2017
Publication Year
2020-08-28T12:21:15Z
Acceptance in OA@INAF
On the ages of resonant, eroded and fossil asteroid families
Title
þÿMilani, Andrea; Kne~evi, Zoran; Spoto, Federica; CELLINO, Alberto; Novakovi,
Bojan; et al.
Authors
10.1016/j.icarus.2016.12.030
DOI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/26948
Handle
ICARUS
Journal
288
Number
arXiv:1607.01998v1
[astro-p
h.EP] 7 Jul 2016
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0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
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0.3
Proper sine of inclination
Proper eccentricity
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3.94
3.945
3.95
3.955
3.96
3.965
3.97
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
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Proper semiamjor axis (au)
Proper eccentricity
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0
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de
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da/dt
(1911) Schubart
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01+*!-0.16
0
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Family 1911
proper e
1/diameter (1/km)
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0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Hypothetical family of (153) Hilda
proper e
1/diameter (1/km)
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0
1000
2000
3000
0
50
100
150
Number of objects
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0
500
1000
0
50
100
150
Number of objects
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0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
Proper sine of inclination
Proper eccentricity
red=core; green=added; yellow=step 2; black=backgr.; blue=reson.
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0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Sine of proper inclination
Proper eccentricity
The Griqua region and family 11097 (in red)
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0
50
100
0
50
100
150
200
Number of objects
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W*/(+*$.-*+7+*-$.4 -!* $.,*+#* #'(7*#(/ -!* X5#!&7* &# 0*+*# (/ &4*2 1* .**6 -( 7*+/(+0 & &'$)+&-$(. (/ -!* ^&+<(,#<" *S* - -&<$.4 #7* $V &''" $.-( & (3.- -!* 6".&0$ &' *.,$+(.0*.- (/ -!* /&0$'"= Y(+ -!$# 73+7(#* 1* !&,* 7*+/(+0*6 & .30*+$ &' $.-*4+&-$(. /(+ ED C"2 1$-! $..*+ 7'&.*-# $. '36*62 /(+ ;DD '(.*#(/ BIF L#-+&*&= M!* +$4!-!&.6 #$6* (/-!* *_3&-$(.# (/0(-$(.$. '36*6^&+<(,#<"& *'*+&-$(.# (++*#7(.6$.42/(+& .(.5+*#(.&.-()`* -#2 -(,&'3*# (/#* 3'&+ )'#)*$.-!* +&.4* !G&H"ED
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2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.6
2.61
0
0.5
1
1.5
Family 5
proper a (au)
1/diameter (1/km)
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!"#$% $&'( )*+$$' $&' !',-*$ "( ."/-!' 01 2"$& $&' 3$ $+ 4 *"(' 2&" & &4, ,*+)' 0 6678 9(+$&'! 2+! ,: !" !# ;$ %&<=0 667 !" !# ;'$ < >
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F' 4( $&'!'#+!' +( *- ' +( $&' 4/' 4, !')+!$' "( G4E*' 7: HHI!06J #+! $&' 9K ," '% 4( H0I!I7 #+! LMG% "( NC> $&' 4/' +# #4?"*C O ", +* % E-$ #4!#!+?4( "'($%4( !')!','($,4(+$&'! B'!C/++ 'P4?)*'+# !4$'!"(/% ,"/("3 4($*C C+-(/'!$&4( Q',$48
-0.004
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
-0.004
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
da
p
/dt (measured)
da/dt (given)
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
)*% +,-.%+ -/ 0*% 12+*3.% -/ /34!,5 &6'7 3$% 8 &99!8 8': -; 0*% <= +!>% 3;> 8 &9'!8 8'? -;0*% @A)+!>%B 0*#+ 0*% C3,#% -D03!;%>/-$ /34!,5E7E!4.,!%+ 0*30 0*% 0F-/34!,!%+3$%;-0/$-40*%+34% -,,!+!-;B0*#+ -;H$4!;"0*% *-! %43>%!;I3.%$<1 -/;-04%$"!;"0*%+%0F-J
2.7
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Family 110
proper a (au)
1/diameter (1/km)
110
363
!"#$% &'( !"#$%& '( )#& ($*+,- '( ./0/1 2$34$5 6')& )#$) .7781 9-3+$ +" $,"' $6 '4),+&:+6 )#& ",'%& ;)< '6;:*+6> +)" &? ,4"+'6 (:'* )#& ',,+"+'6$,($*+,- @-%#-"+ $,%:'%&:)+&"A
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
F,"$. &/+6.&"+-!1 "#$ &:$% .$4-."$* +! K&6/$ B +!*+ &"$ & ,&'+/) &" "#$ /-($!* -, "#$ L-/*M .&!:$N ?BO PC ,-. "#$ Q1 &!* ?>A OB ,-. "#$ RSK
)!*%+,-%./$"%$*/.#%012$02%$ 34%-/*%2%$10$5%6,-%&789+#5%$! /.!+,%"$/,!0+ 4!,-/506%.!+ .#6!+",-!;,!5%0+.9,-%0#,%$2./+%,;<
,/-1)521 0!-1 , /,32# - 3#*%,%- 67879 )%-,!%!%2 , *5 1 , :;< )4 -1# 4,*!/' =)/5*#> ! ! "#$ %&' $)*+& ,&-.)/ ?1# 4,*!/' )4 6@A;9 B,3 #/)%, 1, ,.)5- C 7 )4 -1# *#*.#3 6-1# +)3D -!)% )4 -1# 4,*!/' 0!-1 +3)+#3 ! " E#C79 -3)%2/' ,F# -#" .' -1# 3# )%,% # .#-0##%-1# +#3!1#/!)%+3# # !)%)4-1# , -#3)!"$ ,%"-1# )%#)4 G5+!-#3$ $ 0!-1 $!$ %C ,3 # H'> I%)-1#3 5%!"#%-!J#"%)%/!%#,3 # 5/,3 3# )%,% # ! ,/ )3#/#=,%-4)3 -1# "'%,*! )4 *) - *#*.#3 >
2.59
0
2.6
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Family 945
proper a (au)
1/diameter (1/km)
!"#$% &'( !"#$%&"& '#$()*" +, -(" ,).%/0 +, 12345 6)7 "/+!)9 :(" ;)* +! -(" 7%;(-< =("7" -(" ,).%/0 -"7.%!)-"$ +! -(" >: $%&"< +77"$*+!&$ -+ -(" ?? 3 @ 7"$+!)! " )- ! A"B329 ?1# 4,*!/' ! .)5%" )% -1# KL? !"# .' -1# MM A *#,% 3# )%,% # 0!-1 G5+!-#3$ -15 !- ND 1,+# 6O!253# MA9 1, )%/' -1# PQ !"#> ?1# PQ !"#J-. +-. 34
5* #/6-)#+-.11-#. (#7.1+-*,3/+)*- ., ., 8-.' #/#7 !" #9$ %&:% /#' #/,3 8* .+!* . '(*#-3 #7 '(* *0#,+' #/ +/$*- ;.-<#0!<3 *=* ' 1,+! '&# #0*-,.11 /" !* +,.- -*!#/./ *! ! #+' #7 '(* ! #1* #7 '(* 1-*!*/' 1.1*-% 8+' .! '.,!#.11*.-!*> **$ /",3$ Æ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
R+- ,.!! 6 .' #/ #/'. /! . $3/.) ., 7.) ,3 COE% & '( EDS )*)8*-!4 T#&*0*-% '(*7.) ,3/.)*!.<*9COE:U-#</*(.!.,8*$#D(DKJ D(DCK95VIW: '(+! '$#*!/#' 8*,#/" '#'(* 7.) ,3%&( (% .7'*--*)#0., #7 )*)8*-! & '( .,8*$# ) D(DS ./$ * D(JK% (.! . )*./ .,8*$# D(CEK D(DAP 4 @(* ,#& .,8*$# #7 9COE: (.! 8**/ #/6-)*$ & '( -* */' 1#,.- )*'- )*.!+-*)*/'! 83 X*0#"*,* *'.,49JDCB:4
Y7'*- '(* -*)#0., #7 !+ ( .,.-"* /'*-,#1*-% 9BSB: Z*-!+ /$ -*). /! '(* ,#&*!'/+)8*-*$)*)8*-%& '(.,8*$#D(CEJ D(DAP%'(+!'(*7.) ,3(.!'#8* .,,*$7.) ,3BSB[&*.11, *$'( ! (./"* /'(*'.8,*!%!'.-' /"7-#)@.8,*K4 Y 7.) ,3 #7 9BSB: Z*-!+ /$% & '(#+' 9COE:% (.$ .,-*.$3 8**/ 1-#1#!*$ 83 \#0.<#0 ] *'.,49JDCC:4 Y!.7#-* )*/' #/*$% '( ! 7.) ,3 ! #/,31.-' .,,3 .=* '*$ 83 '(* +!+B! ,K^,B/#/, /*.- !* +,.- -*!#/./ *% & '( #/,3!#)* CEQ #7 )*)8*-! / '(* R_@! $*(.0 /"'(* #--*!1#/$ /"7-*`+*/ 3"+!+B!,K^,B")D(K.- !* G34 @(*aF!(.1*#7'(*7.) ,3BSB9b "+-*CK:%& '(9COE:./$#'(*-)*)8*-! & '( / #)1.' 8,* .,8*$# -*)#0*$% !' ,, -*!+,'! /. 1##-6' 7#- '(* V\ ! $*% & '(C"& c!D(KBO D(AJJ%8+' /.8*''*-#/*7#-'(*R_@! $*D(KAE D(CAS4 Y7'*- ., 8-.' #/% &( ( 3 *,$*$ -*"-*!! #/ , /*!,#1* #7 C4DDA% '(* *!' ).'*$ ."*! .-* CEOD SEA ./$ CEAB EBO L3% & '( '(* R_@ 0.,+* )+ ( )#-* ! "/ 6 ./'4
2.52
0
2.54
2.56
2.58
2.6
2.62
2.64
2.66
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Family 686
proper a (au)
1/diameter (1/km)
194
686
1609
31402
27496
!"#$% &'( !"#$%& '( )#& ($*+,- '( ./0/1 2&3"4+567 8#& $")&3'+6" *$39&6 :+)# $ 3&6 +3 ,& $3& +5)&3,'%&3" 6+" $36&6 <- $,<&6'= )#& '5&" :+)# $ <,$ 9 +3 ,& $3& 3&*'>&6 (3'* )#&?) $"'4),+&3"7
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
3.03
0
3.035
3.04
3.045
3.05
3.055
3.06
3.065
3.07
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Family 283
proper a (au)
1/diameter (1/km)
!"#$% &'( !"#$%& '( )#& ($*+,- '( ./012 3**$4 )#& )5' ",'%&" $6& '")&7"+8,-9+:&6&7); <')& )#$) )#& ($*+,- +" '( 6$)&6+7> )-%&? )#@" )#& %$6&7) 8'9- ./012 3**$+"&A ,@9&9(6'*)#&B).*$6C&95+)#6&9 +6 ,&2?$"5&,,$"(6'* $,+86$)+'7;
!"#$ &'()$&"(*+ ,#$!*$-#. *+ "/# 0# *+. '&$1#0" !&-('2 -#-)#$ 3456478 9#$(*'( 3$#1$#00(*+ '(+# 0'*,# 7:;7;8< "/# &1# #0"(-&"#0 &$# 56; => *+ ?@ 0(.#< &+. =5A 54B C2 *+ "/# DEF 0(.#: F/# !&-('2 (0 *! $&"#$(+1 "2,#G &00H-(+1 0&-# &')#.* !*$ &''< "/# I*'H-# *! "/# !&-('2 -#-)#$0 J("/*H" 35A48 (0&)*H" 6K *!"/# "*"&': F/H0 "/# * H$#+ # *!"J* 0#,&$&"# $&"#$(+1 #I#+"0(0&$#&0*+&)'#/2,*"/#0(0<J/( /(0 *+0(0"#+"J("/&.*H)'#L#"0/&,# &0 0/*J+ (+ "/# ,$*,#$ 3 !0(+"8,$*L# "(*+:
!"! #$% &$' )%) *)+,-.
F/#!&-('2*!35M8N/* &#&/&0&*+#O0(.#.PO0/&,#(+"/#3 !7#$8,'&+# 39(1H$#7>8< J("/ 35M8&" "/#/(1/ #+.: F/# -(00(+1,&$" *!"/# PO0/&,#(0 .H# "* "/# $#0*+&+ #0 )*$.#$(+1"/# 0"&)'# $#1(*+< (+ 'H.(+1 "/# 4#7 Q: F/# $#1(*+ *+"&(+0&)*H"B!;;;&0"#$*(.0<J/('#"/#.2+&-( &'!&-('25M *+"&(+0
2.25
0
2.3
2.35
2.4
2.45
0.5
1
1.5
Family 25
proper a (au)
1/diameter (1/km)
!"#$%&'( !"#$%& '()#&($*+,-'( ./012#' $&$4 5#& +6 ,&7 6'""+".8/91 :#+ # +" $;'<),+&6('6)#& !"#$%&=) $":&,,$" $;+;)&,'%&6>& $<"& '( +)",':$,>&7'4
!"#$ %&' ( )*+,+-)*., /)0+10+,+!), 2,.3,)0. ).0+ 5*/)*6/,)/! )/7+ !.89 3+06+!,/)# /!,/6+)*+ ,)23/"/)# 0+:/ !; <*+ =):/7+,$!" > &#%?$!&#&%?;
<*+ !"# 10 3"+85/)* )*+ ,*21+ ( )*+ (28/"# 2, ,* 5! /! @/:.0+ $?/, )*2))*+0+/, 37/ .,"#2"2 A ((28/"#8+83+0, !+20)*+72".+ (10 1+0$ ( BC'D E* +2-5*/ * .0, 3+( 0+)*+*/:* $+!6 ()*+ ,)23/"/)# 0+:/ !; <*/, 8/:*)3+/!)+010+)+62,2FGHE/!6. +6 +!)02":21BE2 "/ */ 2!6 I!+JK+7/L -C&$MD;
$!N ()*+ (28/"# 8+83+0, 20+ 2O+ )+6 3# 2 ! !"/!+20,+ ."20 0+, !2! +P )*+# *27+ "% & % Q& " ' &#' 20 ,+ R#; <*/, (02 )/ ! /, 0+"+72!) ( 0 )*+ 2:+ 81.)2)/ !3+ 2.,+/)82# 2O+ ))*+ ,/6+ ()*+ S9,*21+-)*.,5+!++6 2"/302)/ !- 5*/ * *2, 3++! 6 !+ /! )*+ ,28+ 52# 3# .,/!: " !+, ( BNCND T0. /2B5*/ */," A+6 /!)*+ 0+, !2! +D-3.) !"#5/)* !+:2)/7+F20A 7,A# 60/() /! 10 1+0 $; <*+ ," 1+ ( )*+ ($!()B* +"D 5/)* 0+,1+ ) ) )*+ !+ .),/6+ )*+ 0+, !2! + 52,( .!6 ) 3+&#U??- )*., ! + 8 0+ )*+ 2"/302)/ !
(#2234 526 789&$&$ ("$%:&;(/8 & !, ($1%!%+" %",;($!/!18($%,! * " ($ <&=",
! "##$%&'(# )(*+'+$,
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
!"! #$% &'%()* +*,-./
.+" :&;(/8 !: C2MND G "!$& +&# & =" */(&, #+&=" ($ %+" =,!=", 9 2!" =/&$" @+( +&=="&,# (I","$% :,!;%+" #%&$ &, EO#+&="- .+"," &=="&,# %! 0"& !;;!$EO#+&=":!,&$&,,!@,&$1"!:B&/*"#9,!*1+/8J#P5$ $J#4Q9 @+(/" %+" =!,%(!$ !: %+" :&;(/8 :!, J#N4 $ $ J#PJ (# ;* + /"## "$#" &$ !"# $!% &=="&, %! 0" "/(;(%" 08 %+" ;&($
EO#+&="-.+"+(#%!1,&;!:$*;0", "$#(%8&#&:*$ %(!$!:=,!=", C#""R(1*,"26D #+!@# & #+&,= " /($"!: 8$&;( &/:&;(/8 ;";0",#+(= ($%+" ,"1(!$ @(%+ 0"/!@ %+" %+,"" 5O0! 8 ,"#!$&$ "#9 MSO5LO2G &% ! J#PJ59 JSTJLO2G &%
!J#P2N CL;(,$!B&$ L+"B +"$'! CJQ25DD9&$ &$!%+", $!% ( "$%(K" !$" &% !J#P23
&*-.+(# !;=/"H#%,* %*," &$ +&B" (I","$% ($%",=,"%&%(!$#U %+" =!,%(!$ !: %+" 8$&;( &/ :&;(/8 :!, $ J#P2N !*/ 0" &$!%+",9 #;&//", :&;(/8 @(%+ /!@",$*;0", "$#(%8- .+" #&;" =!,%(!$ !*/ &/#!0" & !$%($*&%(!$ !: %+" :&;(/8!: C2MNDG "!$&@(%+ " ,"&#" $*;0", "$#(%89#($ " &/&,1":,& %(!$ !: ;";0",# !*/ +&B" 0""$ ,";!B" 08 %+" ,"#!$&$ "#U %+"$ %+" /&,1"#% ;";0",# ($ %+" /!@ ,"1(!$ #+!*/ 0"
($%",/!=",#-.+"," (#9 +!@"B",9 & ",%&($ ($ ( &%(!$ :,!; =+8#( &/ !0#",B&%(!$#U %+" 8$&;( &/ :&;(/8 !$%&($# ;!#%/8 &,' &#%",!( # O 6MV @(%+ W>LF &/0" !
2.58
0
2.6
2.62
2.64
2.66
2.68
2.7
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Family 145
proper a (au)
1/diameter (1/km)
!"#$%&'( !"#$%&"&'#$()*" +,-(",).%/0+, 123456&"+!)7 8(" :+$$"$ ;%-(:"& %: /"$ +::"$*+!&-+%!-":/+*":$<)$"&+!*(0$% )/+<$":=)-%+!$+,"%-(":)/<"&+ +: +/+:%!&% "$>-("+!"$;%-(</) ? %: /"$):"+@-/%":$:".+="&,:+.-("'#$()*"A-7 8(" +/+:"&/%!"$:"*:"$"!- %!-":."&%)-" $-"*$%!-("A-B&@"-+ )/):C"!@.<":+, +@-/%":$ <"%!C :".+="& %!$"=":)/ %-":)-%+!$7
!!"#$%&'()#$*%)+,-.)+/0 1&)2*)3.,'$*)45+-2.-( -7.'+'%$8),9,'+5) 7)7:)+/ (-+" ;!<; '2 -*%'$*/ '('$+(+' %$-*-( $*%)+,-.)+/= &'+' %)+$>)4 )$%&)+ :9 ',:)4- # !! -+ :9 %&) -,-+ $*4)3 " # ?/)) %&) $+ ,)4 +-//)/ $* @$52+)!AB0
C(#)D2/%E%%&)4'%'%-'F"/&'.)#$%&%&)CG/$4)-*,9=#)5)%'*$*8)+/) /,-.) !$% H !IJK! ! LA0 M/ /&-#* $* @$52+)!A= %&) *27:)+-( -2%,$)+/ +)7-8)4 %- -:%'$* %&$/ E% $/ /2:/%'*%$',= -* %-. -( %&) $*%)+,-.)+/ +)7-8)4 :9 .&9/$ ',-:/)+8'%$-*/0 1&),' N -(%&) OP1/$4) '* :)42) %-%&)/%+-*5 A$QR+)/-*'* ) '%"";!K I'2#&)+)%&) ('7$,9':+2.%,9)*4/2.0 1&2/%&) '5) '* :) )/%$7'%)4 '/KJI!!JI S90 M/4$/ 2//)4 $* T) %$-*L= %&$/ +)/2,% *))4/ %- :) -*E+7)4 :9 /&-#$*5 %&'% %- 4$/ '+4 %&'% 7'*9 4'%' .-$*%/ $/
2.56
0
2.58
2.6
2.62
2.64
2.66
2.68
2.7
2.72
2.74
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
145
4J−3S−1A
2J+2S−1A
proper semiamjor axis, au
Adeona family
!"#$% &'( !"#$%&'( $) *&$*+& )$& #,+ )'(!-. $) /0123 45+$6'7 8,+ &+%!$6 $) ,!%,+&69(:+&5+6"!#.&'6%+")&$(':$9#;!<;#$;!=>? '65 $6#'!6"/012345+$6' !#"+-)?('&A+5 :.#,+&+5 -!6+7 8,+&+%!$6$) -$B+&69(:+&5+6"!#. $&&+"*$65" #$ C'-9+"$) :+-$B#,+#,&++ &+"$6'6 +"('&A+5:.#,+%&++6 -!6+"7
!"#$%&'(
! "#$%&'()*+,(- )%$)$ +. .(/*-*%$
)"'&" +$,&'$-./0&+123!+ /00+3/ 4#3/"#&+3$'5/6$78/-/78"$"$",/"&' 3- !"$-9 #4& 0+30&+ &7&6&-#" '/#/ %+"# #3 $'&-#$58 #4& 5/6$7$&"2#4&- /''$-9 #4& /,"37!#& 6/9-$#!'& '/#/ :;$#4 3607&6&-#/+8 $-53+6/#$3- 5+36 #4& "#/#$"#$ " 35#4& /7,&'3'/#/ $-&/ 4 5/6$78<#3&"#$6/#&/9&"2 #4&- !"& 3#4&+ /=/$7/,7&048"$ /7'/#/ #3+&%-& +&"!7#"2 &(9(2 $'&-#$58$-9 3607&> 5/6$7&" ;$#4 63+& #4/-3-& 377$"$3-/-' $-#&+730&+" ;4$ 4 /-'&#&+$3+/#& "36& /9& &"#$6/#&"( ?3;&=&+2 $-6/-8 /"&" ;& '3 -3# 4/=& &-3!94 048"$ /7 '/#/ #3 "37=&0+3,7&6( @4!";&'$" !""$-#4&53773;$-9"&=&+/730&-0+3,7&6"53+
