Trieste, da confine-muro a confine-ponte

&RPHVFULYHYDLOJHRJUDIRWULHVWLQR*LRUJLR9DOXVVL

ODSULPDIXQ]LRQHGLRJQLFRQÀQHSROLWLFRqTXHOODGLOLPLWDUHVSD]LDOPHQWHO·HVHUFL]LR della sovranità di uno stato. In secondo luogo esso media il contatto fra due stati, VLDFRPHOLQHDGLGLIHVDFKHFRPHWUDPLWHSHUJOLVFDPELHFRQRPLFLHFXOWXUDOL1_. $ 7ULHVWH TXHVWD OLQHD DWWUDYHUVD JOL XRPLQL ROWUH FKH OH WHUUH VYROJHQGR DOWHUQDWLYDPHQWHHLQVLHPHODIXQ]LRQHGLXQPXURHGLXQSRQWH,OFRQÀQH qLQIDWWLDOWHPSRVWHVVROXRJRGLVHSDUD]LRQHGLVFRQWURGLIUL]LRQHHTXLQGL ¶PXUR·HOXRJRGLLQFRQWURGLFRQWDPLQD]LRQHGLUHOD]LRQHHTXLQGL¶SRQWH· 1RQqXQFDVRVHQHOODVWRULDLFRQÀQLFRLQFLGRQRVSHVVRFRQLÀXPLSHUYLD GHOODGLIHQGLELOLWjPDDOWHPSRVWHVVRGHOODSRVVLELOLWjGLDWWUDYHUVDPHQWRGHJOL VWHVVLQHVVXQFRQÀQHqPDLVWDWRFRPSOHWDPHQWHLPSHUPHDELOH 7ULHVWHqXQDFLWWj¶GLFRQÀQH·QRQVROWDQWRSHUYLDGLXQ·HYROX]LRQHSROLWLFR PLOLWDUHUHFHQWHFKHKDIDWWRVuFKHODIURQWLHUDGLVWDWRIUD,WDOLDH-XJRVODYLD SULPDHIUD,WDOLDH6ORYHQLDSRLYHQLVVHDFDGHUHDULGRVVRGHOO·DELWDWR7ULHVWH q DO FRQWUDULR XQD FLWWj LQWULQVHFDPHQWH GL FRQÀQH QHOOD TXDOH O·LGHQWLWj H l’alterità compongono un incoerente mosaico che fa della contrapposizione il proprio collante esistenziale. Il triestino non si sente completamente né LWDOLDQRQpVODYRQpDXVWULDFRHFROWLYDLOUDSSRUWRFRQTXHVWLWUHHOHPHQWLLQ PDQLHUDFRPSOHPHQWDUHHFRQÁLWWXDOHDXQWHPSR/RVWHVVRGLDOHWWR²SDUODWR HGLIHVRRUJRJOLRVDPHQWHFRPHHOHPHQWRGLLGHQWLWj²qGLIDWWRXQYHQHWR VWUDFROPRGLWHUPLQLGLRULJLQHVODYDHJHUPDQLFD4XHVWDFKH&ODXGLR0DJULV GHÀQLVFH´LGHQWLWjGLIURQWLHUDµ2HFKHKDSHUPHVVRD-DQ0RUULV3 _{di parlare di}

7ULHVWHFRPHGLXQ´QHVVXQOXRJRµ4qDWXWWLJOLHIIHWWLDQFKHXQD´LGHQWLWjGL

1 GIORGIO VALUSSI, ,OFRQÀQHQRUGRULHQWDOHG·,WDOLD, Trieste, Lint, 1972, p. 11.

  &IU ANGELO ARA e CLAUDIO MAGRIS, 7ULHVWH XQ·LGHQWLWj GL IURQWLHUD, Torino, Einaudi, 

 &IUJAN MORRIS, 7ULHVWHR'HOQHVVXQOXRJR0LODQR,O6DJJLDWRUH 4 ,GHP, p. 12.

7ULHVWHGDFRQÀQHPXURDFRQÀQHSRQWH

FRQWDPLQD]LRQHµQHOODTXDOHODFRPPLVWLRQHFXOWXUDOHqHVVDVWHVVDHOHPHQWR di fortissima caratterizzazione identitaria e di frizione al tempo stesso.

8QLWDGD2WWDYLDQR$XJXVWRDOOD;5HJLRQH,WDOLFD7ULHVWHVLFRVWLWXuQHO 0HGLRHYRFRPH&RPXQHHFRQLOWHPSRDVVXQVHVHPSUHPDJJLRUHDXWRQRPLD ÀQRDGLYHQWDUHLQGLSHQGHQWHQHO3HUWXWWRLOEDVVRPHGLRHYRHO·HWj PRGHUQD IX DVSUD FRQFRUUHQWH FRPPHUFLDOH GL 9HQH]LD FXL FRQWHVH LO FRQWUROORGHOPDUH$GULDWLFR$VVRJJHWWDWDGDOYHQH]LDQR(QULFR'DQGROR VLULEHOOzSLYROWHFHUFDQGRRUDLQ*HQRYDRUDQHLGXFKLG·$XVWULDXQDOOHDWR contro la rivale, arrivando persino a rinunciare alla propria indipendenza (rappresentata dal podestà) per fare atto volontario di dedizione a Leopoldo ,,,G·$XVWULDLQFKLDYHDQWLYHQH]LDQD0DQHDQFKHTXHVWRFRQQXELRULXVFuD GRQDUHSDFHDTXHVWDWHUUDODSRVL]LRQHVWUDWHJLFDGHOVXRSRUWRUDSSUHVHQWDYD XQSHULFRORWURSSRJUDQGHSHULOGRPLQLRYHQH]LDQRGHOPDUHHSHUTXHVWR WUD LO ;,,, H LO ;9,,, VHFROR 9HQH]LD OD DJJUHGu GLYHUVH YROWH FHUFDQGR GL LPSHGLUQHORVYLOXSSRFRPPHUFLDOHOHFRVHFDPELDURQRTXDQGR&DUOR9, G·$XVWULDLVWLWXuD7ULHVWHLOSRUWRIUDQFRGHOO·,PSHURH0DULD7HUHVDHVWHVHOH LPPXQLWjGRJDQDOLDWXWWRLOWHUULWRULRWHUJHVWLQR&RQODFDGXWDGL9HQH]LDLO WUDIÀFRDGULDWLFRVLULYROVHDOODFLWWjHODSRSROD]LRQHFUHEEHGLFLQTXHYROWH LQSRFKLGHFHQQL,OGLYRU]LRGDOO·$XVWULDDYYHQQHGRSRODFRVWLWX]LRQHGHO 5HJQR G·,WDOLD TXDQGR OD ERUJKHVLD FRPPHUFLDOH FLWWDGLQD ² LVSLUDWD GDJOL LGHDOLULVRUJLPHQWDOL²VLPRVWUzVHPSUHSLLQVRIIHUHQWHDOFRQWUROORLPSHULDOH ÀQRDGDFFRJOLHUHLQIHVWDO·DUULYRGHLEHUVDJOLHULLWDOLDQLLOQRYHPEUH Dopo la seconda guerra mondiale il possesso della città di Trieste fu oggetto GLXQWHUULELOHEUDFFLRGLIHUURIUD5RPDH%HOJUDGRFKHGXUzQRYHDQQLFRVWz GLYHUVLPRUWLHVLFRQFOXVHFRQLOULWRUQRGHOODFLWWjDOO·,WDOLDSULYDWDSHUzGHOOD TXDVLWRWDOLWjGHOUHWURWHUUDDVVHJQDWRDOOD-XJRVODYLD

/D VWRULD GL 7ULHVWH q TXLQGL XQD VWRULD WUDYDJOLDWD GRSR OD FDGXWD GHOO·,PSHUR5RPDQRSUDWLFDPHQWHQHVVXQVHFRORqWUDVFRUVRLQSDFHHODFLWWj HLOVXRWHUULWRULRVRQRVWDWLOXRJRGLIUL]LRQHDQFKHPROWRDVSUDIUD$XVWULDH 9HQH]LDSULPDIUD-XJRVODYLDH,WDOLDSRL&RPHqSRVVLELOHXQDWDOHIUL]LRQH SUHVVRFKpXQLFDSHUXQOHPERGLWHUUDDSSDUHQWHPHQWHSRFRVLJQLÀFDWLYR" /DVSLHJD]LRQHqGLFDUDWWHUHJHRJUDÀFR &RPHJLjDFFHQQDWRODUHJLRQHq²SHUVFHOWDGHOODVWRULD²LOOXRJRGLLQFRQWUR IUDWUHGLYHUVLFHSSLFXOWXUDOLLOODWLQRSURYHQLHQWHGDVXGRYHVWLOJHUPDQLFR SURYHQLHQWHGDQRUGHLOFHSSRVODYRSURYHQLHQWHGDHVW4XHVWHWUHGLUHWWULFL VLVRQRHVSDQVHSHUGLIIHUHQWLPRWLYLLQTXHVWHGLUH]LRQLDXQ·DQWLFDSUHVHQ]D latina nella direttrice orientale si è andata sommando una penetrazione JHUPDQLFD LQ FHUFD GL XQR VERFFR VXO 0HGLWHUUDQHR HG XQD GLIIXVLRQH GL

manodopera agricola slava che solo in tempi relativamente recenti ha assunto consapevolezza nazionale5_.

,QXQRVWXGLRVXOFRQÀQHRULHQWDOHLWDOLDQRLOJHRJUDIRWULHVWLQR*LRUJLR 9DOXVVLGHVFULYHOD]RQDFRPHFRPSRVWDGDXQDIDVFLDGLULOLHYLFKHDGLIIHUHQ]D dell’arco alpino, svolge nel complesso una funzione di transizione più che un OLPLWHQHWWR4XHVWDIDVFLDVDUHEEHWXWWDYLDVWDWDSRSRODWDFRQPROWDOHQWH]]D SHUYLDGHOOHÀWWHIRUHVWHHGHOODVFDUVLWjGLULVRUVHLGULFKHULPDQHQGRSHU molti secoli una vasta area di isolamento fra i popoli, che l’attraversavano FRQ IDFLOLWj PD GLIÀFLOPHQWH YL VL IHUPDYDQR SUHIHUHQGR OH IHUWLOL SLDQXUH occidentali6_.

/H $OSL UDSSUHVHQWDQR XQD EDUULHUD QDWXUDOH IUD OH JHQWL PD LQ TXHVWD ]RQDVRQRWDJOLDWHGDDOFXQLLPSRUWDQWLYDOLFKLODVHOODGL&DPSRURVVRQHOOD 9DOFDQDOHSUHVVR7DUYLVLRLO3DVVRG·,GULDHLO3DVVRG·8FFHDVXOOH$OSL*LXOLH HVRSUDWWXWWROD9DOOHGHO9LSDFFR&RPHULFRUGDDQFRUD9DOXVVLqSURSULROD SUHVHQ]DGLTXHVWLYDOLFKLDUHQGHUHVWUDWHJLFRTXHVWRVQRGRVLWUDWWDLQIDWWL GHOORVERFFRQDWXUDOHGLWXWWRLOFHQWUR(XURSDDOPDUHWDQWRFKHLOSRVVHVVRGL HVVLIXO·RELHWWLYRSULQFLSDOHGHOO·,PSHUR*HUPDQLFRHGHO'XFDWRG·$XVWULD $VXGGLTXHVWLYDOLFKLLQIDWWLLOWHUUHQRVLIDDQFRUDSLLQÀGRHLPSHUYLRSHU via della conformazione carsica che rende discontinua ogni linea.

/D GLIIXVLRQH GHL WUH SRSROL VXO WHUULWRULR QRQ q TXLQGL PDL ULXVFLWD D ULVROYHUVL LQ PDQLHUD GHÀQLWLYD VH OD SHQHWUD]LRQH JHUPDQLFD q VWDWD discontinua e periodica, l’elemento latino ha da sempre occupato le città della costa mentre i contadini slavi si sono sparpagliati nell’agro. In uno studio del ORVWRULRJUDIRWULHVWLQR&DUOR6FKLIIUHUVSLHJzFRPHTXHVWDGLIIHUHQ]D GLGLVWULEX]LRQHGHLSRSROLGLSHQGDGDXQGLIIHUHQWHDSSURFFLRFXOWXUDOHFKH DYUHEEHSRLFRQGL]LRQDWROHWHQVLRQLSHULOFRQWUROORGHOODUHJLRQHVHJOLLWDOLDQL sono portati a ritenere che la campagna segua il destino della città, viceversa gli slavi ritengono che l’agro sia il centro del territorio7'XQTXHqFKLDUR

FRPHSLFKHDOWURYHLOFRQÀQHVLDXQFRQFHWWRFKHDSSDUWLHQHDLSRSROLGL TXHVWD]RQDDQFKHDOGLOjGHOOHFRQWLQJHQ]HVWRULFKH0DGDXQSXQWRGLYLVWD JHRSROLWLFRTXDOLIXQ]LRQLKDLQHSRFDFRQWHPSRUDQHDLOFRQÀQH"

,OFRQÀQHVHUYHDGHOLPLWDUHLOWHUULWRULRVXFXLXQRVWDWRHVHUFLWDODSURSULD VRYUDQLWjHFLRqDGHVHPSLR

 &IUMARINA CATTARUZZA, /·,WDOLDHLOFRQÀQHRULHQWDOH%RORJQD,O0XOLQR

2007.

 &IUGIORGIO VALUSSI, Op. cit.

 &IUCARLO SCHIFFRER, ,WDOLDQLHVODYLQHOOD9HQH]LD*LXOLDGDO0HGLR(YRDGRJJL, in SOCIETÀ GEOGRAFICA ITALIANA (a cura della), ,OFRQÀQHRULHQWDOHG·,WDOLD5RPD

‡ &RQWUROORGHOOHYLHFRPPHUFLDOL

‡ $SSURYYLJLRQDPHQWRHQHUJHWLFR

‡ 5LVFRVVLRQHGHLWULEXWL

‡ Esercizio della leva militare

‡ Tutela della identità religiosa, linguistica e culturale.

,QROWUHQRQELVRJQDGLPHQWLFDUHFRPHLFRQÀQLDWWUDYHUVLQRDQFKHLOPDUHH FRPHLOFRQWUROORGHOPDUHVLJQLÀFKLFRQWUROORVX

‡ 7UDIÀFR QDYDOH D ÀQL FRPPHUFLDOL DQFRUD SUHGRPLQDQWH LQ WXWWR LO mondo)

‡ Pesca (particolarmente importante per moltissime economie nazionali) ‡ $SSURYYLJLRQDPHQWRHQHUJHWLFRJDVGRWWLROHRGRWWLPDDQFKHWUDVSRUWR

QDYDOHGLSHWUROLRHJDVOLTXLGRVIUXWWDPHQWRGLJLDFLPHQWLGLLGURFDUEXUL cosiddetti RIIVKRUH).

,QÀQHqGDFRQVLGHUDUHDQFKHO·HPHUJHQ]DGHOO·HOHPHQWRHFRORJLFRHGLWXWHOD DPELHQWDOHFKHKDVHPSUHSLLPSRUWDQWLULFDGXWHDOLYHOORHFRQRPLFRROWUH FKH WXULVWLFR EDVWL SHQVDUH FRPH QHO UHFHQWH FRQWHQ]LRVR IUD 6ORYHQLD H &URD]LDSHUO·DFFHVVRDOOHDFTXHLQWHUQD]LRQDOL=DJDEULDDEELDXVDWRODGLIHVD dell’ecosistema adriatico come strumento ideologico per atti unilaterali dal IRUWHFDUDWWHUHVLPEROLFR_.

9LVWR DQFKH DWWUDYHUVR TXHVW·RWWLFD LO FRQÀQH RULHQWDOH LWDOLDQR SXz FRPXQTXH DSSDULUH FRPH XQ FRQÀQH IUD WDQWL 3HU FRPSUHQGHUQH OH GLIIHUHQ]H FL YLHQH LQ DLXWR XQ·LQWHUHVVDQWH VWXGLR GHO JHRJUDIR *LRUJLR 5ROHWWRSUHVHQWDWRLQRFFDVLRQHGHOƒ&RQJUHVVR*HRJUDÀFR,WDOLDQRGHO 5ROHWWROHJJHYDODSRVL]LRQHGL7ULHVWHFRPHXQDSRVL]LRQHDOFHQWURGL GXHDVVLIRQGDPHQWDOLO·DVVH1RUG6XGG·LPSRUWDQ]DVWUDWHJLFDSHUO·,PSHUR $XVWUR8QJDULFRHO·DVVH(VW2YHVWVXOTXDOHLQYHFHDYHYDLQVLVWLWRO·,WDOLD 4XHVWDSRVL]LRQHDYHYDGDWRDOODFLWWjGL7ULHVWHXQD´IXQ]LRQHGLTXDGULYLRµ VRWWRSRVWDWXWWDYLDDOOHYDULDELOLWjJHRXPDQHDFXLqFRQWLQXDPHQWHVRJJHWWR il retroterra9_. 6HSURYLDPRDOHJJHUHODVWRULDGL7ULHVWHDWWUDYHUVRTXHVWDSURVSHWWLYD FLDFFRUJLDPRLQIDWWLFKH9HQH]LD²SXUGRWDWDGLXQDPDJJLRUFDSDFLWj  %5812 /23$1',ü e %2,.2 %8þ$5, =DJDEULD H /XELDQD GXHOOR VXOO·$GULDWLFR LQ ´/LPHVµ  QƒSSHDQFKHPAOLO QUERCIA e FEDERICO EICHBERG, /D&URD]LDEDOFDQ

 L]]DO·$GULDWLFRLQ´/LPHVµQƒSS

 &IUGIORGIO ROLETTO, ,OSUREOHPDJHRJUDÀFRGL7ULHVWH, in $WWLGHO;9&RQJUHVVRJHRJUDÀFR

PDULWWLPD ² HUD FDUHQWH GD XQ SXQWR GL YLVWD GL UHWURWHUUD OLPLWDWR VRVWDQ]LDOPHQWHDOODSLDQXUDSDGDQDFRQWHVDWUDO·DOWURGD/LYRUQRH*HQRYD 7ULHVWHDYHYDFRQWUDVWDWRLOGRPLQLRPDULWWLPRGL9HQH]LDJUD]LHDOO·LVWLWX]LRQH GHO SRUWR IUDQFR DVEXUJLFR FKH XQLWR DOO·HVLVWHQ]D GL XQ UHWURWHUUD potenzialmente sterminato (perché comprendente tutto il centro e l’est (XURSDQHDYHYDVDQFLWRLOYDQWDJJLRVWUDWHJLFR4XHVWRVSLHJDLOFRQWLQXR WHQWDWLYRGDO;9VHFRORGDSDUWHGL9HQH]LDGLVWUDSSDUHDOO·$XVWULDLOFRQWUROOR GHLYDOLFKLVXFFLWDWLGHÀQLWRGD9DOXVVL«il motivo dominante di tutta la storia GHOFRQÀQHQRUGRULHQWDOH»10_.

&RPHDFFHQQDWRQHOLOEUDFFLRGLIHUURIUDO·,WDOLDHOD-XJRVODYLDVL ULVROYHFRQO·DVVHJQD]LRQHDOO·,WDOLDGHOODFRVWDÀQRD0XJJLDHDOOD-XJRVODYLD GL WXWWR LO UHVWR GHOO·,VWULD ,O FRQÀQH IUD ,WDOLD H -XJRVODYLD ² FRQVLGHUDWR SURYYLVRULRGDHQWUDPELSHUDOWULDQQL²GLYHQWzTXLQGLSLFKHPDLXQ FRQÀQHPXURFKHWDJOLzODGLUHWWULFH(VW2YHVW7LWRLQYHVWuPROWRVXOSRUWR GL&DSRGLVWULDULPDVWRLQPDQRVORYHQDWHQWDQGRGLUHQGHUORFRPSHWLWLYR H VWUDSSDUH FRVu YDQWDJJLR D 7ULHVWH OD TXDOH LQWDQWR ULVXOWDYD PRQFD GHO proprio retroterra naturale.

6L LQVLQXz GD DOORUD OD VHQVD]LRQH QHL WULHVWLQL FKH LO SRUWR SHUGHVVH GHÀQLWLYDPHQWH LO SURSULR UXROR SOXULVHFRODUH H LQ HIIHWWL LO WUDIÀFR PHUFL WUDQVLWDQWHSHUODFLWWjVLULGXVVHLQPDQLHUDVLJQLÀFDWLYD7XWWDYLDDQDOL]]DQGRL GDWLUHODWLYLDOWUDIÀFRSRUWXDOHVLSXzVFRSULUHFRPHLOSRUWRGL7ULHVWHQRQVLD VWDWRDEEDQGRQDWRFRPHHUURQHDPHQWHVLFUHGHPDULRUJDQL]]DWRVHFRQGR una precisa visione strategica.

Tanto scalpore hanno fatto, di recente, i dati relativi alla crescita del WUDVSRUWRGLFRQWHQLWRULGLPHUFLDWWUDYHUVRLOSRUWRGL&DSRGLVWULDFKHLQ TXHVWRVHWWRUHKDVXSHUDWRLOSRUWRGL7ULHVWH0DPDOJUDGRTXHVWRYDQWDJJLR &DSRGLVWULDULPDQHXQSRUWRDWWUDYHUVDWRGDDSSHQDPLOLRQLGLWRQQHOODWH WRWDOLGLPHUFLDOO·DQQRFRQWURLTXDVLPLOLRQLGLWRQQHOODWHQHOSRUWRGL Trieste11_.

4XHVWR VL VSLHJD DQDOL]]DQGR OD VSHFLÀFD GHL FDULFKL LO  GHO tonnellaggio transitante attraverso il porto di Trieste è costituito da petrolio, da immettere perlopiù nel mercato mitteleuropeo attraverso l’oleodotto WUDQVDOSLQR GD FXL GLSHQGH O·DSSURYYLJLRQDPHQWR HQHUJHWLFR GL $XVWULD *HUPDQLD %RHPLD H 6ORYDFFKLD RJQL JLRUQR WUDQVLWDQR SHU TXHVWR SRUWR

10 GIORGIO VALUSSI, Op. cit., p. 145.

11 &IUDQFKHLUIGI CANDIDA, /·LQGXVWULDOL]]D]LRQHGHLSRUWLDGULDWLFLVHWWHQWULRQDOL, in $WWLGHO;9

più di novantamila tonnellate di greggio124XHVWRGDWRPHWWHLQOXFHFRPH

²PDOJUDGRODVHQVD]LRQHGLSHUGLWDGLFHQWUDOLWj²7ULHVWHULPDQJDXQSRUWR GLPDVVLPDLPSRUWDQ]DLQ,WDOLDVHFRQGRVROWDQWRD*HQRYDLOTXDOHSULYDWR GHO UHWURWHUUD RULHQWDOH VL VDUHEEH UHLQYHQWDWR QHOOD GLUHWWULFH 6XG1RUG DPEHQGRDGLYHQWDUHORVQRGRHQHUJHWLFRGHO0HGLWHUUDQHR

4XDOLSURVSHWWLYHSHULOIXWXUR"

$EELDPRYLVWRFRPH5ROHWWRLGHQWLÀFKLODIXQ]LRQHJHRSROLWLFDGL7ULHVWHQHO UXRORGL¶TXDGULYLR·GHOOHGLUHWWULFL1RUG6XGHG(VW2YHVWVLDFRPHVERFFR QDWXUDOH VXO 0HGLWHUUDQHR GHOO·(XURSD FHQWURRULHQWDOH VLD FRPH SRUWD GL DFFHVVRGHOOHPHUFLGDO0HGLWHUUDQHRDOFXRUHGHOO·(XURSD4XHVWRHQRUPH vantaggio geostrategico apre oggi delle prospettive molto interessanti per una VHULHGLIDWWRUL

/DGLVVROX]LRQHGHOOD-XJRVODYLDHO·LQJUHVVRLQ(XURSDGHOOD6ORYHQLDHRJJL DQFKHGHOOD&URD]LD13 _{comporta la riapertura della fondamentale direttrice}

(VW2YHVW FKH VL FRQFUHWL]]D QHO SURJHWWR GHO 9 &RUULGRLR PXOWLPRGDOH WUDQVHXURSHRHGHO9FRUULGRLRSDQHXURSHRFKHQHULSUHQGHLOWUDFFLDWRFKH FROOHJKHUjO·$WODQWLFRD.LHYSDVVDQGRSHU7ULHVWHHFKHULHQWUDIUDLSURJHWWL SULRULWDULGHOO·8QLRQH(XURSHDVLDQHOIXWXURFRUULGRLREDOFDQLFRFROOHJDWR DOO·LQJUHVVRGL$OEDQLDH6HUELDHLQIXWXURDQFKHGHOOD%RVQLD(U]HJRYLQD QHOO·8QLRQH (XURSHD FKH SHUPHWWHUHEEH D 7ULHVWH GL UHFXSHUDUH LO UHVSLUR EDOFDQLFRFKHOHqQDWXUDOH14_.

/·DOODUJDPHQWRGHOO·8QLRQH(XURSHDLQROWUHUHQGHVHPSUHSLFUXFLDOH anche il rafforzamento dell’asse Nord-Sud, che si concretizza in diversi SURJHWWL LO &RUULGRLR %DOWLFR$GULDWLFR UHFHQWHPHQWH LQVHULWR GDOO·(XURSD fra le priorità infrastrutturali, che collegherà Trieste ai mari del Nord SHUPHWWHQGROH GL LQWHUFHWWDUH LO WUDIÀFR PHUFL SURYHQLHQWH GDOO·$VLD H VRSUDWWXWWRGDOOD&LQDDWWUDYHUVRLOFDQDOHGL6XH]OH´DXWRVWUDGHGHOPDUHµ FKHSHUPHWWHUHEEHURD7ULHVWHGLFRPSHWHUHFRQLSRUWLGHO1RUG(XURSD LO SURJHWWR LWDOLDQR GL IDUH GL 7ULHVWH LO QRGR PHGLWHUUDQHR SHU LO WUDIÀFR HQHUJHWLFR$EELDPRYLVWRDULJXDUGRTXDQWRVLDLPSRUWDQWHLOULIRUQLPHQWR GLSHWUROLRGLUHWWRDOO·ROHRGRWWRWUDQVDOSLQRTXHVWDLQIUDVWUXWWXUDJLjHVLVWHQWH

12 ZZZSRUWRWULHVWHLWÀOHBVWDWLVWLFKHJHQQDLRBJLXJQRB.Pdf

13 &IUGIANNI DE MICHELIS, (VW(VW(VW*OLLQWHUHVVLQD]LRQDOLQHOODQXRYD(XURSD in  ´/LPHVµQƒSS

14 &IUENRICO MARTIAL, $/LRQHVLGRUPHD/XELDQDVLFRUUHLQ´/LPHVµQƒSS  &IUDQFKHADRIATICUS, 6HO·,WDOLDQRQSHQVDODIURQWLHUDLQ´/LPHVµQƒSS

SRWUHEEHDQGDUHDGDIÀDQFDUVLDOODFRVWUX]LRQHGLDOPHQRXQULJDVVLÀFDWRUH LQJUDGRGLLQWHUFHWWDUHLOWUDIÀFRGLJDVQDWXUDOHYLDPDUHHLPPHWWHUORQHO mercato europeo. /DGHÀQL]LRQHGLTXHVWLSURJHWWLKDULSRUWDWR7ULHVWHHODVXDUHJLRQHLQ XQDSRVL]LRQHVWUDWHJLFDPHQWHFHQWUDOHLQ(XURSDLQDPELWRFRPPHUFLDOHHG HQHUJHWLFRIDFHQGRQHGLIDWWRXQD¶FLWWjGHLFRUULGRLL·HUHVWLWXHQGROHFRVu LOUXRORGL¶TXDGULYLR·&RPHQHOSDVVDWRO·LQWHUD]LRQHHFRQRPLFDSURGXFH DQFKHVYLOXSSRFXOWXUDOHSRUWDQGRDOVXSHUDPHQWRGLDQWLFKHIUL]LRQLHLQIDWWL FRQO·DEEDWWLPHQWRGHOOHIURQWLHUHLQIUDHXURSHHqVWDWRSRVVLELOHSHU7ULHVWH riappropriarsi del proprio retroterra, e avviare un dialogo in particolare con O·$XVWULDFKHSXzRJJLULDIIDFFLDUVLDOPDUHPHQWUHUHVWDDQFRUDGLIÀFLOHLO pur tentato dialogo con la Slovenia per via delle sue pretese di competizione marittima15_.

&RQFOXGHQGRLOFRQÀQHqSHUGHÀQL]LRQHVLDPXURFKHSRQWHqTXHOOD ´VWULVFLDFKHGLYLGHHFROOHJDµ16FKHFRPHGLFHYD9DOXVVL«soggiace a tensioni e

a tendenze evolutive man mano che variano i rapporti di potenza e le dottrine SROLWLFKHFKHSUHVLHGRQRDOODGHÀQL]LRQHGHLFRQÀQLª17._.

6FULYH0DJULVFKH

&LVRQRFLWWjFKHVLWURYDQRVXOFRQÀQHHDOWUHFKHKDQQRLFRQÀQLGHQWURGLVpH sono costituite da essi. Sono città cui le vicende politiche tolgono parte della loro realtà, come il retroterra, il forte legame con il resto del territorio nazionale; la storia OHVODEEUDFRPHXQDIHULWDHIDGLHVVHXQWHDWURGHOPRQGRYDOHDGLUHXQWHDWUR GHOO·DVVXUGRËLQTXHVWHFLWWjFKHVLHVSHULPHQWDLQPRGRSDUWLFRODUPHQWHLQWHQVR ODGXSOLFLWjGHOODIURQWLHUDLVXRLDVSHWWLSRVLWLYLHQHJDWLYLLFRQÀQLDSHUWLHFKLXVL ULJLGLHÁHVVLELOLDQDFURQLVWLFLHWUDYROWLSURWHWWLYLHGLVWUXWWLYL_. 6HQ]DFRQÀQH7ULHVWHQRQVDUHEEH/DVXDIRU]DHGLOVXRIDVFLQRULVLHGRQR SURSULRLQTXHOODLGHQWLWjFKHqRQWRORJLFDPHQWHGLIURQWLHUDHFKHVLSRWUHEEH UDSSUHVHQWDUHFRPHLOSXQWRGLFRQWDWWRIUDSLHWUHIRFDMHVRORO·LQFRQWUR²D WUDWWLDQFKHYLROHQWR²IUDOHVXHDQLPHSXzSURYRFDUHODVFLQWLOODQHFHVVDULD DGDFFHQGHUHHDWHQHUHYLYDODÀDPPD

15 &IUANTONIO SEMA, 1DXIUDJDD7ULHVWHLOVRJQRGHOEDULFHQWURLQ´/LPHVµQƒ

pp. 103-111.

16 ANGELO ARA e CLAUDIO MAGRIS, Op. cit., p. 192.

17 GIORGIO VALUSSI, Op. cit., p. 5.