine Theologians to the Deve- lopment of Fundamental Theology, pp. 687-705; Csaba Máté SARNYAI, History of Religions
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in Christin Ethical Dimension. Flóris Kühár, OSB: Universal History of Religions, pp. 706-
725; Antal HIRKAOSB, The Scholarly Activity of Benedictine Teachers of Mathematics and
Physics in the 20th Century, pp. 726-734; Csaba S
ZILÁGYI, László Erdélyi: The History of
Hungary. The History of Culture and State. The Scholarly Activity of a Benedictine Monk,
pp. 735-750. – Benedictins Arts: Béla Zsolt SZAKÁCS, Benedictine Monasteries in Romanesque
Hungary: Periods and Regions, pp. 753-763; Terézia KERNY, « Solus virgo virginem agnoscit. »
Additions to the Iconography of Blessed Mór and Saint Emeric from the 14th century to the
19th Century, pp. 764-784; Lukács Á
MENTOSB, Gregorian Chant in the Hungarian Bene-
dictine Congregation in the Baroque Period, pp. 785-791; László N. SZELESTEI, A Sequence
of Emblems in Poems by Imre Mákóczy and Anzelm Maracskó Saluting Archabbot Benedek Sajghó, pp. 792-802; Ibolya MACZÁK, A New Hungarian Sion. Leopold Somogy’s Sermon on
the Benedictines in Hungary, pp. 803-808; Éva HEGEDU˝S, Carmen Miserabile. – The Com-
positional Background, Fate, Ideas and Plot of a Novel in Draft by Elemér Lovas, pp. 809-823.
– Benedictine Education: Miklós FABER, The History of the Benedictine Alumni Association,
pp. 827-842; Szilvia KOMJÁTI, Teachers and Pupils in the Benedictine Secondary School of
Komárom in the 19thCentury, pp. 843-857; Eszter B
UBERNIK, The History and Development
of Coeducation in Our Time. Changes in the Life of the Czuczor Gergely Benedictine Secon- dary Boarding School, pp. 858-880. – Benedictine Collections: Anikó DUDÁS, Benedictines
Name Elements in Library Research Tools, pp. 883-903; Sándor HORVÁTH, A Protracted
Baroque Period with the Benedictines. The Benedictine Library of Dömölk at the End of the 18thCentury, pp. 904-940; Márton G
YÖNGYÖSSY, The Collection of Medals in the Benedictine
Archabbey of Pannonhalma, pp. 941-946; Melinda BOGDÁN, « Exposed to One’s Eyes... »
About the Photographic Collection of the Archabbey of Pannonhalma, pp. 947-954; Emese ZSOLDOS, Imaging and Photo-Vision – On the Photographs of a Benedictine Monk, Gergely
Palatin (1851-1927), pp. 955-962; Gyula PERGER, « I Think All Will Go Quit Smoothly... »
The Documents of the Secularization of the Benedictine Flóris Rómer Museum in Gyo˝r,
pp. 963-1008. – Benedictine Economy: Noémi Gyöngyvér SZABÓ, Benedictines (Financial)
Administration in the Late Middle Ages: The Case of Garamszentbenedek, pp. 1011-1046;
Éva Mária FÜLÖP, The Economic Steering Organs of the Orders Governing System in the
Economy of the Hungarian Benedictine Congregation in the 19thand 20thCenturies. The Role
of Economy (res oeconomica) in the Meetings of the Order, pp. 1047-1062; András LICHT- NECKERT, A Working « Plant »: The Balatonfüred Medicinal Bath Owned by the Benedictines
(1836-1855), pp. 1063-1095; Imola GEBAUER, The Ups and Downs of the Villa in Balaton- füred Belonging to the Abbot and Archbishop Kolos Vaszary, pp. 1096-1123; Hubert KEREKES
OSB, The Construction of the Gyo˝r-Veszprém-Dombóvári Local Railway Line and its First Decade, pp. 1124-1136; Cirill HORTOBÁGYIT. OSB, Modern Models of Benedictine Economy,
pp. 1137-1148. – Benedictine History of Law: Katalin Renáta ERO˝SSSND, Benedictine Indul-
gences in the Middle Ages in Hungary (Sources in Latin), pp. 1151-1168; Adrienn TENGELY, The Election of the Archabbot During the Period Following the First World War, pp. 1169-
1181; Albin JUHÁSZ-LACZIKOSB, A Modern History of the Statues of the Hungarian Bene-
dictine Congregation, pp. 1182-1193. – Indexes. * * *
Infine, occorre menzionare l’ampia bibliografia sui monasteri medievali estinti, di grande interesse per gli storici e gli archeologi.
A titolo di esempio, è rilevante una recente pubblicazione sull’abbazia di Garamszen-
tbenedek (Hronsky Benádik in Slovacchia): Kristóf KEGLEVICH, A garamszentbenedeki
apátság története az Árpád- és az Anjou-korban: 1075-1403 [Storia dell’Abbazia di Garams-
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zentbenedek 1075-1403], Szeged 2012. La monografia è accompagnata dall’edizione di fonti a cura del medesimo autore: A garamszentbenedeki apátság története 13. és 14. századi oklevelei: 1225-1403 [Storia e diplomi dell’Abbazia di Garamszentbenedek: 1225-1403], Szeged 2014, con testo in ungherese e documenti in latino.
Per un esame critico sulle ricerche in Ungheria si veda invece Béla Zsolt SZAKÁCS, The
Research on Romanesque Architecture in Hungary: A Critical Overview of the Last Twenty Years, in « Arte Medievale », Nuova serie, Anno IV (2005), N. 2, pp. 31-44. Sommario in italiano sulla pagina 44.