Appendix 0

Appendix

Colour Plates

 979

Index

 997

0

979

Colour Plates

Chapter 1.3

Figure 3

Figure 4

0

Chapter 1.4

Figure 1

Figure 3

Chapter 1.8

Figure 5

Figure 7

0

Chapter 2.2

Figure 3

Chapter 3.1

Figure 7

0

Chapter 3.2

Figure 5

Figure 6

Chapter 3.7

Figure 9

0

Chapter 3.10

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 6

0

Chapter 4.5

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Chapter 5.2

Figure 1

0

Chapter 5.5

Figure 3

Figure 5

Figure 4

Figure 6

Chapter 5.6

Figure 2

0

Chapter 7.1

Figure 2

Figure 3 Figure 1

Figure 4

Figure 5

0

Chapter 7.2

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Index

Index ⁹⁹⁹

0.00

A

absolute value optimum (AVO) 282

acepromazine 12 acetone 460

– fixation 622

acetylcholine 138, 144, 208 acid fuchsin 490 acrylamide 697 actin 635

– polymerization 234 action potential 191, 397

– amplitude (APA) 248 – clamp 318 – propagation 266 – recording 194

activated clotting time (ACT) 36 activation 358, 362

– kinetics 329 – pattern 258, 259 – propagation 265 – recovery interval (ARI) 258,

266 – sequence 259 – time point 258, 265, 268 – vector 259

acute

– hyperglycaemia 807 – myocardial ischemia 118 additive-concentration-response

795 adenovirus 771 adhesion molecule 868 adrenal chromaffin cells 844 adrenaline 829, 835 adrenergic receptor 833 α1-adrenoceptor 732 α2-adrenoceptor 732 β-adrenoceptor 732

–β3-adrenoceptor 550 – blockade 121 adult stem cells 597 afterload 174 aged hearts 268 alanine 342 albumin 571 aldehyde 458

– aldehyde-based fixatives 459 alizarin red 486

alkaline 488

– phosphatase (AP) 465, 466 – – reaction 708

allosteric modulation 787, 789

alpha-sarcomeric actin 515 Amanita phalloides 623 American Type Culture

Collection (ATCC) 579 ameroid constrictor 58, 61, 90

– placement 63 Amido black staining 711 amine coupling 938 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole

(AEC) 467 amino acid 327 4-aminopyridine 367, 387 amphotericin 320 amplicon 894 amplifier 277, 318 anaesthesia 758

– general anaesthesia 5 – inhalation anaesthesia 5, 9,

13, 18, 21 – – dogs 16 – – sheep 12

– intravenous anaesthesia 5, 20

– – pigs 8 – – rabbits 17

– mechanical ventilation 48 – neuroleptanaesthesia 6 – of dogs 15

– of rabbits 16 – of rats 20 – of sheep 12 – short anaesthesia 5 analog-to-digital converter

243, 950

angiogenetic factor 59 angiogenic growth factor 58 angiogenin 60

angiopoetin 60 angiostatin 60 angiotensin II 845 animal

– experiment 105 – model 111 anisotropic ratio 266 anisotropy 256, 257, 260, 267,

398

anomalous mole fraction effect (AMFE) 328 anthracycline 100

anti-aliasing analog filter 247 anti-arrhythmic drug 111,

194, 423

anti-sense strand 508 antibiotics 10, 261, 575 antibody array 916, 923

antibody-antigen interaction 928

antidepressant 749 antigen expression 871 antihistaminic drugs 261 antimycotics 575 antioxidant substance 808 aortic

– cannulation 168, 184 – flow 179

– valve

– – insufficiency 171 – – stenosis 78 AP-analysis 295 AP-recording 293 apoptotic cell death 564 aqueous NO 801 Araldite 530, 532, 544

– embedding 497 argon ion laser 219 β-arrestin 849

arrhythmia 45, 171, 197, 256, 258, 439

– drug-induced 261 – induction 423 – management 129 arterial

– cannulation 30, 31 – hypertension 72 arterio-venous fistula 95 artery damage during

implantation 70 ascorbic acid 571 K-aspartate 387 asymmetrical signals 413 atherosclerosis 630 atherosclerotic lesion 814 atipamezol 17

ATP-sensitive potassium channel activation 124 atrial

– dilatation 142 – fibrillation 129 – – heart failure 141 – flow 179 – myocytes

– – structural remodeling 135 – tachyarrhythmia 136 atrioventricular conduction

time 163 atropine 851

autologous endothelial pro- genitor cell 61

autonomic neural regulation 111

Avertin solution 834 avian myeloblastosis virus 901 avidin 467

– avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) 466 azaperone 6, 8, 9, 49 azathioprine 657

B

Ba²⁺ current 340 Bachman’s bundle 139 background staining 463, 464,

710 banding 77 BAPTA 123

baroreceptor reflex sensitivity 117, 136

basic cycle length (BCL) 263 Bay K 8644 340

beat rate variability 444 beat-to-beat variability 259 beating cell 587

benzodiazepines 74 benzodiazocine 339 benzothiazepine 335, 337,

343

benzoylpyrrole 339 Bessel filter 244 bevellers 306, 312 bicaval cannulation 31 bicinchoninic acid (BCA)

assay 692 binning 246

biophysical properties 328 biopsy 410

biotin 465, 500, 505, 941 – biotin-streptavidin (BSA)

466

– biotin-streptavidin-HRP system 706

bis-acrylamide 696 Biuret-reaction 693 Bjerrum buffer 701 Blalock-Taussig shunt 77 blocking agents 707 blocking solution 706 blood cardioplegia 79 blot stripping 711 blotting

– membrane 700 – time 703, 704

Boltzmann

– distribution 408, 950 – function 300, 302, 349 bone marrow derived stem cells

593, 607 border zone 259

bovine serum albumine (BSA) 649

Boyle Marriott bottle 166 Bradford assay 692, 694 bradycardia 6 bradykinin 538, 540

breakthrough-points (BTP) 259 bridge amplifier 278, 279 bromo-chloro-propane (BCP)

900

bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU) 67 bronchial hypersecretion 6 bronchospasm 6 Brugada syndrome 423 buffer 472, 507, 689 buprenorphine 16 2,3-butanedione monoxime

234, 764

C

Ca²⁺

– channel 324 – currents 301 cacodylate buffer 527 calcium

– calcium-dependent in- activation 330 – calcium-tolerant cell 561 – channel antagonist 123 – ions 330

– permeation 328 caldesmon 635 calibration 879 calmodulin 330 calponin 636 cAMP 316

– accumulation 860

cannulated vessel segment 198, 202, 208

cannulation – arterial 31 – bicaval 31 – two-stage 31

capacitive feedback technique 290

carbon dioxide 614 CARD 467 cardiac

– arrhythmia 251

– Arrhythmia Suppression Trial 226

– excitation pattern 444 – failure 72

– function 173 – glycosides

– – analysis by HPLC 677 – output 174

– rhythmogenesis 382 – tissue 272 – – engineering 640 – troponins 43

Cardiac Myocyte Populated Matrix (CMPM) 641 cardioactive drugs 443 cardiomyoblast 569 cardiomyocytes 579

– isolation 411 cardiomyoplasty 579 cardiopulmonary bypass 9 cardiotomy reservoir 26 CARTO 427

catecholamine 840, 846 – analysis by HPLC 674 catheter-based manometer 44 caveolae 304

CBFHH 644 cDNA 909

– microarray 907 cell

– aggregate 439

– cell-attached configuration 291, 292

– cell-membrane resistance 292

– culture 433, 436, 874 – – coating 435 – – sample 918 – lysis 686, 688 – pairs 411

cellulose nitrate coating 436 centrifugal pumps 29 channel

– conductance 410 – phosphorylation 334 – selectivity 358 charge-coupled device

– array 220

charge-coupled device (CCD) – camera 245

Index ¹⁰⁰¹

0.00

Chelex buffer 831

Cheng-Prusoff equation 738, 788

chloralose 48, 758 chloroform 768 7-β-OH cholesterol 575 chondroitin 489 chromanol 372 chromatography 663 chronic ischemia 58 chymotrypsin 570 ciclosporine A 657 circular casting mould 646 circumflex coronary artery 90 class III antiarrhythmics 261 closed extracorporeal perfusion

system 34 CMRL 1415ATM 570 cocaine 122, 757 collagenase 410, 569

– buffer 560

– solution 411, 572, 612 collateral 67

– blood vessels 62 – development 69 – growth 61

colloid osmotic pressure 258 competition binding experiment

736, 742

competitive antagonism 784, 789

competitive antagonist affinity 787

complete obstruction 63 complex

– interaction 792 – synergism 794 compliance chamber 179 computer-assisted planimetry

43

concentration-response curve 784, 785

conductance 399 conduction 265

– velocity 196

cone-and-plate viscometer 814, 816

congestive heart failure 83 connexin 397

Connexin43 914, 918, 933, 948 connexon 397

continuous buffer 701 controller setup 282 Coomassie blue staining

solution 694, 699, 705

coordinated expression 914 coronary

– angiography 67 – circulation 89, 173 – – resistance 156 – flow 173, 258 – occlusion 42 – perfusion 41 – thrombosis 42 coupling 399 cre

– recombinase 961 – transgene 965 creatine kinase (CK) 43 critical micelle concentration

(CMC) 689 cross-circulation 26 crosslinking aldehyde fixatives

502

crude membrane 752 cryoconversation medium

583

cryofixation 525 cryopreservation 637 cryoprobe 952 cryoprotection 461, 473 cryosection staining 636 cultured cell 568, 802 current

– characteristics 297 – clamp 280 – – recording 278 – density 703, 704 – reversal potential 389 – voltage relation 298, 303,

358, 360, 375 cuvette system 937 cyclic

– GMP 120

– nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) 382

– nucleotides 385 cyclophilin 904 cytochalasin D 234 cytometry 863 CYTOMICS 869 cytoplasm 294, 315, 487 cytoplasmatic protein 686,

688

cytoplasmic access resistance 414

cytosol 218 cytosolic

– protein 686 – resistance 406

D

DABCYL 895 DAF 547

DAF-FM fluorescence 551 Dahl salt sensitive rat (DSS) 85 data acquisition 185, 318

– hardware 242 de-staining solution 705 defibrillation 126

– procedure 116 – shock 250 densitometry 550, 920 density gradient centrifugation

691

depolarisation 223, 273 – voltage 390 dermatan sulphate 489 desipramine 751 desmethoxyverapamil 342 detergents 688, 689

– ionic 689 – non-ionic 689 – zwitterionic 689 dexpanthenol 20

dextran 171, 817, 823, 825, 938 di-4-ANEPPS 234, 236, 251 diabetic cardiomyopathy 496 diameter measurement 205 3,3'-diamino-benzidine (DAB)

467

diazophenylthioether (DPT) membrane 700 dichroic mirror (DM) 240 diethylether 6

differential attachment 575 – technique 569

differential centrifugation 686, 690

diffusion 191 digestion 569, 781 digoxigenin 500, 505 1,4-dihydropyridine 335 dihydropyridine 337, 338, 342,

350

DiI-Ac-LDL-uptake 622 diltiazem 335, 337, 343 dimethyl sulphoxide 219, 235 dimethylarsinic acid 527 direct coupling 938 discontinuous

– buffer 702

– single electrode voltage clamp amplifier 399

dispersion 256, 259, 266 dissociation constant KD 784 DMSO 588, 596

DNA 966 dobutamine 835 dopamine 829

Doppler flow transducer 113 dose ratio (DR) 789 double cell voltage clamp

method 399

Dounce homogeniser 687 doxorubicin 102

Dulbecco’s wash solution 573 Dunn carbonate buffer 701 dynamic cardiomyoplasty 105 dynamin 849

E

E-modulus (elasticity modulus) 190

E4031 444 EC50 786, 789, 791 echocardiography 74 Edman degradation 717 EDTA 352

effective refractory period (ERP) 418

EGFP expression 772 elastase 570 electric resistance 281 electrical

– defibrillation 427 – noise 254, 268 – pacing 565 – properties 275 – stimulation 280 electroblotting 686, 699 electrocardiogram 160 electrochromism 218 electrode 163

– resistance 403 – shielding 288 electrolyte solution 344 electromagnetic flow probe

161

electrometer amplifier 278 electron microscopy 543 electronmicroscopical method

70

electrophoresis 715 – buffer 697

– measurement 45, 192 – recording 310, 320 electrophysiology 191, 265 electrospray-ionisation (ESI) 717 ELISA 715

elution efficacy 701 Emax 786, 791 embedding 461 embryo extract 570 embryoid bodies (EBs) 578 embryonal carcinoma cell 593 embryonic

– chick heart 570 – stem 477 – stem cell 592

end-diastolic LVP (EDP), 258 end-diastolic pressure (EDP) 163 endostatin 508

endothelial – cell 571, 610

– progenitor cell (EPC) 593, 869 endothelin 823

endothelium 837 endotoxin 620

endpoint dilution assay 765 Engineered Heart Tissue (EHT)

640 enhanced

– chemiluminescene (ECL) detection 710

– green fluorescent protein (EGFP) 764

eNOS 462, 471, 538 envelop-of-tails test 372 enzymatic disaggregation 633 enzyme-based cytochemistry

467 eosin 488

– Y staining solution 698 epicardial

– electrocardiogram (ECG) 163 – mapping 268

– multielectrode mapping 256 – potential mapping 258 Epon 530, 532

ethanol 219, 460

ethidium bromide staining 892 2-ethoxyethylacetate 47 ethyl ether 157 ethylene glycol 945 ethylenediaminetetraacetate

(EDTA) 941 etomidate 844 euthanasia 614

excitation-contraction coupling 303

exercise plus ischemia test 115 experimental chamber 308,

309

external fast perfusion 313 extracellular

– matrix 68, 824

– potassium concentration 394 – potentials 233

– solution 401 extracorporeal

– circuit 26

– circulation (ECC) 7, 75 extravidin 467

F

F-actin staining 623 Faraday’s cage 308, 312 Fas receptor 822 fast perfusion system 314 feeder cell culture medium 583 Feng medium 410, 411 fentanyl 6, 7, 10, 17, 115, 157 FGF family, 60

fibrillation pacemaker 131 fibroblast 571, 640 fibronectin coating 436 filament 306

Fischer 344 rats 656 FISH 515

– technique 514 FITC-labelled dextran 205 fixation 527

fixative 472 flecainide 194, 227 flow

– chamber 814 – cytometers (FCM) 863 – meter 188

– of injury current 266 – probe 46

fluid viscosity 814 flumazenil 17 fluorescence 873

– dye 468 – labelling 500 fluorescent signal 517 fluorochromes 467 fluorophores 899 fluosol-43 171

Index ¹⁰⁰³

0.00

foetal calf serum (FCS) 562, 569, 570, 644

foetal rat serum 570 formaldehyde 459

– binding 460 formalin 462, 506 forskolin 854 FP shape analyses 440 Frank-Starling mechanism 168,

268

free NO concentration – real-time measurement 800 functional antagonism 210, 791,

793

G

G protein 759, 780, 852 – coupled receptors (GPCRs)

759, 848

– heterotrimeric 859 GABA transporter 749 gain-of-function transgenics 970 galanin 512

gap junction 397, 914, 918 – channel 398

– conductance 405 gap junctional

– coupling 265 – uncoupling 267

garden hose phenomenon 170 gating currents 326

gel electrophoresis 686, 696 gelatine 571, 582 gene

– expression 907 – transfer 60, 648

– – adenovirus mediated 656 gene-targeted

– mouse model 829 – mutation 961 general anaesthesia 5 genetic polymorphism 826 genomic DNA 831 genotyping 972 Giga-ohm seal 345 Glanzstreifen 398 glibenclamide 124 glucocorticoid 571 glucose 199 K-glutamate 387 glutamine 337 glutaraldehyde 459

glutardialdehyde 528 glycogen 498 glycylglycine 842 gold-silver staining 466 Goldmann-Hodgkin-Katz equa-

tion 391

Goldner staining 490, 492, 496 goretex foil 11

gramicidin 320

graphite electrodes 703, 705 green fluorescence protein

(GFP) 461, 648 grounding 257, 438 GTPase-activating proteins

(GAPs) 761

guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) 852

guanylyl cyclase 517 guinea pig 157, 191, 299, 316,

412 – myocytes 373

– ventricular cardiomyocytes 296

H

haematopoietic stem cells 593, 605

Hagen-Poiseuille’s law 31, 156 half-maximum concentration

EC50 784 haloperidol 263, 370 halothane 6, 48, 55, 157, 408 Hamamatsu array 243, 244 Ham’s F10 570

Hank's salt solution 597, 850 Harbor Extracellular Matrix

(ECM) 643 hardshell reservoir 30 HCN1/2 channels 383 He-Ne laser 219 heart

– explantation 184 – failure 141

– rate (HR) 66, 163, 173, 258 HEK-293 cell 859

hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining 485, 487

hemodynamic 68 – measurement 74 heparan 489 heparin 157 hepatocytes 607

HEPES 199, 346, 539 heptanol 407, 410 HERG 371

– channel 444 heterogeneity 946 hexethylene glycol 896 hibernation 136

High Efficiency Particulate Air filter (HEPA-filte 611 high voltage amplifier 285 high-affinity capture 940 high-performance liquid

chromatography (HPLC) 661 high-pressure liquid

chromatography 663 Hill

– coefficient 787 – slope 787 His bundle

– ablation 143 – electrogram 163 histological examination 170 histology 863

HIV1-alpha 60 HMR 1556 372 homogeneity 259

homogenisation 687, 688, 731 – buffer 688, 690

homozygotes 974

hormonally defined media 571 horse serum 569, 570, 655 horseradish peroxidase (HRP)

44, 467, 505, 709, 710 HPLC

– analytical 671

– electrochemical detection 668 – instrument 664

– mobile phase 665, 681 – phase systems 670 – sample preparation 672 – troubleshooting 681 human

– embryonic kidney (HEK 293) 765

– umbilical cord 620

– umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) 816

hybridisation 927 – probe 898 – solution 504

hydraulic occluder 90, 126 hydrophobic

– adsorption 941 – interaction 464 – protein 928

hydroxyl 459 hydroxymethyl 459

– starch 171 hyperpolarisation 223

– activated inward current 381 – potential 387

hypertension 140 hypertrophy 78 hypotension 16 hypothermia 56 hypromatrix array 924

I

IACUC 973 IC₅₀ 788 ICAM 610 ice crystals 461 ICI 118,552 122 immunoassay 715

immunocytochemical staining 857

immunodetection 706 immunoelectron

– labelling 535 – microscopy 525

immunofluorescence signal 861 immunogold

– silver staining 465, 468 – staining 537

immunohistochemical method 70

immunohistochemistry 457 immunostaining 920 in situ hybridisation 500 inactivation 362 incomplete concentration-

response curve 796 independent

– additive effect 795 – antagonism 794 infarct size 258 infarction 58

infinity corrected optics 242 inflammatory response 868 inhalation anaesthesia 5, 9, 13,

16, 24 – rabbits 18 – rats 21

inhibitor constant Ki 790 inhomogeneity 256 inositol phosphate 781, 856

inotropic effect 190 input resistance 406 instantaneous conductance

408

integral membrane protein 688, 689

integrating headstage 290 inter-electrode distance 265 intercalated disk 397 internal perfusion 315 interstitial fibrosis 136 intra-array normalization 920 intracellular solution 402 intracoronary thrombosis 41 intramyocardial trans-

plantation 61

intravenous anaesthesia 5, 8 – rabbits 17

– rats 20

intraventricular pressure 162 intrinsic

– activity 789 – agonism 797 inverse

– agonist 797 – microscopy 549 inward rectification 357, 369,

370, 376 iodine solution 112 iodophenol system 707 ion channel 601 ion-exchange purification

system 567

ion-pair chromatography 671, 683

ionic current 296 ionophore 319 irbesartan 141 ischemia 257, 258, 428

– border zone 266 – center zone 266 – reperfusion 256 – – arrhythmia 257, 261, 263 ischemic

– area 256, 265 – centre 259 isochrone 224, 260, 269

– plot 267 isoflurane 6, 9, 48, 55 isolated 190

– cardiac myocytes 308 – heart 173

– trabecular strips 756 – vessel 802

myocytes 410 isometric 192

– contraction 439 – force recording 192 – transducer 160 isoprenaline 331, 650, 653,

770

isoproterenol 331, 350 isotonic

– force

– – recording 193 – – transducer 160 – setup 190

isovolumetric measurement of force 162

isradipine 339 ivabradine 392

K

ketamine 6, 12, 17, 49, 74, 649, 758, 832

Ki-67 antigen 67 kinase 471

knockout mice 186, 612, 830, 961

Krebs-Henseleit solution 164, 527, 754

krypton laser 219 Kyhse-Andersen buffer 702

L

L-arginine 546 L-glutamine 581

L-type calcium channel 329, 330, 339, 387

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 43

– activity 823

Laemmli sample buffer 698 laminin adhesion 314 Langendorff 155, 174

– heart 421, 761 – – constant flow 155 – – preparation 157, 159 – – setup 157 – perfusion system 558 – technique 257, 261, 412 Larmor frequency 950

Index ¹⁰⁰⁵

0.00

laser emission 219 latissimus dorsi muscle 112 Laurière buffer 702 law of mass action 725 lead citrate staining 534 leak currents 377

left anterior descending artery – ligation of 88

left anterior descending coronary artery 88 left circumflex artery (LCX) 63 left ventricular

– catheterization 832 – dysfunction 89 – hypertrophy (LVH) 72 – pressure (LVP) 163, 258 – volume parameter 835 lethal

– air embolism 55 – arrhythmia 117

leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) 580

leukocytes 863 lidocaine 11, 194 ligand immobilization 938 Lin-c-kitPOS 600 linear

– gradient polyacrylamide gel 698

– optimum (LO) method 282 Lineweaver-Burk diagram 786,

790

lipophilic path 338 liposomes 942 liquid

– helium 952 – nitrogen 553, 588 LocaLisa system 427 long-term drug effects 439 long-term monitoring 433 longitudinal

– propagation 266 – velocity 267

Lowry assay 692, 693, 854 LR White resin 532 Ludwig, Carl 190 luminol system 707 lusitropic effect 190 lymphocytes 874 lysis

– buffer 688, 691 – – high-salt 691 – – no-salt 691 – – single detergent 691 – – triple detergent 691

M

M199 570 mAChR 849, 851 MALDI 716 manipulators 316 MAP signal

– computer-aided analysis 425 – fidelity 427

MAPC 598 mapping 221, 224

– system 257 marginal branches 90 mass spectrometry (MS) 716 Masson staining 490 Matsudaira buffer 702, 703 maximum contraction velocity

(dP/dt_max) 163

maximum relaxation velocity (dP/dt_min) 163

Mayer’s haemalum 488 [³H]-mazindol 751 MEA 434

– preparing for cell culture 434 – recording setup 437 measurement of free NO 800 mechanical

– force 190 – noise 253 – ventilation 37

medetomidine 6, 15, 17, 157 megakaryocytes 625 membrane

– capacitance 283, 304, 388 – channel 303

– depolarisation 324, 329 – membrane-bound protein 688 – potential 272, 363

– potential signal 285 – protein 686, 688 – resistance 404, 415 mercury (Hg) lamp 239 mercury/xenon arc lamp 219 merocyanine 218

mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 593, 604

metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) 750

metal ion affinity chromatog- raphy (IMAC) 715 metamizol 10, 16 methanol 460

– fixation 622 methoxyverapamil 342

methylene blue 485, 489 – solution 533 – staining 497 mibefradil 301 mice

– clinical and blood para- meters 24

– genetically altered 173 Michaelis-Menten kinetics 786 microelectrode 191, 194, 215,

274 – array 432

– capacitance 276, 307 – fabrication 305 – glass 305 – resistance 275 microforges 307 micromanipulator 309 microscopic mapping 249 microscopy 308 microsphere 46, 47, 56

– colored 67 – measurement 52

microvascular coronary EC from rat 616

mid-sternal thoracotomy 40 midazolam 6, 7, 17, 49, 53 mini-pig 7

minimized perfusion system 32 MinK-related peptide 1 383 mirror resonance spectroscopy

937 mispriming 523 mitochondria 541 mitotic cycle 569 mitral

– insufficiency 96 – regurgitation 90 modulus hugging 283 Moloney murine leukemia virus

901

monoclonal antibodies 872 monophasic action potential

(MAP) 45, 163, 417 MOPS 199

morphine sulfate 112 motion artifacts 439 mouse

– blastocyst 961 – ES cells 606

multi-protein complex 933 multiplexing 904

multiplicity of infection (MOI) 648

murine fibroblast 583

mutagenesis 959 myocardial

– blood flow (MBF) 53 – function 68 – infarct 89 – – size 51

– infarction 72, 125, 141, 142, 496

– injury – – markers 56 – – plasma markers 43 – ischemia 37, 39, 58 – laser revascularisation 59 – necrosis 61

– perfusion 68 – protection 31 – reperfusion 37

myogenic autoregulation 170 myoglobin 43, 186

myopathy – stress-induced 69 myosin light chain 2 600

N

N₂O 6 Na

– current 299 – pyruvate 164 NaHCO₃ 200 naloxon 17 Nd:YVO4 laser 240 neoangiogenesis 60 neodymium YAG laser 219 neonatal rat cardiomyocytes

568, 762 – cultivation 569 neovascularisation 61, 869 Nernst equation 316 neuroleptanaesthesia 6 neuroleptanalgetics 17 neuroleptic drugs 261 neuronal rhythmogenesis 382 nifedipine 131, 337, 338 nimodipine 338 [³H]-nisoxetine 751 nitrate 801 nitrendipine 335 nitric oxide (NO) 546 nitrite 801

– re-conversion 801 nitro blue tetrazolium 258

– membrane 918 NMR 948 NO

– electrode 800 – – calibration 801 – metabolite 801

non-cardiomyocytes 571, 575 non-competitive antagonism

790

non-crosslinking fixatives 460 non-specific binding 706, 729 noradrenaline 201, 207, 748,

829, 835

– [³H]-noradrenaline uptake 750

– transporter 748 norepinephrine 844 Northern blot 522 NOS inhibition 807 nuclear

– magnetic resonance 948 – Overhauser effect (NOE) 953 numerical correction for series

resistance 405 nylon membrane 700 nystatin 319

O

occlusivity adjustment 29 oedema 170, 270 offset potential 276 Ohm’s Law 283, 307 oligomerization 523 oligonucleotide 503 onset of block 359

open extracorporeal perfusion system 33

open-chest – preparation 40 – surgery 37

operational amplifier OPA121 243

optical

– action potential 237 – filter 240

– magnification 221 – mapping 233, 236 – signal 248 organ perfusion 627 oscillation 950 oscilloscope 254

osmolarity 438 outward rectifiers 357 over-additive effect 796 over-staining 481 oxonol 218 oxygenation 165, 182

P

P wave 130 p-formaldehyde 170 P19 EC cells 593, 596, 606 pA₂ 789

– analysis 784 pacemaker 439, 450

– cell 384 pAdEasy-1 764 paraffin 461, 468, 506 paraformaldehyde 473, 475,

507, 527, 528, 621 partial

– agonist 788, 796 – antagonism 797 passive constraints 104 patch clamp 288, 405

– amplifier 289 – electrode 291 pathway of excitation

propagation 442 PCR

– cycling parameter 904 – primer 966

PE-10 catheter 836 peak conductance 299 peak-current amplitude 327 penicillin 581

– penicillin/streptomycin solution 573 pentobarbital 6 pentobarbitone 49 peptide nucleic acid (PNA)

oligomer 898 perforated patch 319 perfused heart 173 perfusion 41

– pressure 160, 178 – system 311

– – closed extracorporeal 34 – – minimized 32, 35 perfusion-contraction-

matching 41 pericardiotomy 54

Index ¹⁰⁰⁷

0.00

pericardium 39 peripheral

– blood 869

– membrane protein 688 peristaltic pump 312 peroxidase 464, 465, 466

– anti-peroxidase (PAP) 466 peroxynitrite 546 Petri dishes 571 pharmacology 256 phenol-chloroform extraction

508

phenylalkylamine (PAA) 335, 342 – anti-peroxidase (PAP) 337 phenylephrine 838 phosphatase 471 phosphate

– anion 209

– buffered saline (PBS) 572 phosphoamino acid analysis 715 phosphoinositide 3-kinase

pathway 334 phospholamban 653 phospholipase

– C (PLC) 854 – D (PLD) 856

phosphopeptide mapping 715 phosphorylated amino acid 713 phosphorylation 470

– specific antibody 714 phosphoserine 714

phosphotyrosine antibody 714 photobleaching 248 photodetector 241, 242 photodiode array 242, 246 photodiodes 245

photomultipliers (PMTs) 863 phototoxicity 240 physical exercise 59

physiological saline solution 199 picric acid 490

Picro-Sirius red staining 493 pie shaped constrictor 63 piezo stepper 317 piezoelectric crystals 133 pig 6, 7, 58, 411

– clinical and blood para- meters 11

– coronary artery 809 piglet 7

pipette 401 – solution 402 piritramide 53

plasma catecholamine 840 platinum 705

Pluronic F-127 236 pneumothorax 75, 81 Poiseulle’s law 813 polarisation 268

– macroscopic 253 poly-L-lysine 565, 850 polyethylenimine 435 polymerase chain reaction

(PCR) 503

polymorphic tachycardia 229 polysaccharide antigens 458 Ponceau S 706

pore region 325

positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) 650

post-embedding 529 post-perfusion digestion 560 postoperative

– analgesia 19 – treatment 10, 18, 22 potassium 389, 392

– channel 355 – currents 303 – solution 202, 837 Potter-Elvejhem homogeniser

687

Powell medium 560 pre-embedding immuno-

staining 531 pre-pro endothelin-1 823 preabsorption of the antiserum

474

predictive medicine 868 prednisolone 657 preload 174

premedication 8, 9, 18, 21, 63 pressure

– constant Langendorff heart 155

– overload 77 primary cell culture 574 primer 902

– oligomerization 506 pro-arrhythmic activity 256 probe design 902

Proliferating Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) 67

proline 329 pronase 570 propagating wave 256 propagation 397

– velocity 442 propofol 15

proportional-integral (P-I) controller 281

propranolol HCl 121 propylene oxide 530 prostaglandin 838 protease 569 protein

– A 707

– A-kinase anchoring protein 335

– analysis by HPLC 679 – concentration 691 – extraction 926 – kinase 712, 713 – pellet 854 – phosphatase 713 – phosphorylation 712 – protein-protein interaction

918 – synthesis 564 proteinase inhibitor 687 proteolysis 687

pseudo-one pulse stimulation 838

PtdEtOH 857 puller 305, 306 pulmonary

– congestion 81 – edema 81 – valve stenosis 73 Purkinje fibres 384 PVDF blotting membrane

700 PXI chassis 245 pyridinium 218 pyruvate 199

Q

QRS complex 258, 270 QT interval 443, 444 QTc 263

quarantine 962 quartz-glass pipette 315 quinidine 266, 444

R

R-R-interval 130 rabbit 157, 257, 411

– aorta 806

– clinical and blood para- meters 19

rapid

– outward rectifier I_Kr 369 – ventricular pacing 97 rat 157, 191

– phaeochromocytoma 748 re-probing 932

Real-Time PCR 891 receptor

– expression assay 831 – reserve 788 – theory 725 recombinase Cre 776 recording membrane capaci-

tance 304 recovery

– from block 359

– from inactivation 359, 365 reentrant arrhythmia 265,

266

refractory period 194 relative mobility 696 relative molecular mass 696 Rentrop score 67

reperfusion 39 – injury 50

repolarization 227, 248 – pattern 265 – repolarization-related

arrhythmia mechanism 417 – time point 258, 270 resin 468

resting membrane potential 191

retrograde perfusion 174 retroorbital punction 20, 22 reversal potential 365 RH-237 234, 236 rhodamine 218

right coronary artery (RCA) 141

ring vessel segment 198, 200, 207

RNA 521, 842, 891 – extraction 900 – loading buffer 843 – running buffer 843 rodent heart 627 roller pumps 28 Rosenthal plot 735, 741 RT-PCR 522, 891

– semi-quantitative 892 rubidium 389 ruminant 13 rundown 415

S

safety pharmacology 256 saline solution 219 sample preparation 714

– for HPLC 672 sampling rate 445

sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium 124

saturation binding experiment 732, 740

Scatchard plot 735 scatter factor 60 Schäfer-Nielsen buffer 701 Schild plot 784, 787, 789 Scorpion primers 897 SDS-PAGE 719 sedation 614 selenium 571 semi-dry

– apparatus 703 – blot 700, 705 semithin 532 sense strand 508 separating gel 696, 697 separation of different ionic

currents 296 series resistance 399, 413 serum-free medium 571, 819 SEVC

– amplifier 293, 304 – system 287 sevoflurane 48 shear stress 810, 813, 821 sheep 411

– clinical and blood para- meters 14

short anaesthesia 5 shunt model 76

signal-to-noise ratio 237, 253, 450, 923

silicon photodiodes 899 silver impregnation 493 simulated ischemia 196 single cell

– electrophysiology 601 – recording 221 – RT-PCR 320

single detergent lysis buffer 691

single electrode clamp 286 sink current 421

sino-atrial node (SAN) cell 384 Sirius red 490

SM22a gene 773 smooth muscle

–α-smooth muscle actin 624 – myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC)

635 sodium 391

– channel-blocking drugs 266 – propionate 197

softshell reservoir 30 solid-phase extraction 673 sonomicrometry 45, 51

– array 90 sotalol 444 source current 421 SP cells 599

spatio-temporal pattern 439, 444

specific binding 729 spontaneously hypertensive

rats (SHR) 84 spotting buffer 926 ST

– deviation 260

– elevation 256, 258, 259, 263, 270

– segment 171 stacking gel 696, 697 staining procedures 485 stainless steel electrodes 705 steady state

– activation 300, 362 – conductance 408 – inactivation 364 stem cell

– research 514 – therapy 61 stenosis 41

sterile pericarditis 139 sternotomy 80 stimulus

– electrode 226 – generator 318 – isolator 280

streptavidin-biotin system 467 streptomycin 581

stress avoidance 69 stripping buffer 711 stroke 72 styryl 218

sub-xiphoid transdiaphragmal approach 74

subcellular – fraction 690

– molecular distribution 477

Index ¹⁰⁰⁹

0.00

substance P 809 subtotal ischemia 41 sucrose 687

sudden cardiac death 72, 111 superoxide anion 807 surface plasmon resonance

(SPR) 936 Svoboda buffer 702 swine model 59

switch clamp amplifiers 400 Sylgard 347

symmetrical optimum (SO) 282 synergism 791, 792

synthetic oligonucleotide probes 503

Syrian cardiomyopathic hamster 85

T

T-tubule 304, 313 T-wave 258, 270, 423 tachycardia-remodeled

cardiomyocytes 132 tail current 362, 369

– amplitude 300 TAMRA 895

tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) 717

tank blot 700, 704 tannic acid 528 TaqMan assay 895 target

– protein 932 – validation 652 tedisamil 367

telemetric transfer of ECG 66 telemetry unit 65

temperature control 310 teratocarcinoma 593 tertiapin 378

test battery approach 463 tetracycline 775 tetrazolium 43, 50 tetrodotoxin 296, 300, 387 TEVC

– A/B system 285 – system 288 TGF

–α 60 –β 60 thalamus 384 thermoregulation 10

thiol coupling 940 thiopental 6, 7, 9 thiopentone sodium 49 thoracic aorta 632 thoracotomy 40 threonine 714 thrombosis 42 tissue

– catecholamines 841 – dissociation 615 – embedding 473 – preservation 458 – sectioning 473 TNF-α 60 toe clipping 973 toluidine blue 485, 489 torsade de pointes 261 – arrhythmia 257, 428 Towbin buffer 700, 701, 703 tracer technique 747 transcription factors 603 transducer 188 transfer buffer 700 transferrin 571 transgene DNA 960 transgenic mice 562, 830, 972

– colony 963 – in heart failure 85 – model 829 transient

– outward current 357, 359 – staining 706

transjunctional current 409 transmembrane domain 749 transverse

– propagation 267 – velocity 267 trapanal 12

treadmill ergometer 66 triazole-fluorescein 547 tribromoethanol 834 trichrome staining 487, 489 Tris 728, 752

– buffered saline 649 troponin 51, 56 troubleshooting

– HPLC 681 trypsin 570, 645, 819 trypsinization 638 Tungsten-halogen lamp 219,

239, 254

TV-densitometry 469, 475 two-dimensional (2D)-HPLC 716 two-electrode voltage clamp

284

two-stage cannulation 31 tympania 13

Tyrode solution 164, 191, 294, 314, 527, 548

tyrosine phosphorylation 714 tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase

(TPST) 823

U

UL-FS49 392 ultra rapid

– delayed rectifier 357 – outward rectifier I_Kur 375 ultramicrotome 533 ultrasonic crystal 163 ultrathin sectioning 533 Ultraturrax 687, 690 uncomfortable wrapping 69 uncoupling 197, 259, 265 under-additive effect 796 underfeeding 69

unpurified bone marrow 604 uracil-N-glycosylase 905 uranyl acetate 528

– solution 534 – staining 534

urine catecholamines 840 use-dependency 367

V

van Gieson – solution 490, 491 – staining 496

vascular smooth muscle cell 815

– culture 818 – dysfunction 630 VC systems tuning 283 VCAM 610

vector 259 VEGF family 60

vein damage during implanta- tion 70

Velcro-covered glass tubes 643

velocity 259 venous

– cannulae 30 – reservoir 30

– afterload 173 – extrasystole 266

– fibrillation 11, 111, 120, 230, 421

– force 160 – function 173, 174 – remodelling 88, 89 – tachyarrhythmia 111, 115 verapamil 335, 337, 444

– analysis by HPLC 662 vessel

– isolation 200 – mounting 200 viability test 209

vibration isolation table 317 vignetting 242

Viokase 570

viral contamination 771 virtual electrodes 252 virus dilution 765 vitamin C 808 voltage

– clamp 272, 280, 311, 399 – – pattern 298

tion 402, 406

– voltage-gated calcium chan- nels 324

– voltage-sensitive dye 234 volume overload 96 Von Kossa’s silver staining 495 von Willebrand factor (vWF) 625

W

Weible-Pallade bodies 625 Weigert’s iron-hematoxylin 491 Western blot 481, 686, 699, 704,

705, 715, 925 – analyses 464 – recycling 711 whole-cell

– configuration 292 – mode 292

Wollenberger clamp 551, 553 working heart 173 wound infection 69

X

xanthine oxidase 807 xenogenic protein 656 Xenon (Xe) lamp 239 Xenopus oocytes 285, 371, 383

– expression systems 281 xylazine 6, 12, 15, 17, 157, 649,

832

Y

yeast artificial chromosome 773

Z

ZO-1 925