Hybrid rocket engine and injection systems. 2011
Simona Silvestri i
Contents
1. Definition of the work 1.1 Research Motivations 1.2 Thesis Objectives 1.3 Presentation Plan
1 1 2 2
2. Conventional chemical propulsion concepts 2.1 Introduction
2.2 Liquid propulsion system 2.2.1 Structure
2.2.2 Engine Cycle or Feed System 2.2.3 Propellants
2.2.4 Advantages and disadvantages 2.3 Solid propulsion system
2.3.1 Components and subsystems 2.3.2 Solid propellants
2.3.3 Propellant burning rate and internal ballistic 2.3.4 Propellant grain and grain configuration 2.3.5 Advantages and disadvantages
2.4 Comparison with hybrid rockets
4 4 5 6 8 10 14 16 16 18 19 20 20 21
3. Hybrid propulsion system 3.1 Introduction
3.2 Architecture
3.3 Advantages and disadvantages 3.4 Hybrid rocket fuels
3.4.1 Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene 3.4.2 Fuel residuals
3.5 Hybrid rocket oxidizer 3.6 Internal ballistics
3.6.1 Regression rate
3.6.1.1 High regression rates
22 22 23 25 29 31 32 33 34 35 38
Hybrid rocket engine and injection systems. 2011
Simona Silvestri ii
3.6.1.2 Influence of dimension of port diameter
3.6.1.3 Influence of aluminium additives on the regression rate 3.6.2 Oxidizer to fuel ratio and grain length
3.6.3 Chamber pressure 3.7 Combustion chamber 3.8 Injection system
3.9 Thermal protective material in hybrid rocket engine 3.10 Past hybrid boosters activities
39 39 40 41 41 42 45 46
4. Kinetics of liquid phase in hybrid engine 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Stability and disintegration of liquid jets 4.3 Stability and disintegration of liquid sheets 4.4 Secondary disintegration of drops
4.5 Single droplet combustion
4.5.1 Adiabatic flame temperature 4.5.2 Boiling temperature
50 50 52 64 72 78 81 83
5. Different type of injectors 5.1 Introduction
5.2 Design objectives
5.3 Classification of injectors and methods of mixture formation 5.4 Injector configurations
5.5 Design calculations 5.6 Impinging jet injectors 5.7 Swirl injectors
5.7.1 One-equation models
5.7.2 Different configuration types
85 85 85 87 87 90 92 97 101 102
6. Conclusions and Future Developments 6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Future Developments
103 103 104
7. References 105
Hybrid rocket engine and injection systems. 2011
Simona Silvestri iii
Appendix A
Comparison of droplet distribution in swirling non-swirling kerosene spray
110
Acknowledgment I
