PA R TI C IP A TO R Y A P P R O A C H ES U SE D IN N A PA s

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P H D P ro gr am m e o f Sc ie n ce a n d M an ag em en t o f C lim at e C h an ge a t th e C a Fo sc ar i U n iv er si ty , V en ic e , I ta ly . Fe d e ri ca M at e o li - Fe d e ri ca m at e o li7 2 @ gm ai l. co m R o le o f p ar t ci p at o ry a p p ro ac h e s an d c o m m u n ic at o n in t h e im p le m e n ta t o n o f th e N A PA s an d N A P s D ri vi n g R e se ar ch Q u e st o n H o w p ar t ci p at o ry a p p ro ac h e s an d c o m m u n ic at o n m et h o d o lo gi e s h av e b e e n u se d in t h e d e si gn a n d im p le m en ta t o n o f N at o n al A d ap ta t o n P la n o f A ct o n s (N A PA s) t o d et e ct le ss o n s le ar n t an d t o u n d e rs ta n d h o w t h e u se o f th e se a p p ro ac h e s ca n b e im p ro ve d a n d u se d f o r th e d ev e lo p m en t o f N at o n al A d ap ta t o n P la n s (N A P s) . A im o f th e r e se ar ch To d ev e lo p a p ar t ci p at o ry a n d c o m m u n ic at o n st ra te gy a t th e g lo b al le ve l f o r N A P a n d a s p e ci f c st ra te gy t o s e n d t o E th io p ia n G o ve rn m e n t to su p p o rt t h e d e si gn a n d im p le m e n ta t o n o f N A P.

IN TR O D U C TI O N M ET H O D O LO G Y Th e r e se ar ch m et h o d o lo gy h as b e e n a s fo llo w in g: 1 ) D e sk a n al ys is o f d o cu m e n ts r e la te d w it h N A PA s, N A P s, p ar t ci p at o ry a p p ro ac h e s an d c o m m u n ic at o n m et h o d o lo gi e s. 2 ) Ex p lo re h o w p ar t ci p at o ry ap p ro ac h e s an d c o m m u n ic at o n m et h o d o lo gi e s h av e b ee n u se d in t h e d e si gn a n d im p le m e n ta t o n o f N A PA s in t h e p ro je ct s d ev e lo p e d f o r im p le m e n ta t o n a ct vi t e s an d in t h e p re p ar at o n o f N A P in E th io p ia . 3 ) R e al iz at o n o f fa ce t o f ac e in te rv ie w s an d a s u rv ey t o s ta ke h o ld e rs id e n t f e d su ch a s p o lic y m ak er s, in te rn at o n al a n d lo ca l in st tu t o n s, a n d c o m m u n it e s in vo lv e d in t h e re al iz at o n o f N A PA s o r ex p e rt s o n c lim at e c h an ge an d p ar t ci p at o ry a p p ro ac h e s an d c o m m u n ic at o n . 4 ) A n al ys is o f d at a to d et ec t le ss o n s le ar n t an d re co m m e n d at o n s to u n d e rs ta n d h o w t h e u se o f th e se a p p ro ac h e s ca n b e im p ro ve d a n d u se d f o r th e d ev e lo p m e n t o f N A P s. R ES U LT S O F SU R V EY P R O FI LE O F PA R TI C IP A N TS

Figure 1 – type of insttuton in which partcipants work.

PA R TI C IP A TO R Y A P P R O A C H ES U SE D IN N A PA s

Figure 4 – partcipatory approaches ranked in order of usefulness for NAPA, from 1 being most useful to 6 being least useful, as responded by partcipants who partcipated in NAPA. Figure 5 – benefts resultng from the use of partcipatory approaches during the NAPA's implementaton and how much these benefts were achieved.

N A PA s’ S TA K EH O LD ER S

Figure 6 – ranking of the steps in the UNFCCC guidelines for the partcipatory process in the NAPA, from 1 being the most efectve in terms of progress and 7 being the least efectve, as indicated by partcipants who were involved in NAPA. Figure 7 – stakeholders involved in the NAPA process. Figure 8 – stakeholders ranked by partcipants involved in NAPA process in terms of usefulness for results, from the #1 (most relevant) to #8 (least relevant).

Figure 9 – method/s were used for stakeholder consultaton and how useful they were in terms of results for NAPA implementaton, as identfed by partcipants who were involved in NAPA process.

C O M M U N IC A TI O N IN N A PA s

LE SS O N S LE A R N T IN N A PA s N A P s P R O C ES S

Figure 11 –ranking of how valuable lessons learned on NAPAs, related to partcipaton and communicaton, are for consideraton in the development of NAPs – #1 (most valuable) to #7 (least valuable) – as identfed by partcipants who were involved NAPA. Figure 13 – methods that should be used for stakeholder consultaton during NAP development for the elements of the NAP guidelines, as identfed by partcipants who were involved in NAPA.

Figure 12 – importance of the use of partcipaton and communicaton in the elements of the NAP process in the UNFCCC guidelines, as identfed by partcipants who were involved in NAPA process.

C O N C LU SI O N S A N D R EC O M M EN D A TI O N S P ar t ci p at o ry A p p ro ac h e s Pa rt ci p at o ry a p p ro ac h e s w e re , i n g e n e ra l, id e n t f e d t o h av e b e e n u se d in a ll st e p s o f th e N A PA p ro ce ss . Th e m o st f re q u en tl y u se d a p p ro ac h e s an d m o re u se fu l w e re p ar t ci p at o ry p o ve rt y as se ss m e n t, p ar t ci p at o ry ru ra l a p p ra is al a n d c o m m u n it y b as e d a d ap ta t o n . Th e r e su lt s su gg e st t h at t h e se p ar t ci p at o ry a p p ro ac h es sh o u ld b e b ro u gh t fo rw ar d f o r u se in t h e N A P b e ca u se th e re w ill b e t h e g re at e st c ap ac it y in c o u n tr ie s to c ar ry o u t th e s am e a p p ro ac h e s ag ai n f o r N A P. St ak e h o ld e rs Th e m o st r e p re se n te d s ta ke h o ld e rs w it h in t h e N A PA p ro ce ss w e re g o ve rn m e n ts , f o llo w e d b y re se ar ch in st tu t o n s, U N A ge n ci e s an d lo ca l c o m m u n it e s. P ri va te se ct o r an d C SO s w e re u n d e rr e p re se n te d s ta ke h o ld e rs . N G O s w e re f o u n d t o b e m o re in vo lv e d in t h e N A PA p ro ce ss e s in t h e A fr ic an r e gi o n t h an in A si a. Th is s u gg e st s th at g o ve rn m e n ts a re t h e m o st im p o rt an t st ak e h o ld e rs t o in co rp o ra te in t h e N A P p ro ce ss , i n t er m s o f th e r e su lt s. R e se ar ch in st tu t o n s ar e a ls o im p o rt an t st ak e h o ld e rs t o b e in vo lv e d . L o ca l c o m m u n it es m ay a ls o b e u se fu l f o r re su lt s in t h e p ro ce ss . N at o n al w o rk sh o p s, lo ca l- le ve l w o rk sh o p s an d g ro u p in te rv ie w s w e re s e e n a s th e m o st e f e ct ve m et h o d s. Th is in d ic at e s th e m et h o d s th at m ay a ls o w o rk f o r th e N A P p ro ce ss : n at o n al w o rk sh o p s, lo ca l- le ve l w o rk sh o p s an d g ro u p in te rv ie w s. T h is c o rr e sp o n d s w it h t h e a n sw e rs p ro vi d e d in t h e ‘N A P p ro ce ss ’ s e ct o n ( se e b e lo w ). C o m m u n ic at o n Th e m o st u se fu l c o m m u n ic at o n e le m e n t u n d e rl in e d in D e ci si o n 2 8 /C P 7 , a s id e n t f e d b y su rv ey p ar t ci p an ts , i s “D ev e lo p m en t o f p ro p o sa ls f o r p ri o ri ty a ct vi t es t o ad d re ss n e e d s ar is in g fr o m t h e a d ve rs e e f e ct s o f cl im at e ch an ge : t h e n at o n al t e am w ill : ( i) O rg an iz e a n at o n al an d /o r su b n at o n al c o n su lt at ve p ro ce ss t o s o lic it in p u ts an d p ro p o sa l i d e as in o rd e r to h e lp d ev e lo p a s h o rt li st o f p o te n t al N A PA a ct vi t e s. T h e n at o n al t e am w o u ld fa ci lit at e t h is c o n su lt at ve p ro ce ss , a n d w o u ld h e lp in tr an sl at n g id e as in to a ct vi t e s. T h is p ro ce ss w ill a llo w ad e q u at e d ia lo gu e b et w e e n t h e n at o n al t e am a n d t h e p u b lic , w it h t m e a llo w e d f o r p u b lic c o m m e n t an d re vi si o n s. ” Th is c o m m u n ic at o n e le m e n t in vo lv e s th e gr e at e st a m o u n t o f p u b lic e n ga ge m e n t an d p ar t ci p at o n . It s u gg e st s th at f o r th e N A P p ro ce ss a s im ila r in cl u si ve co m m u n ic at o n s tr at e gy w o u ld b e u se fu l f o r th e r e su lt s o f th e p ro ce ss . Le ss o n s le ar n t fr o m N A PA P ro ce ss Th e m o st im p o rt an t le ss o n le ar n t fr o m N A PA , a s id e n t f e d b y th e p ar t ci p an ts , i s th e ‘i n vo lv e m e n t o f al l st ak e h o ld e rs f ro m t h e b e gi n n in g ’. ‘U se o f co m m u n ic at o n m et h o d o lo gi e s an d t o o ls in s u p p o rt o f p ar t ci p at o n ’ a n d ‘m o re in vo lv e m e n t o f lo ca l co m m u n it e s’ w e re a ls o s e e n a s im p o rt an t le ss o n s le ar n t fr o m N A PA . N A P P R O C ES S Fo r th e N A P p ro ce ss , a lm o st a ll o f th e p ar t ci p an ts d e em e d p ar t ci p at o n a n d c o m m u n ic at o n ‘i m p o rt an t’ o r ‘m o d e ra te ly im p o rt an t’ f o r al l o f th e e le m e n ts in t h e o ve ra ll gu id e lin e s fo r th e P ar t e s in t h e a n n ex t o d e ci si o n 5 /C P. 1 7 . N at o n al a n d lo ca l- le ve l w o rk sh o p s ar e s e e n a s m et h o d s o f st ak e h o ld e r co n su lt at o n t h at s h o u ld b e u se d th ro u gh o u t th e N A P p ro ce ss , a lt h o u gh t h is v ar ie s fo r e ac h e le m e n t. F o r ‘la yi n g th e g ro u n d w o rk a n d a d d re ss in g ga p s’ , g ro u p in te rv ie w s, n at o n al w o rk sh o p s an d lo ca l- le ve l w o rk sh o p s w e re s u gg e st e d t o b e u se d , a lo n g w it h su rv ey s. F o r ‘p re p ar at o ry e le m e n ts , i d e n t fy in g th e s ta te o f kn o w le d ge a n d c ap ac it y’ , n at o n al w o rk sh o p s an d lo ca l- le ve l w o rk sh o p s w e re m et h o d s id e n t f e d b y m o st p ar t ci p an ts . F o r ‘im p le m e n ta t o n s tr at e gi e s’ , n at o n al w o rk sh o p s an d lo ca l- le ve l w o rk sh o p s w e re in d ic at e d b y th e g re at e st n u m b e r o f p ar t ci p an ts , f o llo w e d b y gr o u p in te rv ie w s. F o r ‘r e p o rt n g, m o n it o ri n g an d r ev ie w ’, n at o n al w o rk sh o p s, f o llo w e d b y su rv ey s an d lo ca l- le ve l w o rk sh o p s, a re t h e m o st in d ic at e d m et h o d s o f st ak e h o ld e r co n su lt at o n .